土壤中污染物迁移转化规律的数值模拟研究

考虑到田间土壤的结构性以及运移其中的污染物的化学反应特征,建立了两区双点平衡/动力学吸附溶质运移模型。用拟交替显隐式有限差分格式对模型进行了离散,通过编制的相应程序,对一施药期的水田进行了模拟。研究了土壤中污染物的迁移转化规律,分析了不可动水和非平衡吸附相对浓度分布的影响。结果表明：不可动区水相和非平衡吸附相的浓度具有的滞后现象,在污染前期一定程度上起到了延缓污染作用,而在污染后期又在一定程度上加重了污染。二者的存在均对溶质的迁移转化具有重要的影响,进行数值模拟时应充分考虑二者的存在。模拟及分析结果为土壤环境质量评价提供了定量依据,同时对环境污染的治理与控制具有理论和现实意义。     

固定化海藻对金属离子解吸效果实验的研究

论文研究了固定化海带吸附含铜、镉溶液的解吸过程。结果表明:在所选的HCl,HNO3,Na2CO3,NaHCO3四种解吸剂中,HCl,HNO3均有一定的解吸效果,但HC l比HNO3更适合做解吸剂。当解吸剂盐酸的浓度为0.1m o l.L-1时,解吸率最大。     

有机质对城市污染河道沉积物铵态氮吸附-解吸的影响

采集污染程度不同的城市河道沉积物(通吕运河、濠河和通甲河),在分析H2O2对沉积物有机质和铵态氮影响的基础上,分析沉积物在去除有机质前后铵态氮释放动力学和吸附热力学过程,研究城市污染河道沉积物有机质对铵态氮吸附-解吸的影响.结果表明:单位体积H2O2对有机质去除率随H2O2使用量增多而降低;去除有机质后,沉积物铵态氮含量显著增加,通吕运河、濠河和通甲河铵态氮最大含量分别是有机质去除前的4.16、3.55和2.85倍;沉积物对铵态氮的饱和吸附量随有机质含量减少而下降;沉积物铵态氮释放过程均表现为先快速释放,后减缓至平衡过程;去除有机质后,随着有机质含量的减少,沉积物铵态氮的最大释放量呈增大趋势;沉积物有机质和铵态氮含量是影响沉积物铵态氮释放的主要因素.     

煤层气解吸时间的确定

煤层气的解吸、扩散是煤层气藏一个关键的内边界条件。本文应用数学方法通过对这一过程的刻划、描述,导出了有关煤层气解吸时间的概念,并提出了利用图解法确定煤层气解吸时间的方法,有助于在煤层气勘探、开发过程中正确理解与测定这一重要参数。      

吸附态轻烃的解吸与分析

吸附态轻烃是沉积岩层中轻烃的主要赋存状态之一,主要来源于油气藏轻烃源,其吸附的物理化学状态及组成和含量上的特征代表着极其丰富和重要的地球化学信息,采用不同的方法和手段使沉积岩样品中的吸附态轻烃解吸出来,然后分析其组成和含量,就可以从不同的角度来了解和认识样品所对应层位及下伏地层的含油气信息。     

Optimization of preparative separation and purification of total polyphenols from Sargassum tenerrimum by column chromatography

Polyphenols from the ethanol extracts of Sargassum tenerrimum (ST) with potent antiallergic effects were studied to optimize separation process through column chromatography. The adsorption and desorption characteristics of three widely used adsorbents: macroporous resin, silica gel, and polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP), were critically evaluated respectively and studied for the optimization of preparative separation of polyphenols. Static operations on these adsorbents showed that macroporous resin had the best adsorption and desorption capability among the three adsorbents. Dynamic adsorption and desorption with macroporous resin packed column were also conducted to optimize the parameters such as: with the optimal values shown in brackets, the concentration of extract solution (4 times diluted), pH value (6–7), adsorption speed (3 BV h⁻¹, bed volumes/per hour), concentration of ethanol (80%), elution speed (3 BV h⁻¹) and elution volume (7 BV). The chromatographic process so optimized gave a purity of 62.43% from the crude polyphenols, providing a promising basis for large scale preparation of bioactive polyphenols upon further scaling up tests.     

Optimization of Preparative Separation and Purification of Total PolyphenoJs from Sargassum tenerrimum by Column Chromatography

Polyphenols from the ethanol extracts of Sargassum tenerrimum （ST） with potent antiallergic effects were studied to optimize separation process through column chromatography. The adsorption and desorption characteristics of three widely used adsorbents： macroporous resin, silica gel, and polyvinylpolypyrrolidone （PVPP）, were critically evaluated respectively and studied for the optimization of preparative separation of polyphenols. Static operations on these adsorbents showed that macroporous resin had the best adsorption and desorption capability among the three adsorbents. Dynamic adsorption and desorption with macroporous resin packed column were also conducted to optimize the parameters such as： with the optimal values shown in brackets, the concen- tration of extract solution （4 times diluted）, pH value （6-7）, adsorption speed （3BVh-1, bed volumes/per hour）, concentration of ethanol （80%）, elution speed （3 BV ht） and elution volume （7 BV）. The chromatographic process so optimized gave a purity of 62.43% from the crude polyphenols, providing a promising basis for large scale preparation of bioactive polyphenols upon further scaling up tests.     

滨海沙滩石油污染物吸附与释放的实验研究

在胶州湾海域石油污染调查的基础上,选择滨海沙质滩涂作为研究对象,采用自行设计的小型波浪槽模拟试验装置,测定沙土对可溶性油吸附和释放的动力学曲线,并系统分析波浪高度、潮汐作用和海水循环对可溶性油的吸附和释放作用的影响.研究结果表明,沙土对可溶性油的吸附符合对数型的动力学曲线,其吸附平衡时间约为10 h;沙土释放的可溶性油浓度随时间具有一定的波动性.此外,在高波作用下,沙土对可溶性油的吸附速率、吸附量和释放速率、释放量都更加明显.     

凹凸棒石缓释钾肥的制备及缓释效果研究

以凹凸棒石为缓释载体,研究凹凸棒石缓释钾肥的制备条件,并以其吸附时间、K+初始浓度与吸附量的关系,确定K+吸附量最大时的K+初始浓度缓释效果。用pH=5的HCl溶液和(Ca2++Mg2+)浓度为1.6mmol/L,3.2mmol/L,6.4mmol/L,12.8mmol/L,19.2mmol/L,25.6mmol/L的混合溶液对凹凸棒石缓释肥进行解吸。结果表明:凹凸棒石对K+的吸附量在30min内达到平衡,单位质量凹凸棒石对K+的最大吸附量为13.97×10-3;pH=5的HCl溶液对K+的解吸率最小,随解吸溶液中(Ca2++Mg2+)浓度增加,解吸率增大,凹凸棒石对K+的解吸过程符合Elovich方程,解吸速率远小于吸附速率;以pH=5的HCl溶液对凹凸棒石缓释钾肥进行动态解吸和静态解吸实验,动态解吸得出的解吸率较静态解吸的解吸率低,解吸液为450ml时,动态解吸和静态解吸的解吸率分别为35.5%和50.3%,前者能更真实地反应凹凸棒石缓释钾肥的缓释效果;该凹凸棒石是钾肥良好的缓释载体。