山东渤南油田古近系沙河街组沙二段及沙三段低渗透储层成岩储集相

渤南油田位于济阳坳陷的渤南洼陷内,是山东省胜利油田储量最大的亿吨级深层低渗透断块岩性油藏,主要含油层系为古近系沙河街组沙二段和沙三段,属中孔低渗透砂岩储层。低渗透砂岩储层的成因机理十分复杂,为了更精确地预测有效储层的分布及其内部储集性能的差异,应用成岩储集相的概念在渤南油田三区古近系沙河街组开展了低渗透储层质量评价的研究。该项研究是建立在储层沉积相、成岩作用研究的基础上,通过分析低渗透储层成岩作用对储集物性的影响及成岩作用阶段划分,认为造成本区储层砂岩渗透率较低的主要原因是成岩期各种自生矿物的充填和胶结作用。选用流动层带指标、孔隙度、渗透率、粒度中值、泥质含量、孔喉半径均值和变异系数等七项参数,采用聚类分析和判别分析方法,将渤南油田三区古近系沙河街组划分为四类成岩储集相,阐述了各类成岩储集相的特征,并结合沉积相,实现了成岩储集相的时空展布。研究成果将对低渗透砂岩储层的开发起到指导作用。     

四川甲基卡矿田花岗岩型锂工业矿体的发现及意义

以往都认为四川甲基卡是"伟晶岩型锂辉石矿床",经过2018年的钻探验证,尤其是对甲基卡矿田东南部鸭柯柯矿区ZK801钻孔的详细研究,发现鸭柯柯矿区的锂矿物不只有锂辉石,还有磷锂铝石;矿体不局限在伟晶岩中,也出现在细粒花岗岩中,更常见的是以锂辉石、磷锂铝石和其他造岩矿物(长石、石英、云母等)共同组成近等粒状的或不规则状但总体上矿物粒度达不到伟晶结构,与标准的伟晶岩明显不同。因此,鸭柯柯矿区的工业矿体主要属于花岗岩型而非伟晶岩型;矿体在成因上以交代为主,充填为次;矿石类型以细晶状为主,伟晶状少见;矿石矿物以锂辉石为主,常见磷锂铝石,偶见锂云母;矿化分带不明显,局部出现非常复杂的结构带,如"锂辉石伟晶岩+磷锂铝石锂辉石花岗细晶岩"组成的复式脉和"含磷锂铝石锂辉石细晶花岗岩+石英微斜长石伟晶岩+石英细脉"组成的复式脉。这一非传统矿化类型的发现,弥补了硬岩型锂矿以"伟晶岩型锂辉石"为主导的单打一局面,拓宽了找矿思路,同时也为伟晶岩型矿脉深部寻找大规模的层状稀有金属矿体"地下室"提供了实例。     

塔里木盆地巴楚隆起石炭—二叠系碳酸盐岩成岩作用

用显微镜法、染色法、镜煤法、铸体鉴定法、阴极发光法、X－衍射等方法研究了巴楚地区石炭系、二叠系成岩作用，证明它经历了压实、泥晶化、胶结、溶蚀、云化、重结晶、硅化、裂缝等成岩作用；经历了海底成岩环境、大气淡水成岩环境、浅埋及深埋成岩环境、表生成岩环境。各种成岩作用不断改变着石炭系、二叠系的储集性能，形成巴什托－亚松迪－带小海子组白云岩和巴楚组白云岩两个较好的储层。各种成岩矿物、石英加大、有机质成熟度、X－衍射的资料证明本区成岩阶段大致相当于Schmidt成岩阶段的“中期成岩阶段”。     

塔里木西部白垩系-古近系沉积成岩演化特征

在塔里木盆地西部上白垩统-古近系中可识别出7种具典型成因意义的高频旋回层序,根据垂向上的有序叠加方式,可以建立起一个由5个Ⅳ级旋回层序、2个Ⅲ级旋回层序和一个Ⅱ级旋回层序组成的特征层序地层格架.它基本上控制着研究层位中不同沉积相和生储盖组合的时空展布特征.上白垩统在盆地西南缘形成了较厚的高水位体系域开阔台地相灰岩储层,但成岩特征受海水成岩环境控制,胶结作用强烈,致使储层呈低孔低渗特征.古近系在帕米尔山前主要为一套冲积平原-河流沉积体系产物,从中可划分出4种有利的沉积-成岩相带.由于该碎屑岩均处于早成岩阶段B期,成岩环境呈酸性,储集性能明显优于上白垩统灰岩储集层.     

喀拉通克1号铜镍硫化物矿床研究

本文通过大量的测试研究.对喀拉通克1号铜镍硫化物矿床的围岩、构造、岩石矿物,矿石及同位素地质等特征进行了详细的阐述.该矿是由上地幔亚碱性拉斑玄武岩浆经中间岩浆房液态层状分异后,侵位于活动区,其中的含矿岩浆就地熔离成矿,同源矿浆贯入成矿,以及它们复合定位所形成的岩浆熔离叠生矿床.并建立起该矿床的成岩成矿模式.     

Kinetic Modeling of Diagenesis of Eogene Lacustrine Sandstone Reservoirs in the Jianghan Basin,Southeastern China

In the Tuoshi oilfield,located in the Cenozoic Jianghan Basin of southeastern China ,there have been found hydrocarbon reservoirs hosted in lacustrine sandstones of the Eogene Xingouzui Formation.The main diagenetic features identified in these sandstones include the dissolution of detrital K-feldspar and albite grains,the precipitation of quartz as overgrowths and /or cements ,and the precipitation and /or transformation of clay minerals.These diagenetic features were interpreted to have occurred in early,intermediate and late stages,based on the burial depth.The kinetics of fluid-mineral reactions and the concentrations of aqueous species au each stage of diagenesis were simulated numerically for these lacustrine sandstones,using a quasi-sta-tionary state approximation that incorporates simultaneous chemical reactions in a time-space continuum.During the early diagenetic stage,pore fluid was weakly acidic,which resulted in dissolution of K-feldspar and albite and,therefore,led to the release of K^ ,Na^ ,Al^3 and SiO2(aq) into the diagenetic fluid.The increased K^ ,Na^ ,Al^3 and SiO2(aq) concentrations in the diagenetic fluid caused the precipitation of quartz,kaolinite and illite.At the beginning of the intermediate diagenetic stage the concentration of H^ was built up due to the decomposition of organic matter,which was responsible for further dissolution of K-feldspar and albite and pre-cipitation of quartz,kaolinite,and illite.During the late diagenetic stage,the pore fluid was weakly alkaline,K-feldspar became stable and was precipitated with quartz and clay minerals.When the burial depth was greater than 3000 m,the pore fluids became supersaturated with respect to allbite,but undersaturated with respect to quartz,resulting in the precipitation of albite and the dissolution of quartz.The diagenetic reactions forecasted in the numerical modeling closely matched the diagenet-ic features identified by petrographic examination, and therefore,can help us to gain a better understanding of the diagenetic processes and associated porosity evolution in sandstone reservoirs.     

藏北中-新生代花岗岩与金矿成矿

藏北地区中、新生代岩浆活动强烈，花岗岩成岩机制复杂。金矿时空分布特征与岩体密切相关，初步研究表明，与金矿成矿有关的花岗岩为火山弧环境下的同熔型花岗岩，结合同位素研究，认为该区成矿物质可能来源于壳幔过渡带或基底。花岗岩主量元素，Rb、Sr、O同位素研究发现，随成岩时代变化，岩体成岩构造环境、物质来源、金矿化强度呈周期性(脉动性)变化。金矿成矿作用与岩浆活动之间表现出统一性和周期性的变化特征，是和本区大地构造演化密切相关的。     

Palaeotemperatures and Diagenetic Phases of the Upper Triassic Oil-bearing Sandstones in the Eastern Part of the Ordos Basin

The maximum palaeotemperature of oil-bearing sandstones in the UpperTriassic in the eastern Ordos basin has been determined by using many methods including thevitrinite reflectance, fluid inclusion, apatite fission track, illite crystallinity, chlorite polytypeand diagenetic change of authigenic minerals. The thermal gradient in the Late Mesozoic wasabout 2.9-3.0℃/100m. The Upper Triassic was in a mature stage of organic matter andhydrocarbon began to be generated and migrated during this period. The palaeotemperatures ofoil-bearing sandstones were in the range of 88-110℃; those for the generation and migrationof oil ranged from 112 to 122℃. The thickness of the denuded strata overlying the UpperTriassic was 2465-2750m. The present burial depth of oil-bearing sandstones is generally from400 to 1200m. At a depth of ca. 1900m, the temperature may reach 140℃. Below this depth,organic matter was supermature and mainly generated gas.     

克拉玛依油区沸石类矿物特征及其与油气的关系

克拉玛依油区储层中共发现6种沸石和一种与沸石演化有关的钠长石。本文通过沸石矿物特征及分布规律的研究认为;沸石及沸石的组合在纵向上存在着一定的分带性,与埋藏成岩关系极为密切。方沸石和方沸石十片沸石带为早成岩期B阶段形成;片沸石十浊沸石带主要为晚成岩期A阶段形成;浊沸石+钠长石带为晚成岩期B—c阶段形成。方沸石的钠长石化和方沸石溶蚀对储层贡献较大。另外对沸石分带中的一些重叠现象等进行了初步探讨。     

论华南碳硅泥岩型层控铀矿床的形成地质背景和成因的多样性

华南广泛分布的碳硅泥岩型铀矿床是比较典型的层控矿床,按控矿层位可分为震旦寒武系和上古生界两大类。该类矿床的铀源层形成与华南地区地壳演化有密切关系。铀源层的改造成矿具有较大的复杂性和多样性,据此,过去一般划分为沉积成岩型,淋积型和热造(热液改造)型三亚类,其中前两类并不多见,而且沉积成岩型也不够确切。热造型是这类矿床的最主要代表,但它们在成因上也表现出不同特征,特别是它们与附近花岗岩体的关系比较复杂,以致过去对其成因有不同认识。本文讨论了某些有代表性的矿床的地质学、地球化学特征并提出了对这类矿床的进一步分类意见。