膨润土、高岭石对锌的吸附和解吸

本文研究了膨润土和高岭石对Zn~(2+)的吸附和解吸。结果表明,所得到的吸附Zn~(2+)量的资料适合Freudlich和Langmuir方程,与CEC(阳离子交换量)呈正相关,Mg质粘土矿物略高于Ca质。这是由于阳离子水化度不同所致。从Ca质的膨润土和高岭石解吸Zn~(2+)状况看,粘粒表面解吸下来的Zn~(2+)数量与其吸附量呈正相关。经连续解吸后,高岭石粘粒表面吸持的Zn~(2+)量占解吸量的百分数高于膨润土。表明高岭石与Zn~(2+)亲和力高于膨润土。     

Retention and release of methane in underground coal workings

Summary During an investigation to study the gas flow characteristics of coal, adsorption and desorption rates of methane from powdered coal samples were measured. From adsorption tests, it was found that the capacity of coal to hold methane varies significantly with gas pressure. For pressures up to 4.14 MPa (600 psi) the amount of gas adsorbed was still rising and monomolecular saturation was not reached. Results of desorption tests were used to test three equations suggested by previous investigators to measure the quantity of desorbed gas. It was confirmed that no single equation would define adequately the complete desorption process. Changes of regime appeared to exist at desorption times of 100 s and, to a lesser extent, 1000 s following the initial release of ambient gas pressure. A hypothesis was advanced that initial flow was inhibited or choked by an efflux of desorbing gas molecules. This was followed by a short transitional period and a longer term regime of free flow with reduced resistance offered by the flow paths.     

Mutual effects of fluoride and phosphate on their adsorption and desorption in fluoride-contaminated softs

Phosphate is one of the important nutrients for plant growth. In acidic and highly weathered soils, phosphate is ready to adsorb on Al and Fe oxides and transform into sparsely soluble Fe-P and Al-P solid phases, greatly reducing phosphate bioavailability. Aluminum and iron oxides in soils are important sinks for both phosphate and fluoride. In acidic soils, fluoride adsorption can dramatically facilitate dissolution of Al- and Fe-containing phases, which may influence the distribution and migration of both pollutants and nutrients including phosphate. To date, little information is available on mutual effects of fluoride and phosphate in fluoride-contaminated acidic soils. The objective of this study is to evaluate mutual effects of fluoride and phosphate on their adsorption/desorption in red soil, collected fi＇om Yingtan, Jiangxi Province, China, using a batch equilibrium method. The following results and conclusions were obtained. In heavily fluoride-contaminated soils, the adsorption of both fluoride and phosphate decreases with an increase in solution pH. Phosphate adsorption decreases progressively with increasing concentration of fluoride, suggesting that fluoride competes with phosphate for adsorption sites.     

Desorption of zinc by kaolin from Suzhou, China

Heavy metals in soils may adversely affect environmental quality. This paper studied the influence of copper concentration, pH, temperature, and the ratio of solid to solution on the desorption of Zn in kaolin from Suzhou, China in a background solution of 0.01M CaC12 by batch extraction experiments. At 0, 5, 50, 100 mg/L Cu concentrations, for each 0.5, increase in pH between about 1.80 and 3.04 percent desorption decreasing by 3.80%, 13.87%, 9.97%, and 7.65%, respectively. The pH 50 （ pH at 50% Zn desorption） was found to follow the sequence of Cu （5mg/L, pH 50=2.60）.     

Seasonal variations of adsorption/desorption equilibrium concentrations of P at water-sediment interface in different trophic states of Taihu Lake, China

Sediment from three different trophic states （Meiliang Bay, Xukou Bay and Gonghu Bay） in spring, summer, autumn and winter were collected and analyzed in Taihu Lake. At the same time, seasonal variations in adsorption/desorption equilibrium were investigated with corresponding sediments from these three trophic states, including adsorption efficiency, adsorption/desorption equilibrium concentration and equilibrium adsorption quantity. Variations of TP and P fractions＇ concentrations in the initial and end of adsorption experiment were also documented in order to find the most active P fractions. The following conclusions were obtained： （1） Concentrations of total phosphorus （TP） and its fractions in the sediments were coincided with the trophic state of corresponding overlying water, Meiliang Bay〉Gonghu Bay〉Xukou Bay. The Meiliang Bay located in the north of Taihu Lake is in the eutrophic state and belong to alga-type lake; the Xukou Bay located in the northeast of Taihu Lake is relatively clean lake region; the Gonghu Bay is located in the east of Taihu Lake is in the meso-trophic state. Fe-P concentrations in the Meiliang Bay, Gonghu By and Xukou Bay account for 35.1%-70.9%, 19.6%-26.8%, 16.5%-34.3% of TP, Ca-P account for 20.6%-43.7%, 40.7%-45.0%, 23.0%-41.1% and OP accounts for 15.3%-20.2%, 28.4%-37.4%, 23.6%-54.3%, which changes obviously in different seasons. Fe-P is the major fraction in the eutrophic lake region, which is significantly correlated with the TP concentrations. （2） Adsorption and desorption processes in these three lake regions varied with season.     

Effect of incubating plant cuticles in soil on their sorptive capabilities

Sorption and desorption are the major processes influencing the fate of hydrophobic organic compounds （HOCs） in soils. Among the natural sorbents in the environment, soil organic matter （SOM） plays a significant role in the overall sorption of many organic compounds. Recently, several reports have emphasized the role of aliphatic-rich sorbents in the binding of HOCs. The main source of aliphatic compounds for SOM is biopolymers derived from above- and below-ground plant cuticular matter. The plant cuticle is a thin layer of predominantly lipid material that covers all primary aerial surfaces of vascular plants. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of decomposition and transformation of plant cuticles on their sorption behavior with triazine herbicides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs）. Sorption-desorption behavior was studied during 12 months of incubation of cuticles isolated from tomato fruits and pummelo leaves in sandy soil. Sorption and desorption experiments and spectroscopic and chemical analyses were performed using the samples after 0, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months of incubation. The decomposition of the cuticles （46-49% after 12 months） did not affect the organic carbon-normalized Freundlich distribution coefficient （KFOC） for the PAHs. In addition, throughout the incubation period, the two PAHs exhibited linear and reversible sorption isotherms with both cuticles. However, the isotherms of the triazines were significantly affected by the decomposition of the cuticles from pummelo leaves, whereas only minor changes were recorded for the tomato cuticle samples. For the microcosm with cuticles from the pummelo leaves, the KFOC values of the triazines increased with increasing decomposition.     

Biosorption studies on shelled Moringa oleifera Lamarck seed powder: Removal and recovery of arsenic from aqueous system

The present study explores the unexploited sorption property of the shelled Moringa oleifera seeds (SMOS) for decontamination of arsenic from water bodies. Sorption studies (batch experiments) result into the standardization of optimum conditions for removal of 60.21% As(III) and 85.60% As(V) as follows: biomass dosage (2.0 g), metal concentration (25 mg/L), contact time (60 min) and volume of the test solution (200 ml) at pH 7.5 and 2.5, respectively. The adsorption data are fitted with Langmuir isotherm. Surface area has been measured using BET surface area analyzer. Morphological changes observed in scanning electron micrograph of native and treated SMOS indicates the existence of biosorption process. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry of exhausted seed biomass highlights protein/amino acid–arsenic interactions responsible for sorption phenomenon. Regeneration has also been attempted for several cycles with a view to restore the sorbent to its original state. The sorption capacity of the regenerated biomass remained almost constant after three cycles of sorption process, suggesting that the lifetime cycle was sufficient for continuous application. The findings open up new avenues in the decontamination of arsenic using SMOS from arsenic contaminated water, as domestic and environment-friendly safe technology.     

高煤阶煤储层解吸曲线定量表征及解吸参数研究

为了定量研究煤层气井解吸特征,文章通过煤样解吸实验获取解吸曲线并进行拟合回归得到了煤样解吸曲线定量表征公式。结果表明：煤样解吸曲线可以用来定量表征;解吸体积常数可表征煤样的最大解吸量,解吸时间常数表征解吸气体体积达到最大解吸气体积一半时所用的解吸时间;煤样初始解吸速率等于解吸体积常数与解吸时间常数之比,煤样解吸速率随着解吸体积常数增加而增加,随着解吸时间常数增加而降低。解吸时间常数与吸附时间成线性正相关关系,解吸时间常数越大,煤样解吸速率越小;在工程上可以用解吸体积常数代替解吸气量和残余气量之和;解吸时间常数随气体压力和裂缝指数增加而降低,随镜质组、惰质组含量增加而先增加后降低,与粘土矿物含量关系不明显;解吸体积常数随气体压力、惰质组含量增加而增加,与粘土矿物含量关系不明显,随着镜质组含量增加而降低,随裂缝指数先降低后增加。     

苏州城市河道底泥对磷酸盐的吸附与释放特征

为了探讨苏州古城区河道底泥对磷酸盐的吸附-释放特征,文中分别从改变上覆水的pH值、底泥吸附-释放动力学和等温吸附实验三个方面进行了研究。结果表明:(1)随着上覆水pH值的增大,苏州河道底泥对磷的吸附量逐渐减小;(2)底泥对磷的吸附过程是一个复合动力学过程,通常包括快吸附和慢吸附两个过程。底泥对磷的快速吸附在2h内快速进行,之后为慢吸附过程,到6h左右,基本达到一种动态吸附平衡;底泥对磷释放的动力学过程也包括快释放和慢释放过程。底泥释放磷在1·5h内快速进行,之后进入慢释放过程,磷酸盐含量基本稳定,达到释放平衡;(3)底泥具有较大的吸附磷的能力。随着上覆水的磷酸盐浓度增高,底泥吸附磷酸盐的量也增加。上覆水与底泥的比值越大,底泥对磷的吸附率越小。     

新疆页岩气调查井准页2井钻井施工技术及问题探讨

准页2井是新疆国土资源系统首批施工的页岩气调查井之一。该井设计井深1700 m,实际完钻井深1617.18 m,取心井段岩心采取率达到100%,工程质量完全满足地质要求。该井出气情况良好,钻井施工技术较为成功。从钻井设备的选择依据,井身结构,取心钻具、钻头的选择使用情况,钻进技术参数,钻井液的使用情况等方面详细介绍了准页2井的钻井施工技术。同时,对施工中存在的技术和安全施工的问题进行了必要的分析探讨。