Na+对河流溶解性物质解吸规律影响的试验研究

以Ca2+解吸总量和解吸平衡溶液的pH值作为溶解性物质解吸的特征指标,采用静态试验方法,初步研究了解吸溶液中的Na+对溶解性物质解吸规律的影响。结果表明,颗粒物成分和粒径相同时,随着解吸溶液中Na+初始浓度的升高,溶解性物质解吸总量逐渐增大,并趋于一极大值,溶解性物质解吸总量的增加值逐渐减小;颗粒物成分相同而粒径不同或颗粒物粒径相同而成分不同时,同一Na+初始浓度下,溶解性物质解吸总量不等。解吸溶液中Na+初始浓度相同时,对于不同种类的溶解性物质,其解吸总量随颗粒物成分或粒径变化的规律不同。颗粒物成分和粒径相同时,在同一Na+初始浓度下,不同种类溶解性物质的解吸过程具有较好的伴随特性。     

潞安—晋城矿区煤层气采收率分析

根据煤田地质瓦斯资料和煤层气参数井测试成果，分析了潞安－晋城（新区）矿区主煤储层的平均含气量、饱和度、临界解吸压力、理论采收率以及煤层甲烷解吸率、可解吸量等数据，得出本区主煤储层平均解吸率约为38％，高于全国其它地区。     

化探热释烃方法机理及影响因素

对热释烃的分析机理和地形、地貌、层位、样品岩性对热释烃测试结果的影响进行了探讨,并通过方法实验选取了热释烃最佳分析测试条件.     

湿地土壤草根层对铅、镉吸附与解吸的动力学研究

利用柱实验对向海湿地土壤草根层吸附与解吸铅、镉的动力学特征进行了研究。结果表明，土壤草根层吸附镉的动力学过程符合Elovich吸附速率方程、双常数速率方程、抛物线扩散方程，吸附铅的动力学过程符合双常数速率方程、抛物线扩散方程，说明草根层吸附铅、镉的过程是一个反应速率和扩散因子综合控制的过程；实验条件下，Pb^2 、Cd^2 的吸附动力学特性较好，但解吸动力学特性很差。说明湿地土壤草根层对铅、镉均有较强的吸持能力，可阻挡重金属离子向深层土壤的迁移，减少了深层土壤中重金属的汇集。     

Displacement behavior of CH4 adsorbed on coals by injecting pure CO2, N2, and CO2–N2 mixture

Gas adsorption isotherms of Akabira coals were established for pure carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and nitrogen (N₂). Experimental data fit well into the Langmuir model. The ratio of sorption capacity of CO₂, CH₄, and N₂ is 8.5:3.5:1 at a lower pressure (1.2 MPa) regime and becomes 5.5:2:1 when gas pressure increases to 6.0 MPa. The difference in sorption capacity of these three gases is explained by differences in the density of the three gases with increasing pressure. A coal–methane system partially saturated with CH₄ at 2.4 MPa adsorption pressure was experimentally studied. Desorption behavior of CH₄ by injecting pure CO₂ (at 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, and 6.0 MPa), and by injecting the CO₂–N₂ mixture and pure N₂ (at 3.0 and 6.0 MPa) were evaluated. Results indicate that the preferential sorption property of coal for CO₂ is significantly higher than that for CH₄ or N₂. CO₂ injection can displace almost all of the CH₄ adsorbed on coal. When modeling the CH₄–CO₂ binary and CH₂–CO₂–N₂ ternary adsorption system by using the extended Langmuir (EL) equation, the EL model always over-predicted the sorbed CO₂ value with a lower error, while under-predicting the sorbed CH₄ with a higher error. A part of CO₂ may dissolve into the solid organic structure of coal, besides its competitive adsorption with other gases. According to this explanation, the EL coefficients of CO₂ in EL equation were revised. The revised EL model proved to be very accurate in predicting sorbed ratio of multi-component gases on coals.     

Retention and release of methane in underground coal workings

Summary During an investigation to study the gas flow characteristics of coal, adsorption and desorption rates of methane from powdered coal samples were measured. From adsorption tests, it was found that the capacity of coal to hold methane varies significantly with gas pressure. For pressures up to 4.14 MPa (600 psi) the amount of gas adsorbed was still rising and monomolecular saturation was not reached. Results of desorption tests were used to test three equations suggested by previous investigators to measure the quantity of desorbed gas. It was confirmed that no single equation would define adequately the complete desorption process. Changes of regime appeared to exist at desorption times of 100 s and, to a lesser extent, 1000 s following the initial release of ambient gas pressure. A hypothesis was advanced that initial flow was inhibited or choked by an efflux of desorbing gas molecules. This was followed by a short transitional period and a longer term regime of free flow with reduced resistance offered by the flow paths.     

Mutual effects of fluoride and phosphate on their adsorption and desorption in fluoride-contaminated softs

Phosphate is one of the important nutrients for plant growth. In acidic and highly weathered soils, phosphate is ready to adsorb on Al and Fe oxides and transform into sparsely soluble Fe-P and Al-P solid phases, greatly reducing phosphate bioavailability. Aluminum and iron oxides in soils are important sinks for both phosphate and fluoride. In acidic soils, fluoride adsorption can dramatically facilitate dissolution of Al- and Fe-containing phases, which may influence the distribution and migration of both pollutants and nutrients including phosphate. To date, little information is available on mutual effects of fluoride and phosphate in fluoride-contaminated acidic soils. The objective of this study is to evaluate mutual effects of fluoride and phosphate on their adsorption/desorption in red soil, collected fi＇om Yingtan, Jiangxi Province, China, using a batch equilibrium method. The following results and conclusions were obtained. In heavily fluoride-contaminated soils, the adsorption of both fluoride and phosphate decreases with an increase in solution pH. Phosphate adsorption decreases progressively with increasing concentration of fluoride, suggesting that fluoride competes with phosphate for adsorption sites.     

Desorption of zinc by kaolin from Suzhou, China

Heavy metals in soils may adversely affect environmental quality. This paper studied the influence of copper concentration, pH, temperature, and the ratio of solid to solution on the desorption of Zn in kaolin from Suzhou, China in a background solution of 0.01M CaC12 by batch extraction experiments. At 0, 5, 50, 100 mg/L Cu concentrations, for each 0.5, increase in pH between about 1.80 and 3.04 percent desorption decreasing by 3.80%, 13.87%, 9.97%, and 7.65%, respectively. The pH 50 （ pH at 50% Zn desorption） was found to follow the sequence of Cu （5mg/L, pH 50=2.60）.     

Seasonal variations of adsorption/desorption equilibrium concentrations of P at water-sediment interface in different trophic states of Taihu Lake, China

Sediment from three different trophic states （Meiliang Bay, Xukou Bay and Gonghu Bay） in spring, summer, autumn and winter were collected and analyzed in Taihu Lake. At the same time, seasonal variations in adsorption/desorption equilibrium were investigated with corresponding sediments from these three trophic states, including adsorption efficiency, adsorption/desorption equilibrium concentration and equilibrium adsorption quantity. Variations of TP and P fractions＇ concentrations in the initial and end of adsorption experiment were also documented in order to find the most active P fractions. The following conclusions were obtained： （1） Concentrations of total phosphorus （TP） and its fractions in the sediments were coincided with the trophic state of corresponding overlying water, Meiliang Bay〉Gonghu Bay〉Xukou Bay. The Meiliang Bay located in the north of Taihu Lake is in the eutrophic state and belong to alga-type lake; the Xukou Bay located in the northeast of Taihu Lake is relatively clean lake region; the Gonghu Bay is located in the east of Taihu Lake is in the meso-trophic state. Fe-P concentrations in the Meiliang Bay, Gonghu By and Xukou Bay account for 35.1%-70.9%, 19.6%-26.8%, 16.5%-34.3% of TP, Ca-P account for 20.6%-43.7%, 40.7%-45.0%, 23.0%-41.1% and OP accounts for 15.3%-20.2%, 28.4%-37.4%, 23.6%-54.3%, which changes obviously in different seasons. Fe-P is the major fraction in the eutrophic lake region, which is significantly correlated with the TP concentrations. （2） Adsorption and desorption processes in these three lake regions varied with season.