基于“十五”重点建设项目的几点思考

作为福建省地震局承建的重点项目,福建省地震重点监视防御区城市防震减灾体系工程在四年多的建设过程中,积累的一条经验总结起来就是:抓住机遇、严格管理、探索提高,促进项目建设保质保量完成。这不仅体现在项目的申请立项中,更体现在项目的具体建设实践中,这对“十一五”项目立项和管理的思路将起到启发作用。     

跨越式发展给吉林省绿色矿产资源开发带来的机遇和挑战

本文在探讨绿色矿产资源、跨越式发展的内涵及相互关系的基础上 ，阐述了吉林省绿色矿产资源开发的有力条件和制约因素，最后论述了跨越式发展给吉林省绿色矿产资源开发带来的机遇和挑战。     

Double-camera measurements of plumes, applied to wind field characterization and dispersion studies

A stereophotogrammetric technique based on standard equipment to measure plume trajectories in sheared wind fields and/or complex terrain is shown here. The approach is to use existing visible plumes as tracers of opportunity of air flow. This technique was first developed as part of a multi-instrument field program intended for the experimental characterization of atmospheric dispersion in the complex coastal area of Bilbao in northern Spain. Emphasis is placed on the calibration method and the experimental procedures as well as on sources and margins of error. Finally, applications and joint usage with other techniques during several field programs are also presented.     

Calculation of Ecological Compensation Standards for the Kuancheng Traditional Chestnut Cultivation System

Kuancheng Traditional Chestnut Cultivation System is located in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Water Containment Function Area. The Traditional Chestnut Cultivation System is characterized by agroforestry compound, and some studies have shown that the compound planting of chestnut has better ecological benefits than the single chestnut planting mode. However, most of the local farmers in Kuancheng are mainly engaged in single chestnut cultivation. Through ecological compensation, farmers are being encouraged to change their chestnut planting mode, which can achieve the purpose of inheriting China’s important agricultural heritage and improving the ecological benefits. This paper introduces preference coefficients to correct for opportunity costs, and through interviews and questionnaires, we obtained the input and output of the single chestnut cultivation, chestnut-maitake, chestnut-millet, and chestnut-chicken and the income of laborers working outside the home in the Kuancheng area. Through analysis and calculation, we obtained the following results: (1) Although the net income of the three chestnut composite modes is higher, their economic input is higher than that of a single chestnut planting mode, and the return on unit investment is lower. (2) The average income of young and middle-aged workers who work outside is higher than that of the local farming industry, so the local chestnut agroforestry plantation has a higher opportunity cost. (3) The final calculation shows that the chestnut-chicken agroforestry operation mode needs no compensation, the chestnut-maitake plantation mode is compensated at least 1608.5 USD ha^-1 yr^-1, and the minimum compensation for the chestnut-millet plantation mode is 198.3 USD ha^-1 yr^-1, which can guarantee that farmers receive the full value of their creations. Ultimately, farmers are incentivized to revive the traditional agroforestry production mode to achieve both economic and ecological benefits while inheriting agricultural heritage.     

Successful British Migration to Australia—what lies beneath the macro-level?

ABSTRACT

What is successful migration? At a macro-socio-political level migration by individuals may appear to be successful when it has met the objectives of governments, industries and domestic profit makers. However, delving beneath the surface can reveal contradictions and other measures of success at the individual, or micro-level. Within a broader critical historical ethnography, we interviewed 26 post-World War 2 (WW2) British migrants living in South Australia. All interviewees could be viewed as successful at the macro-level, having remained in Australia for many years and having established multi-generational Australian families. Their migration was a ‘success’ when measured against the priorities that were actively promoted by Australian governments in the post-WW2 period. At a micro-level, the migrants involved in this study reported mixed outcomes. While migration did result in self-identified aims of migration including employment, opportunities and adventure, some migrants reported high levels of distress and longing, linked to loss and dislocation from people and places in geographically distant locales. For some, these feelings extended into the present, raising questions over the ‘success’ of their migration experiences at a personal level. We argue that pro-active migration recruitment—such as that undertaken by Australian governments in the post-WW2 period—has the potential to pressure some persons into migration, creating ongoing and unresolvable tensions. Experiences of such disruptions merit further exploration to develop deeper critical understandings of migration success.     

21世纪气象图书馆工作面临的挑战、机遇和对策

随着21世纪的到来，人类知识宝库的图书馆，正面临从传统走向现代化的转变，这是信息时代赋予图书馆的历史机遇，也是对我们气象图书馆现代化管理的挑战。     

中国科技型初创企业的时空格局及影响因素研究——基于创业生态系统视角

创新驱动战略的深入推进促使创业型经济繁荣发展,科技型初创企业日益成为促进中国科技进步和经济高质量发展的决定性力量。本文基于2015—2020年中国科技型初创企业数据,运用泰尔指数、核密度估计等方法解析了科技型初创企业的时空格局,并利用OLS模型与SARAR模型定量识别了科技型初创企业分布的影响因素。研究发现:(1)从时间序列来看,2015—2020年中国科技型初创企业的数量快速增长,但是在城市体系的分布呈现持续的层级结构特征;(2)从空间格局看,中国科技型初创企业呈现出以长江三角洲、珠江三角洲为主要核心,京津冀为次要核心的多核心分布模式,创业热点从三大核心扩张到更多地区,东中西三大地带的不平衡性日益增强;(3)风险投资、知识厚度、人力资本、市场规模、孵化环境和政策环境对城市科技型初创企业的发展具有积极影响,创业生态系统的影响也表现出空间依赖性和空间异质性特征,而且不同影响因素的作用强度和相对重要性在不同发展阶段存在差异。未来应重视高质量科技创业生态系统建设,因地制宜地选择适合本地科技型初创企业发展的驱动路径。     

实施西部大开发给贵州省测绘行业带来的机遇和挑战

党中央制定西部大开发的发展战略给贵州测绘行业带来了机遇,西部的环境、资源、交通等各项建设都离不开地图和数据产品的作用。因此需要测绘行业加强技术装备建设,提高测绘产品质量,为西部大开发作贡献。     

中国控制和管理氢氟碳化物的机遇与挑战

控制温室气体排放、减缓气候变化已成为国际社会关注的热点,中国作为温室气体排放大国,承受着巨大的国际压力。未来一段时间内,如果按照发达国家的技术路线,中国的氢氟碳化物（HFCs）的生产和消费将快速增长,其排放量将迅速增加。采用低全球增温潜势（GWP）技术及采取减排措施,HFCs领域具有很大减排潜力;将HFCs减排纳入中国减排温室气体的整体战略中,对推进国家水平的温室气体减排将作出重要贡献。当前,中国面临着重要机遇,比如针对含氟温室气体相对完备的履约机制可保证一定的减排技术转让和资金支持,履约行动将促进相关行业的节能减排与技术创新等;同时中国也面临着挑战,比如HFCs的巨大消费需求及其排放量的迅速增长,尤其是HFCs替代技术存在局限性等。     

利用志愿观测船提升表层海洋观测能力

对表层海洋动力学及其调控机制的认识对准确认识海洋自然变化过程及其未来对气候变化的响应具有重要意义。志愿观测船作为自动观测系统的载体和样品采集平台的优势使其在提升人类对于表层海洋的观测能力方面具有极大优势。本文系统性地回顾了志愿观测船的概念、发展历史、现状和未来发展趋势。基于志愿观测船的诸多海洋观测项目的成功显示了,随着快速发展的传感器技术,志愿观测船能够以经济有效的方式显著地提升表层海洋现场观测的时间和空间分辨率。未来的海洋观测系统应该综合利用包括志愿观测船在内的多种海洋观测平台的优势。