Geochemical significance of hydrocarbons desorbed from asphaltenes

Saturate hydrocarbon fractions desorbed (cleaned) from asphaltenes extracted and separated from two core samples (a tar sand and a reservoir sandstone sample) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results indicated thatn-alkanes adsorbed in asphaltenes were kept quite well during and after severe biodegradation over 360 Ma. Hydrocarbon desorption could be an alternative method of, or even better than the pyrolysis of asphaltenes to reconstruct the hydrocarbon fingerprints of primary oils and extend the understanding of the origins of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Project supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Research Center of Tarim Petroleum Exploration and Development.     

INHIBITOR EFFECTS ON THE ANODIC BEHAVIOR OF IRON ELECTRODES

ImODUcrIONItisWellknownthatinmostcasesaninhibitorcanproteCmetaIsfromcorrosiononlybyforInjngonthemetalsuffoceanadsorbedinhibitor1ayerWhichisolatesthemetalfromthecorrosivemediumorchangesthecormsionreaCtionmeCanism,sothisadsorbedinhibitorlayer'sstabllityisboortantforinhibition.OIilyinhibitorswhichadsorbstabIyonmetalsurfacecanhaveexeellentperformance.ManyfaCtorscanaffedthestabilityoftheadsorbedinhibitorlayerfchdricalstrUc-tureoftheinhibitor,stateofmetalsurface,sortSandconcentrationoftherela…     

厦门湾沉积物对石油的吸附解吸规律研究

为了研究海洋沉积物对0#柴油配制的石油溶液的吸附解吸规律,采集了厦门湾15个站点的沉积物作为研究对象,分析了沉积物的主要理化特征之后,在实验室条件下,以SS5号站点沉积物为代表,模拟沉积物对石油的吸附-解吸过程,测定了沉积物对石油吸附、解吸的动力学曲线和吸附等温线.研究结果表明：沉积物对石油的吸附的平衡时间为0.76 h,解吸的平衡时间为7.8 h,沉积物对石油的吸附速率高于解吸速率,并且石油被沉积物吸附以后不会完全解吸出来.沉积物对石油的吸附等温线具有线性规律,接近理想吸附.研究还表明：沉积物对石油的吸附量与石油的浓度,沉积物粒径等因素有关.     

大亚湾营养物质变异特征

利用大亚湾现场调查和室内模拟数据,以及大亚湾生态网络17～18年8个航次的现场调查资料,采用营养状态质量指数(NQI)的方法评价大亚湾海域富营养化水平,结果表明,大亚湾海域除部分养殖海区为中营养状态外,大部分为贫营养状态;溶解态的无机磷和硅在过去10a多有较大幅度的下降,而溶解态的无机氮、溶解氧和叶绿素a则上升;浮游植物生长由过去认为由氮控制转变为现在由磷控制.分析了养殖海区底层海水、上覆水、沉积物间隙水中营养盐的含量及其化学形态.估算了沉积物-海水界面营养盐扩散通量,NH₄+,NO₂-,NO₃-,HPO₄2-,H₄SiO₄平均通量分别为302.0,-0.06,-1.82,2.53,47.6μmol/(m2·d).室内模拟了天然海水体系表层沉积物营养盐的吸附-解吸及其磷酸盐在沉积物上的吸附等温线.论述了大亚湾海域营养盐与赤潮的关系.     

中国部分煤储层解吸特性及甲烷采收率

根据常压下的解吸实验和煤层气参数井实测数据分析,我国煤的解吸特笥变化较大,解吸率主要受煤层埋深及煤级的影响。最侍解吸深度一般在４００～６００ｍ之间,镜质体反射率小于３％时,随煤级的升高而增大;大于３％时,则相反。我国煤储层的吸附时间长短琚煤级没有特定关系,但在某些地区工层的含气量高低有关,甲烷含量低则吸附时间长,尤其是小于８ｍ＾３／ｔ时急剧增长。从现有资料看,我国煤储层的吸附时间一般不超达９ｄ。煤     

大亚湾养殖海区沉积物中营养盐的解吸-吸附

研究了天然海水体系大亚湾养殖海区表层沉积物营养盐的解吸 -吸附规律。结果表明 :沉积物中磷酸盐和硅酸盐解吸 2h基本达到平衡 ,而铵盐、硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐 0 5h内基本达到平衡 ;各营养盐的解吸随pH值 (小于 8)降低而增大 ,随pH值 (大于 8)升高略有增加 ;盐度仅在低于 1 0时对各营养盐的解吸有影响。研究了磷酸盐在沉积物上的吸附等温线。     

Electron transport and precipitation at Mercury during the MESSENGER flybys: Implications for electron-stimulated desorption

To examine electron transport, energization, and precipitation in Mercury's magnetosphere, a hybrid simulation study has been carried out that follows electron trajectories within the global magnetospheric electric and magnetic field configuration of Mercury. We report analysis for two solar-wind parameter conditions corresponding to the first two MESSENGER Mercury flybys on January 14, 2008, and October 6, 2008, which occurred for similar solar wind speed and density but contrasting interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) directions. During the first flyby the IMF had a northward component, while during the second flyby the IMF was southward. Electron trajectories are traced in the fields of global hybrid simulations for the two flybys. Some solar wind electrons follow complex trajectories at or near where dayside reconnection occurs and enter the magnetosphere at these locations. The entry locations depend on the IMF orientation (north or south). As the electrons move through the entry regions they can be energized as they execute non-adiabatic (demagnetized) motion. Some electrons become magnetically trapped and drift around the planet with energies on the order of 1–10 keV. The highest energy of electrons anywhere in the magnetosphere is about 25 keV, consistent with the absence of high-energy (>35 keV) electrons observed during either MESSENGER flyby. Once within the magnetosphere, a fraction of the electrons precipitates at the planetary surface with fluxes on the order of 10⁹ cm⁻² s⁻¹ and with energies of hundreds of eV. This finding has important implications for the viability of electron-stimulated desorption (ESD) as a mechanism for contributing to the formation of the exosphere and heavy ion cloud around Mercury. From laboratory estimates of ESD ion yields, a calculated ion production rate due to ESD at Mercury is found to be on par with ion sputtering yields.     

温度对页岩吸附解吸的敏感性研究

页岩气的赋存方式主要是吸附,使吸附在页岩储层内表面的天然气解吸出来是提高页岩气井产量的最终目标。为了使吸附在页岩储层内的天然气完全地被采出来,提出了升温加速解吸的方法来提高页岩气采收率。通过室内吸附与解吸实验,对4块页岩岩心分别进行了不同温度下的等温吸附量与解吸量测定,分析影响页岩储层吸附量与解吸量的主要因素,研究提高储层温度来加速解吸页岩储层CH4吸附量的适应性。研究结果表明,页岩的吸附能力与页岩的有机碳含量和有机成熟度密切相关,随着页岩有机碳含量以及有机成熟度的提高,页岩的吸附能力增加。不同温度的吸附与解吸实验表明,温度越高,页岩的吸附能力越低,随着温度的升高,页岩气的解吸量增大。升温可以提高页岩气的解吸时间、解吸速度以及提高页岩气最终采收率。提高页岩储层温度进行加速解吸是一种提高页岩气产量的好方法,可以对页岩气藏开采和开发理论提供一定的指导意义。     

页岩气藏数值模拟及井底压力动态分析

为研究页岩气藏生产过程中井底压力动态及影响因素,基于质量守恒定律,考虑解吸和压力敏感系数,建立页岩气藏双孔双渗数学模型,对数学模型差分离散得到数值模型并求解;分析解吸、兰氏体积、兰氏压力、吸附时间、压力敏感系数等对井底压力双对数曲线的影响.结果表明:吸附气解吸使压降速率变缓且较晚触到边界;兰氏体积或兰氏压力越大,井底压力双对数曲线的下凹部分越明显;吸附时间常数越短,扩散效果越好,越容易达到整体径向流段;压力敏感系数越大,双对数曲线上翘越明显.该研究结果对页岩气藏开发具有指导意义.