基于MapReduce的空间数据并行划分算法

针对海量空间数据分布式存储中存在的不顾及空间邻近性、分布不均和数据倾斜的问题,基于MapReduce并行编程模型,对Hilbert空间曲线层次分解的思想和节点容量感知的方法进行了研究,提出了一种层次分解的空间数据并行划分策略,并通过临界值判定实现空间数据的均衡存储。最后通过实例分析说明该方法可以在保证空间数据邻近特性的同时,解决海量空间数据分布式存储不均和数据倾斜的问题。     

“多规合一”信息平台架构设计——以南京市为例

"多规合一"是党和国家近年来积极推进的改革措施,是推进城市治理体系和治理能力现代化的有力抓手。"多规合一"信息平台是科学开展"多规合一"工作,促进部门规划数据共享共建、加强各规划编制过程衔接的重要技术支撑。在当今智慧城市建设如火如荼,"天地图""互联网+政务服务"等政府改革措施大力推进的背景下,"多规合一"信息平台应当如何构建,如何有效衔接既有智慧城市成果,是一项需要综合考虑的问题。本文以南京市为例,在深入梳理国内典型城市"多规合一"信息平台建设经验的基础上,从数据架构、业务架构、应用架构、技术架构4个方面全面开展"多规合一"信息平台架构设计,以期为后续其他城市信息平台的建设实施提供指导。     

新一代高速对向观测数字水准尺仪的发明与实践

水准测量一直是获得地面点精密高差的重要手段,其测量速度慢、效率低也一直是困扰全球测量界的一大难题。为了提高水准测量的速度和效率,本文提出了新一代高速对向观测数字水准尺仪的概念、结构、原理与方法。具体采用水准仪与标尺合二为一的一体化结构设计,将传统水准测量的3点互动配置改变为2点互动配置来提高测站仪器安置速度和地形适应能力;采用对偶测量原理将传统水准测量的单向单系统测量改变为对（双）向双系统测量来提高水准测量的精度及可靠性;采用正交二脚架及L型水准器来提高水准标尺及水准仪的安平速度。理论分析及初步实践表明：新一代高速对向观测数字水准尺仪与传统水准仪相比,水准测量效率可提高1倍以上,是目前世界上最快速、最智能、最精密的电子水准测量系统。高速对向观测数字水准尺仪的发明,将对全球大地及工程测量界产生重大及颠覆性的影响,将开启人类社会普及电子水准仪的新时代。     

SVLBI用于大地测量的卫星轨道及其跟踪网设计

SVLBI （space very long baseline interferometry） has some important potential applications in geodesy and geodynamics, for which one of the most difficult tasks is to precisely determine the orbit of an SVLBI satellite. This work studies several technologies that will possibly be able to determine the orbit of a space VLBI satellite. Then, according to the types and charac- teristics of the satellite and the requirements for geodetic study and the geometry of the GNSS （GPS, GALILEO） satellite to track the space VLBI satellite, the six Keplerian elements of the SVLBI satellite （TEST-SVLBI） are determined. A program is designed to analyze the coverage area of space of different altitudes by the stations of the network, with which the tracking network of TEST-SVLBI is designed. The efficiency of tracking TEST-SVLBI by the network is studied, and the results are presented.     

Ocean tide loading (OTL) displacements from global and local grids: comparisons to GPS estimates over the shelf of Brittany, France

In this paper we examine OTL displacements detected by GPS stations of a dedicated campaign and validate ocean tide models. Our area of study is the continental shelf of Brittany and Cotentin in France. Brittany is one of the few places in the world where tides provoke loading displacements of ∼10–12 cm vertically and a few cm horizontally. Ocean tide models suffer from important discrepancies in this region. Seven global and regional ocean tide models were tested: FES2004 corrected for K2, TPXO.7.0, TPXO.6.2, GOT00.2, CSR4.0, NAO.99b and the most recent regional grids of the North East Atlantic (NEA2004). These gridded amplitudes and phases of ocean tides were convolved in order to get the predicted OTL displacements using two different algorithms. Data over a period of 3.5 months of 8 GPS campaign stations located on the north coast of Brittany are used, in order to evaluate the geographical distribution of the OTL effect. We have modified and implemented new algorithms in our GPS software, GINS 7.1. GPS OTL constituents are estimated based on 1-day batch solutions. We compare the observed GPS OTL constituents of M₂, S₂, N₂ and K₁ waves with the selected ocean tide models on global and regional grids. Large phase-lag and amplitude discrepancies over 20° and 1.5 cm in the vertical direction in the semi-diurnal band of M₂ between predictions and GPS/models are detected in the Bay of Mont St-Michel. From a least squares spectral analysis of the GPS time-series, significant harmonic peaks in the integer multiples of the orbital periods of the GPS satellites are observed, indicating the existence of multipath effects in the GPS OTL constituents. The GPS OTL observations agree best with FES2004, NEA2004, GOT00.2 and CSR4.0 tide models.     

测量控制网优化设计的可靠性准则法

测量控制网优化设计与网的精度、可靠性、灵敏度以及费用等准则有关,但这些准则之间的关系又十分密切,本文提出了一种基于观测值内部可靠性指标的测量控制网模拟法优化设计新方法,介绍了其原理和特点,并用实例说明了用该方法的计算步骤和优化效益。     

遥感图像线性影纹理解专家系统设计与实现

线性影纹信息是遥感图像中的一类重要信息,线性影纹信息自动提取是遥感图像智能解译的重要研究领域。笔者采用基于特征对象的专家系统技术来完成线性影纹信息的简单类别提取,设计并实现了线性影纹理解专家系统;阐明了系统结构,解译规则获取、表达,基于消息的不确定性推理机及解释机的设计;最后利用系统做了线性影纹类别提取实验,结果表明基于特征对象的专家系统用于线性影纹类别自动提取是切实可行的,并具有较高的提取精度。     

空间数据库辅助设计系统的探析与实现

地理信息标准化是很漫长的道路,在实践中常常由于规范性的缺乏而带来很多问题.本文试从提高数据字典的通用性、灵活性和可维护性角度出发,提出了通用基础地理信息数据字典系统的概念,并从规范数据生产过程的角度出发,产生了建立一套全新独立的、由向导生成的数据字典建库方案流程的思路.最后根据以上思路研制开发了空间数据库辅助设计系统.     

建筑物沉降监测专家分析系统设计与开发

建筑物沉降监测数据分析与处理是一项较复杂的系统工程,本文从自动化处理观点出发,介绍了设计沉降监测专家分析系统的咨询新理念和主体思想,探讨了开发选用的数学模型与开发过程,以期为相关变形监测与分析提供帮助和启示.