多光谱与全色遥感影像像素级融合算法比较分析

简述了遥感影像融合的过程,并利用SPOT5的全色和多光谱影像在Envi软件里采用IHS、Gram-Schmidt、Brovey和Color Normalized （CN）的融合算法进行融合,然后对几种影像融合的结果进行定性定量的评价分析.分析的结果表明：与原多光谱相比,HIS融合方法的清晰度和信息的丰富度最高;Gram-Schmidt的光谱保真度和相关度最佳,清晰度和信息的丰富度也仅次于HIS融合结果;Brovey和CN的融合算法是最差的,但是在凸显植被和水体地物时Brovey和CN有优势.总而言之对于不同地物类型,每种融合方法具有各自的优势和限制,所以应根据不同的用途选择最佳的融合算法.     

历史遗留损毁土地调查内容与调查方法探讨

掌握历史遗留损毁土地现状“家底”,是县级以上国土资源部门履行复垦责任的重要内容之一,同时,损毁土地调查成果质量也直接影响后期评价、复垦规划、复垦实施和复垦动态管理的科学性和有效性.该文基于实践经验法、对比分析法、理论分析法等方法,探讨了历史遗留损毁土地的内涵,明确了调查基本单元,提出了调查内容体系、调查方法和技术路线,对指导历史遗留损毁土地调查实施和贯彻落实《土地复垦条例》具有重要意义.     

Watermarking of digital geospatial datasets: a review of technical,legal and copyright issues

Gathering data accounts for more than 80% of the cost of any GIS project. Fast Internet connections and digital datasets threaten the investments of data producers through data piracy. Outside the GIS community this problem has been known for a long time, and possible solutions exist for digital imagery, formatted text, 3D meshes and so on, showing possible links to typical spatial data. This is largely achieved through embedding hidden information in a dataset without producing perceptible changes in the data, a process known as watermarking. The producer can recover the embedded information on request in order to produce evidence of ownership in a court, so the overall strategy relies on a legal basis rather than technical ones. This paper analyses the state-of-the-art for watermarking protection in digital geographical datasets. Digital imagery is demonstrably a more mature area than geographical information, even with multiple commercial vendors offering watermarking protection. 2D vector and point datasets have received less attention from the research community; however, 3D meshes have been considered by the CAD community and a handful of techniques are available for that case, and they are reviewed here.     

A new methodology for measuring coastline recession using buffering and non‐linear least squares estimation

Coastline recession is one of the best indicators of coastal erosion. Three methods for computing coastline recession – the baseline approach, the dynamic segmentation approach and the area‐based approach – have been used, each of which has one or more drawbacks. To overcome these problems, a new methodology for measuring coastline recession is proposed, using buffering and non‐linear least squares estimation. The proposed method was compared with the three existing methods with respect to two simulated cases and two real coastlines. Test results confirmed that the new method is more reliable than the three other methods, all of which are susceptible to variability of recession, scale, number of line segments, length of coastlines and direction of the baseline. The proposed method, incorporating two physically meaningful values – magnitude and variability of coastline recession according to the mean and standard deviation of coastline offsets, respectively – presents itself as an effective alternative method of assessing coastline recession.     

基于三角模糊数随机模拟的地下水环境系统综合风险评价模型

采用随机模拟方法模拟三角模糊数,把三角模糊数及函数间运算简化为普通的实数之间运算,建立基于三角模糊数随机模拟的地下水环境系统综合风险评价模型(ARA-SSTFN)。结果说明:以置信区间形式表示的ARA-SSTFN评价结果,比现有常规方法结果提供评价结果可靠性方面更多信息,能反映受多种不确定性因素综合影响的地下水环境系统综合风险评价客观实际情况;ARA-SSTFN在流域水资源、水环境和水旱灾害等有随机性、模糊性和数据资料不精确等多种不确定性因素综合作用的各种资源环境系统综合风险评价问题中有推广应用价值。     

长江源区通天河基流的计算与分析

通天河是长江源区最大干流,其径流与基流的变化基本上反映了整个源区的水文与水文地质特征.根据长江源区通天河流域的径流变化及区域水文地质条件等特征,首次选用改进加里宁方法计算了通天河直门达水文站1957-2009年实测径流量的基流;分析了该流域基流量的多年变化,研究了拐点流量Q0、退水指数α值及比例系数B值与基流量的关系....     

大庆湿地的主要类型及其污染物降解功能价值估算

以大庆市区湿地为研究对象,利用大庆地区2004年LANDSAT TM遥感图形解译数据和实地调查数据,采用地理信息系统技术(GIS),分析了大庆湿地的类型及分布特征;并选用替代法对大庆湿地进行污染物降解功能价值估算。研究表明,降解污染物功能主要是自然湿地所具有的功能,其次是人工湿地中的稻田湿地,经估算自然湿地降解污染物价值为17.90亿元,人工湿地降解污染物价值为0.017亿元,大庆湿地降解污染物价值17.92亿元。     

腾格里沙漠沙丘固定后土壤的斥水性特征研究

土壤斥水性是重要的土壤物理属性,对土壤水文过程和地貌过程有重要的影响。利用毛细上升法研究了腾格里沙漠东南缘沙丘固定后土壤的斥水性特征,分析了不同小地形、不同土壤深度和不同土壤粒径土壤的斥水性差异。结果表明,固沙植被建立后显著地改变了沙丘的土壤斥水性,且随沙丘固定时间增加而呈增强的趋势。丘间地和迎风坡的土壤斥水性大于丘顶和背风坡的斥水性。0~3 cm土层的土壤斥水性显著大于3~6 cm。随着粒径的不断增大,土壤斥水性呈减小趋势,不同粒径段土壤斥水性差异显著;且土壤斥水性与粒径分别为0~0.05 mm、0.05~0.01 mm、0.01~0.15 mm的土壤呈极显著正相关线性关系,与粒径大于0.15 mm的土壤呈显著负相关线性关系。植被区土壤斥水性的增加可能与大气降尘在固定沙丘表面不断沉积、生物土壤结皮形成,尤其是藻类和地衣的形成有关,斥水性的增强将影响到植物种在沙丘上的有效水分利用。     

Land Cover Status in the Koshi River Basin,Central Himalayas

The Koshi River Basin is in the middle of the Himalayas, a tributary of the Ganges River and a very important cross-border watershed. Across the basin there are large changes in altitude, habitat complexity, ecosystem integrity, land cover diversity and regional difference and this area is sensitive to global climate change. Based on Landsat TM images, vegetation mapping, field investigations and 3S technology, we compiled high-precision land cover data for the Koshi River Basin and analyzed current land cover characteristics. We found that from source to downstream, land cover in the Koshi River Basin in 2010 was composed of water body (glacier), bare land, sparse vegetation, grassland, wetland, shrubland, forest, cropland, water body (river or lake) and built-up areas. Among them, grassland, forest, bare land and cropland are the main types, accounting for 25.83%, 21.19%, 19.31% and 15.09% of the basin’s area respectively. The composition and structure of the Koshi River Basin land cover types are different between southern and northern slopes. The north slope is dominated by grassland, bare land and glacier; forest, bare land and glacier are mainly found on northern slopes. Northern slopes contain nearly seven times more grassland than southern slopes; while 97.13% of forest is located on southern slopes. Grassland area on northern slope is 6.67 times than on southern slope. The vertical distribution of major land cover types has obvious zonal characteristics. Land cover types from low to high altitudes are cropland, forest, Shrubland and mixed cropland, grassland, sparse vegetation, bare land and water bodies. These results provide a scientific basis for the study of land use and cover change in a critical region and will inform ecosystem protection, sustainability and management in this and other alpine transboundary basins.     

Overview of Ecological Restoration Technologies and Evaluation Systems

Ecological degradation is a global problem, and ecological restoration technologies have played and will continue to play an important role in its mitigation. However, the lack of systematic research and evaluations of ecological technologies has thus far affected their effective application in vulnerable ecological regions. This study therefore provides an overview of the main technologies for remediating soil and water erosion, desertification, and rock desertification in China and throughout the world. It addresses key issues and recommends approaches for evaluating ecological restoration technologies. Restoration technology emerged as early as 1800. Over the years such technology has changed from single objective applications to multi-purpose, multi-objective applications employing strategies that take into account ecosystem rehabilitation and integrated ecological and socioeconomic development. Along with this technological evolution, different countries have taken pertinent actions as part of their restoration initiatives. However, key issues remain, including the lack of location-specific restoration technologies and a methodological strategy to assess and prioritize existing technologies. This study proposes a four-level analytical hierarchical framework in conjunction with an indicator system that highlights the establishment and adaptation of associative indicators, while also recommending a three-phase evaluation method (TheMert), targeting TheMert to qualitative (quick and extensive) and quantitative (detailed) evaluations in order to select the most appropriate restoration technologies available. This study can also be used as a basis for understanding the evaluation and prioritization of restoration technologies, while increasing the awareness of decision makers and the public on the role of technology in restoring degraded ecosystems.