“Three-Component” Digital Prospecting Method：A New Approach for Mineral Resources Quantitative Prediction and Assessment

“Three-component” method consists of three clase-connected aspects: geological anomaly,diversity of mineralization and mineral deposit spectrum. All these three concepts are not new separately, but it is a new approach to combine these three aspects in one single concept for quantitative mineral resources prediction and assessment and it is also the first time to conduct a more detailed study in each aspect. Investigation and clarification of geological anomalies, diversity of mineralization and spectrum of mineral deposits are realized by digitization and quantification of ore forming controlling factors, oreexisting symbols or marks, characteristics of mineralization and regulation of ore-genesis and laws of distribution. These procedures lead to construction of a “digital model“ for mineral resources prediction andassessment.     

Statewide Estimates of Undiscovered Deposits of Gold,Silver, Copper,Lead, and Zinc

Estimates of the number of undiscovered deposits on a statewide basis offer a different perspective on the nation's undiscovered resources of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc. Mean estimates of the number of undiscovered deposits statewide were extracted from the estimates of undiscovered deposits nationwide. More than 50 undiscovered deposits are estimated to occur in Alaska, Arizona, Nevada, and Wisconsin. Estimating the number of undiscovered deposits statewide serves as a measure of a state's total remaining mineral resources in known conventional deposit types.     

微生物技术在地质找矿和矿石冶炼中的应用现状及展望

评述了微生物技术在地质找矿和矿石冶炼中的研究和应用现状,并结合现代分子生物学的研究进展,着重对核苷酸序列分析、基因探针、DNA重组技术等有望在地质学中进一步应用的分子生物学技术进行了论述,展望了利用微生物的分子鉴定技术和基因探针技术寻找隐伏矿床、利用原生质体融合技术和基因工程创建高效工程菌用于矿石冶炼等方面的应用前景.     

Étude expérimentale de la réactivité du CO2 supercritique vis-à-vis de phases minérales pures. Implications pour la séquestration géologique de CO2

Carbon dioxide sequestration in deep aquifers and depleted oilfields is a potential technical solution for reducing green-house gas release to the atmosphere: the gas containment relies on several trapping mechanisms (supercritical CO₂, CO_2(sc), dissolution together with slow water flows, mineral trapping) and on a low permeability cap-rock to prevent CO_2(sc), which is less dense than the formation water, from leaking upwards. A leakproof cap-rock is thus essential to ensure the sequestration efficiency. It is also crucial for safety assessment to identify and assess potential alteration processes that may damage the cap-rock properties: chemical alteration, fracture reactivation, degradation of injection borehole seals, etc. The reactivity of the host-rock minerals with the supercritical CO₂ fluid is one of the potential mechanisms, but it is altogether unknown. Reactivity tests have been carried out under such conditions, consisting of batch reactions between pure minerals and anhydrous supercritical CO₂, or a two-phase CO₂/H₂O fluid at 200?°C and 105/160 bar. After 45 to 60 days, evidence of appreciable mineral-fluid reactivity was identified, including in the water-free experiments. For the mixed H₂O/CO₂ experiments, portlandite was totally transformed into calcite; anorthite displayed many dissolution patterns associated with calcite, aragonite, tridymite and smectite precipitations. For the anhydrous CO₂ experiments, portlandite was totally carbonated to form calcite and aragonite; anorthite also displayed surface alteration patterns with secondary precipitation of fibrous calcite. To cite this article: O. Regnault et al., C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005).     

南海西部表层沉积物黏土矿物的分布

对南海西部表层沉积物进行系统取样分析表明,该区黏土矿物总体以伊利石为主,平均含量超过50%,其次为蒙脱石、绿泥石和高岭石含量较低,伊利石和蒙脱石含量变化较大,两者呈负相关关系,而绿泥石和高岭石含量变化较小,两者呈正相关关系。根据黏土矿物组合及其分布特征,南海西部海域大致可以分为A、B、C、D四区,其中A区以高伊利石和低蒙脱石含量为特征,B区伊利石含量明显下降,蒙脱石含量增多,C区以较高蒙脱石含量和低绿泥石、高岭石含量为特征,D区为相对低伊利石,高蒙脱石、绿泥石和高岭石,且往东南方向蒙脱石含量增大,而伊利石含量下降。与邻区黏土矿物组合对比研究表明,高伊利石含量的A区物源,除来自华南大陆的珠江、韩江等大小河流外,可能有相当部分来自东北方向,包括台湾岛及台湾海峡等。越南岸外的陆坡区细粒沉积物与陆架区有明显的继承性,表明其物源主要来自中南半岛,而红河物源对陆坡及深海盆的影响相对较小。南部陆架-陆坡区的物源主要有湄公河和加里曼丹岛,但两者的混合明显。因此,从区域分布来看,来自台湾海峡的细粒沉积物对南海深海盆影响最大,这可能主要是有由于表层环流所致。     

云南金沙厂铅锌矿床地球化学特征及其指示意义

位于扬子地块西南缘的“川滇黔铅锌矿集区”是我国西南大面积低温成矿域的重要组成部分, 金沙厂铅锌矿床是其中典型矿床之一, 前人针对金沙厂矿床的成矿物质来源和成矿流体特征开展了大量研究, 但围岩对成矿的贡献和矿床成因仍不明确。针对这一问题, 本文系统分析了金沙厂闪锌矿及围岩的微量元素组成, 结合围岩和萤石的稀土元素特征, 探讨了围岩对成矿的贡献, 厘定了矿床成因。研究表明, 闪锌矿以富集Cd、Ge、Cu、Ga, 贫Fe、Mn、In、Co、Ni为特征, 这些元素多以类质同象的形式赋存在闪锌矿中, 个别元素如Cu、Ge等含量变化范围较大, 可能与低温流体有关。矿床中闪锌矿存在多种颜色的原因可能是Cu、Ge等多种元素共同作用的结果。近矿端的围岩明显富集Zn、Pb、As、Cd等元素, 而闪锌矿中同样富集这些元素, 说明围岩为成矿提供了部分金属元素。萤石继承了围岩的Eu、Ce负异常, 并受到了具有较高Ce负异常的成矿流体影响。萤石较围岩具有较高的Y/Ho比值, 说明萤石中的部分Y来源于围岩, 从而导致萤石具有较高的Y/Ho值。总体上, 该矿床中闪锌矿微量元素组成与MVT矿床基本一致, 明显有别于喷流沉积型、岩浆热液型和远端夕卡岩型矿床, 其成矿温度属于低温范围, 结合其矿床地质地球化学特征, 本文认为金沙厂铅锌矿床属于MVT铅锌矿床。     

晋北煅烧高岭土用煤矸石的应用矿物学特征

为了给晋北煅烧高岭土用煤矸石的评价和开发利用提供科学依据,采用XRD、XRF、SEM和白度计等现代分析测试技术,研究了晋北煅烧高岭土用煤矸石的应用矿物学特征。结果表明:1)根据造纸和涂料用煅烧高岭土的国家标准,晋北煤矸石主要可分为3种类型:合格原料、基本合格原料和不合格原料。2)与合格和基本合格原料相比,不合格原料煅烧产物的化学成分中SiO₂、Al₂O₃、Fe₂O₃含量以及碱金属与碱土金属总含量都与前者有较大差异。3)合格和基本合格原料主要由高岭石(85%～94%)组成,不合格煤矸石矿物组合为高岭石(30%～60%)+石英(23%～38%)+伊利石(14%～26%),并含少量黄铁矿和白云石等杂质矿物,石英等杂质矿物和含铁矿物是分别导致煅烧产物化学成分和白度不合格的主要原因。4)合格原料中高岭石结晶度较好,主要为不规则片状、书册状和弯曲片状,片表面光滑,片径大小范围较大,为0.05～51.22μm,平均2.80μm,径厚比41.24。     

含铀物质对有机质生烃的实验研究

采用密闭容器水热模拟实验方法,考察含铀物质对有机质热解生烃过程的影响。对热模拟实验产物分析发现,在暗色泥岩和煤岩样品中加入含铀物质后,气态烃和液态烃的生烃量都有比较明显的增加。其中煤岩的气态烃产量平均增加值为34%,而泥岩样品平均增加值也达到了30%以上。液态烃产率分析表明,含铀矿物也促进了泥岩和煤岩的液态烃产率。从泥岩氯仿沥青‘A’族组成分析表明,加入催化剂后泥岩的饱和烃和芳烃在高温阶段具有规律性的明显增大的趋势,反映出非烃和沥青质,甚至不溶有机质向相对稳定的饱和烃转化以及芳烃随演化程度增加的高聚合作用。综合以上分析,认为放射性铀对油气生成具有氧化催化作用。     

矿物材料学的内涵与特征

经过20余年的研究与发展,矿物材料学已经成为材料科学与工程中一个相对独立和完善的组成部分,由于其定义、内涵与特征等基本问题与材料科学的从属性和独特性,多年的研究认为:矿物材料学是研究矿物材料的组成与结构、制备与合成、性能和使用效能以及矿物原料性质与特点等五要素及其相互关系和规律的一门学科.这五要素是具有内部互相联系和作用的有机整体,研究这五要素并了解它们之间的相互关系和规律构成了矿物材料学的内涵.矿物原料性质与特点是其他四要素的基本前提或重要基础,矿物原料及其与其他四要素的关系以及矿物在其他四要素中的关键性都体现了矿物材料学的矿物科学属性,正是因为兼具材料科学属性和矿物科学属性的矿物材料学这一重要特征使其有别于其他学科,而具有了理论及实用价值.