Optimal weakening and damping using polynomial control for seismically excited nonlinear structures

This paper presents an approach for the optimal design of a new retrofi t technique called weakening and damping that is valid for civil engineering inelastic structures.An alternative design methodology is developed with respect to the existing ones that is able to determine the locations and the magnitude of weakening and/or softening of structural elements and adding damping while insuring structural stability.An optimal polynomial controller that is a summation of polynomials in nonlinear states is used...     

最不利设计地震动研究

实际记录到的真实地震动在工程结构的抗震研究、分析和设计中往往作为一种施加到结构上使结构振动，直至破坏的地震荷载．如何合理选择真实的地震动记录作为研究结构地震反应的输入，一直是国内外抗震研究和设计中引人关注的重要问题．本文首先提出了最不利设计地震动的概念；然后在收集到的国内外5000余条被认为有重要意义的地震动记录基础上，利用综合估计地震动潜在破坏势的方法，对４种场地类型分别给出了长周期、短周期和中周期结构的国内外最不利设计地震动；最后通过几类不同结构的地震反应分析，初步验证了本文所确定的最不利设计地震动的可靠性和合理性．      

松散堆积体工程边坡变形机理分析及支护对策研究

合理选择开挖坡比、正确认识变形破坏机理是影响松散堆积体边坡稳定性和施工安全的前提, 本文研究了西南地区某松散堆积体工程边坡的结构特征, 根据地形条件确定了合理的开挖坡比, 采用二维有限元研究了开挖边坡的变形机理并根据模拟结果确定潜在滑动面, 在此基础上, 提出支护对策。研究结果表明, 边坡由厚度达70m 的坡洪积、泥石流块碎石堆积体组成, 斜坡下部缓中部稍陡, 开挖平台位于缓坡部位, 根据地形条件结合坡体结构特征确定边坡开挖坡比为1: 0. 75; 数值模拟结果表明, 边坡变形开挖面附近及坡顶拉应力和坡体下部最大剪应力控制, 坡顶部位将首先产生拉张裂隙, 开挖边坡内部产生从坡脚部位向上发展的剪切变形, 滑面一旦与坡顶拉裂缝贯通, 边坡将产生整体失稳; 边坡采用锚拉桩、锚索框架、锚杆框架、排水相结合的综合治理措施进行支护。     

Improving the efficiency of ant algorithms using adaptive refinement: Application to storm water network design

The ant algorithm is a new evolutionary optimization method proposed for the solution of discrete combinatorial optimization problems. Many engineering optimization problems involve decision variables of continuous nature. Application of the ant algorithm to the optimization of these continuous problems requires discretization of the continuous search space, thereby reducing the underlying continuous problem to a discrete optimization problem. The level of discretization of the continuous search space, however, could present some problems. Generally, coarse discretization of the continuous design variables could adversely affect the quality of the final solution while finer discretization would enlarge the scale of the problem leading to higher computation cost and, occasionally, to low quality solutions. An adaptive refinement procedure is introduced in this paper as a remedy for the problem just outlined. The method is based on the idea of limiting the originally wide search space to a smaller one once a locally converged solution is obtained. The smaller search space is designed to contain the locally optimum solution at its center. The resulting search space is discretized and a completely new search is conducted to find a better solution. The procedure is continued until no improvement can be made by further refinement. The method is applied to a benchmark problem in storm water network design discipline and the results are compared with those of existing methods. The method is shown to be very effective and efficient regarding the optimality of the solution, and the convergence characteristics of the resulting ant algorithm. Furthermore, the method proves itself capable of finding an optimal, or near-optimal solution, independent of the discretization level and the size of the colony used.     

Sea-level rise and flooding in coastal riverine flood plains

Abstract

This work presents a method for calculating the contributions of sea-level rise and urban growth to flood risk in coastal flood plains. The method consists of hydraulic/hydrological, urban growth and flood-damage quantification modules. The hydraulic/hydrological module estimates peak annual flows to generate flood stages impacted by sea-level rise within flood plains. A model for urban growth predicts patterns of urbanization within flood plains over the period 2010–2050. The flood-damage quantification module merges flood maps and urbanization predictions to calculate the expected annual flood damage (EAFD) for given scenarios of sea-level rise. The method is illustrated with an application to the Tijuana River of southern California, USA, and northwestern Mexico, where the EAFD is predicted to increase by over US$100 million because of sea-level rise of 0.25–1.0 m and urban growth by the year 2050. It is shown that urbanization plays a principal role in increasing the EAFD in the study area for the range of sea-level rise considered.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz

Citation Garcia, E.S. and Loáiciga, H.A., 2013. Sea-level rise and flooding in coastal riverine flood plains. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 59 (1), 204–220.     

Development and utilization of a national web-based chronology of hydrological events/Développement et utilisation sur internet d’une chronologie nationale d’événements hydrologiques

Abstract

Abstract The Chronology of British Hydrological Events (CBHE) has been created as an on-line information resource (http://www.dundee.ac.uk/geography/cbhe/) in order to enhance access to and use of historical facts pertaining to British hydrological phenomena. Its scope covers floods, droughts and all other notable historical phenomena of hydrological interest. This paper sets out the technical means by which the CBHE has been created, explains the benefits to hydrologists in creating such a facility, and illustrates its utility with a number of examples. Benefits include hydrological risk assessments, historical studies of individual events and objectives in environmental education. The scope for establishing comparable national chronologies for other countries is identified, along with prospects for enhancing the utility of such systems with additional functionality such as links to on-line gazetteers and maps.     

Response surface-based robust geotechnical design of supported excavation – spreadsheet-based solution

ABSTRACT

The robust geotechnical design (RGD) approach which involves optimization to obtain a design that is safe, cost-efficient, and robust in the face of uncertainties, can be computationally challenging for complex geotechnical structures. In this study, the RGD approach has become practical by introducing a response surface as a surrogate to finite element- or finite difference-based computer code that is used for analyzing the system, and developing a fast algorithm for the optimization process. For demonstration purposes, a real-world supported excavation project is designed using this modified RGD approach and it is compared with the one designed by a local expert.     

辽宁省“十五”数字化地磁数据分析系统

依据台站“十五”数字化地磁工作需求,结合地磁学科组运行管理的相关技术要求,研发辽宁省“十五”数字化地磁数据分析系统.该软件采用IDL作为开发语言,Oracle 10g数据库管理数据,主要包含用户管理模块、日志管理模块和数据管理模块3部分,具备数据实时处理、快速成像、操作简便、安全稳定等特点,可以有效解决目前台站地磁数据...     

动态城市交通网络优化模型研究及算法设计

在城市交通网络中,行车路线所耗时间是用户关心的关键因素之一.本文构建了基于时间因素的城市交通网络模型,为反映交通网络随时间动态变化的特性,网络模型中弧的权重是和时间统计变量相关.本文设计了交通网络模型算法,并对算法进行了详细的论述.针对实际交通网络的行驶线路选择人群中乐观型、保守型和折中型,给出了路线选择的简化模型.文...     

黎平双江电站水库暴雨洪水设计

该文选用参证站资料的方法,对黎平县双江电站水库1954—2021年近68 a来逐年最大日降水量采用PearsonⅢ型研究方法和贵州省暴雨洪水计算公式进行研究。结果表明：黎平双江电站水库年最大日降水量年变化呈上升趋势,2010年以后上升趋势较显著。暴雨洪水设计以H_1d=119.29 mm、C_v=0.47、C_s/C_v=3.5作为研究成果,防洪标准按50 a一遇的暴雨洪水设计成果为P=2.0%,日最大降水量=277 mm、洪峰流量=2509 m³·s^-1;洪水校核按500 a一遇的暴雨洪水设计成果为P=0.2%,日最大降水量=391 mm、洪峰流量=3905 m³·s^-1;消能防冲设计标准按30 a一遇的设计成果为P=3.3%,日最大降水量=252 mm、洪峰流量=2209 m³·s^-1。研究成果对黎平双江电站水库预防灾害性强降水、安全渡汛和水库优化调度、提高产能具有十分重要...