2003年8～9月北京及周边地区云系微物理飞机探测研究

对2003年8～9月北京及周边地区4次飞机探测结果，特别对资料较完整的8月15日的层积云（Sc）和9月4日的层状云（St）系进行了较详细的分析。结果表明，FSSP－100测量的小云粒子（云滴、冰晶）最大浓度的变化范围从Sc云的120 cm-3到深厚高层云（As）的183 cm-3，平均直径7.22～16.05 μm。2D－GA2探头观测的冰粒子最大浓度变化范围从2.25×10-3 cm-3到3.29×10-1 cm-3。机载King热线液态水含量仪（King－LWC）的最大含水量变化范围为0.42～0.69 g/m3。St云垂直和水平分布不均匀特性很明显，高空（-10℃层以上）有较大的小云粒子浓度，达到120 cm-3以上，尺度也比较大，最大值为20 μm。云中液态水含量随高度缓慢减小，基本处于0.1～0.2 g/m3的范围。在-5.9～-8℃层，主要是柱状冰晶和少量结淞体，-8～-12℃层显示基本为结淞粒子，-20℃层左右表现出较多的枝状冰粒子。大冰粒子浓度基本在0.01～1 L-1左右。Sc云和St云的平均谱存在明显的差异。Sc云系的大粒子不同层的平均谱很相似，为单峰分布，谱宽达到1500 μm。越到云低层，云粒子浓度越低。St云系的大粒子不同层的谱分布差异比较大，云中在0～-8℃和-8～-12℃层，直径小于400 μm的粒子谱型基本相似，大于400 μm的大粒子谱分布差异较大，-8～-12℃层有明显的双峰分布特征，而0～-8℃呈现多峰特征，谱宽达到1300～1400 μm。     

浅析房产面积测算的工作程序和技术要领

房产面积测量环节多、要求高、政策性强。如何正确地理解《规范》的原则,细化成具有可操作性的工作细则,形成连贯、协调的程序,提高工作效率,保证测绘质量,完善房产管理,是测绘学科中的一项重要课题。本文在这方面进行了一些探讨和总结。     

数字电子水准仪DiNi10性能实测分析

对蔡司公司的ＤｉＮｉ１０数字电子水准仪,通过主要指标测试、条件试验和６６ｋｍ的实际外业测量,特别是与精密自平水准仪Ｎｉ００２的４０ｋｍ同桩平行测量试验,论述了此种仪器的性能及其作业规律和特点。结果表明该仪器可用于一等水准测量和精密地形变监测。指出了该仪器的不足之处。     

关于商业性地勘工作的几点认识

本文初步总结了市场经济国家的商业性地勘工作主要特点,对我国今后开发商业性地勘地作所要解决的问题做了探讨,并就冶金地质队伍如何更好地适应今后商业性地质工作提出了建议。     

Navigating the evolution of marine policy in Panama: Current policies and community responses in the Pearl Islands and Bocas del Toro Archipelagos of Panama

Recent changes in marine policy in Panama are closely related to sustained expansion of the Panamanian economy in the past ten years. Important drivers of economic growth such as the Panama Canal expansion, tourism, and real estate development directly involve marine and coastal areas. Therefore, maintaining the quality of these environments, as well as the sustainability of the human communities that depend on them, calls for the implementation of adequate management and planning policies. In light of a complex history of marine and coastal policy in Panama, current institutional restructuring processes, and a growing recognition of the importance of marine and coastal geographies, the authors aim to document the current status of, and community response to, marine and coastal policy in Panama, analyzed in terms of three important cross-cutting sectors: tourism, fishing, and conservation. To do so, the authors introduce two case studies: one in the Pearl Islands Archipelago and one in Bocas del Toro, each with varying degrees of participation or involvement in each sector, to illustrate the range of adaptations to change occurring in coastal communities. Based on an in-depth policy analysis and the case studies, the authors suggest that there are important administrative and structural gaps in the legislation and institutions that enforce them, as well as a lack of integration across institutions. In particular, the authors highlight the lack of clear marine and coastal property regimes as an obstacle to the implementation of integrative marine policies in Panama.     

渤海西部2次赤潮过程的气象因子对比分析

利用加密自动站资料、NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°再分析资料、海表温度(SST)资料和常规观测资料等气象资料,对2009年5月31日—6月13日和2012年5月18—28日发生在渤海西部海域的2场相似气象因子影响下的典型高影响赤潮过程进行了对比分析。初步结果表明:(1)2场高影响赤潮过程都发生在春末夏初的赤潮高发期,持续时间在10天以上;(2)赤潮爆发前期,伴随有暖湿气流影响形成适度降水,渤海西部的周平均海表温度(SST)升温明显,且SST≥16.2℃,赤潮发生海域为SST的暖脊控制,对赤潮过程的潜势预报有明显的指示意义;(3)850 h Pa以下层次的温度迅速上升,近地层西南暖湿气流的加强和地面6 m/s以下偏南、东南气流在渤海西部海域的汇合,利于渤海西部海洋浮游生物积聚和突发性繁殖,是赤潮形成的重要气象因子特征。     

Intellectual property rights and the transfer of climate change technologies: issues,challenges, and way forward

The role of intellectual property rights (IPRs) in the development and transfer of climate change technologies has been a contentious issue in negotiations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Irreconcilable differences seem to oppose those who believe IPRs are an inherent barrier to the transfer of climate change technologies and those who argue they are an essential incentive to innovation. After providing an overview of the polarized debate on this issue, this article reviews the existing literature and empirical evidence and looks into some practical initiatives and recent developments. Finally, it seeks to identify a way forward that could help overcome the current stalemate in international deliberations by suggesting a number of parameters to structure the discussion on this complex issue.     

THE LOW-PRESSURE SYSTEM IN THE VERTICAL VELOCITY OMEGA ON THE SCALE OF SYSTEM SENSITIVITY

In this study, the relationship between scale and vertical velocity in a low-pressure system is explored using the wave characteristics of atmospheric disturbances and the structural characteristics of low-pressure systems. The ω differential equation, as determined by the transient geopotential height field Φ, is solved to obtain an analytical solution composed only of wavelength, horizontal speed, and atmospheric stability, i.e., the ω diagnostic equation of a low-pressure system. This equation also shows that vertical velocity in the low-pressure system is very sensitive to the horizontal scale, i.e., a smaller horizontal scale means a larger vertical velocity.     

山西省炼焦煤的粘结性和结焦性探讨

山西炼焦煤资源不仅分布广泛,煤类齐全,而且资源丰富,粘结性强、结焦性好。大量分析数据显示山西霍西煤田霍州矿区粘结性较好,特别是南部的霍州—乔家湾区,煤的粘结指数为80～100,胶质层厚度为24～33mm;沁水煤田东部潞安矿区煤的粘结性较差,为全省最低,一般在13～68,胶质层厚度在0～7.5mm。单独炼焦性能最好的是西山古交矿区、霍西汾西矿区和柳林三交矿区的主焦煤,其次是霍西的肥煤和乡宁的焦煤,比较差的是大同的气煤,潞安和西山的瘦煤。     

综合物探技术在煤系上覆薄硬岩矿区的应用初探——以山西潞安集团司马矿区为例

山西潞安集团司马矿区东高西低,西部延至长治盆地,矿区水系发育。主采3#煤层埋藏较浅,层位稳定。新生界不整合于下伏基岩之上,厚度变化较大,属典型的薄硬岩煤矿区。为准确提供矿区煤炭开采上限的地质依据,采用了综合勘探技术,其中利用三维地震勘探技术追踪新生界底面反射波及第四系"天窗"位置,利用直流电法与瞬变电磁法提供电性分层,并对其解释结果进行相互印证。勘探实例表明,三维地震勘探、电法勘探与钻探的综合运用不仅可解决薄硬岩煤矿区新生界厚度、含水层富水性及第四系缺失等问题,还可提供新生界含水层与基岩含水层之间的水力联系、制约因素等资料。