强夯法处理巴德格雷天然气处理厂沙漠地基

文章所述工程为土库曼斯坦国天然气处理厂,地处卡拉库姆沙漠腹地,采用强夯法进行地基处砬,经检测,各项技术指标完全符合设计要求,在工期极为紧张的条件下,顺利完成了地基处理工作,取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益。该工程的成功实施为沙漠地区的工程建设提供了有益的借鉴作用。     

沙漠能源生态圈概念、内涵及发展模式

沙漠地区既是中国重要的能源基地,也是生态环境脆弱区和发展落后地区,如何在保护沙漠生态环境的前提下,充分开发利用沙漠丰富资源,同时又带动地区经济发展和改善民生?首先基于生态学、管理学、自然地理学、系统科学等相关理论,结合国内外沙漠能源开发及沙漠治理、生态修复等方面最新研究进展,运用能源互联网思维,构建了包涵沙漠治理、生态...     

甘肃河西中部地区“87.6”罕见暴雨成因分析

对１９８７年６月１０日２０时至１２日０２时发生在甘肃省河西走廊中部荒漠戈壁地区罕见暴雨天气过程的大尺度环流形势和天气系统的分析表明，南支低槽发展东移，与之对应的地面冷锋侵入柴达木低涡，两者相互作用，共同发展东移，加之河西走廊低空东风气流的形成并输送大量的水汽和不稳定能量，是造成河西大范围普降大－暴雨的主要天气尺度系统；而锋面移入，触发不稳定能量释放，导致中尺度强对流系统发展，是直接造成金昌市罕见局地大暴雨的中尺度系统。     

GPS在无控制区测定控制网起始点研究

介绍在西部荒漠无国家控制点区应用GPS技术测定控制网起始点研究情况,并对所取得测量成果的可靠性,达到的水平及所获得的效益进行分析.     

沙区植物生态位构建的数学模型及其应用研究

生态位构建理论是对生态位研究的新进展.以沙区植物梭梭为研究对象,从进化生态学角度探讨了沙区植物生态位构建机理,扩展了生态位构建的概念,建立了沙区植物种生态位的n维"超体积"构建模式、构建作用的动力学模型及适宜度计测公式.实例分析表明:梭梭的生态位构建作用主要表现在干旱环境的适应性特征上,它能改变和营建局部环境,其多枝的形态结构与叶面生理代谢特征,能有效地截留降水、富集养分在根部土壤中发育为肥岛.计算结果显示,在种植密度梯度上,随着营林密度的减少,其构建动力和适宜度呈上升趋势,试验条件下密度为518株*hm-2时具有最大的构建动力和最高适宜度值,这为梭梭人工林营建提供了定量依据.     

半干旱荒漠草原覆盖区地气测量方法研究—以内蒙古维拉斯托锌铜多金属矿床为例

半干旱荒漠草原是我国重要的地貌景观类型,由于长期受风成沙的干扰,常规化探方法在该区找矿效果不理想。本文以位于内蒙古半干旱荒漠草原覆盖区的维拉斯托锌铜多金属矿为研究对象,进行了地气测量实验。同时,为筛选地气组分中的有效指示元素,对矿石矿物进行了采样分析。结果表明该矿区矿石矿物主要为闪锌矿、黄铜矿、磁黄铁矿、毒砂,成矿元素主要为Cu、Zn、Ag、As、Fe,部分矿石中Pb、Bi、Cd、Mn、Ni含量较高。地气组分中异常元素种类与矿石成矿及伴生元素一致,且异常位置与隐伏矿体基本吻合。地气与矿石、围岩的稀土元素（REE）球粒陨石标准化配分图解显示,异常区地气REE配分特征与矿石接近,说明地气成分继承了隐伏矿体的地球化学信息。以上研究证明地气测量可作为半干旱荒漠草原覆盖区寻找隐伏锌铜多金属矿的有效手段。     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF WATER PERCOLATION AND MOVEMENT IN A SYSTEM OF LONGITUDINAL DUNES,WESTERN NEGEV,ISRAEL

Subsurface lateral flow has previously been identified in dune areas where the average annual rainfall exceeds 200 mm. Very little is known about subsurface flow in sandy deserts with less than 100 mm of rainfall per year. The present study deals with the water regime in a system of longitudinal dunes in the Negev desert. Sixteen boreholes were dug, down to a depth of 6 m, across a sandy ridge and the adjacent corridor. Soil moisture and water movement were monitored with a neutron probe during two consecutive years. The first year had been relatively wet and in the following year the rainfall was slightly lower than the long-term average. The data obtained show that in an average year water percolation is limited to 60 cm with no lateral water movement. Deeper percolation, in the range 180–400 cm, occurs in response to rainy spells with about 100 mm of cumulative rain within two months. The process involves subsurface lateral flow and water movement by the piston effect. The lateral flow, on the flanks of the dune, is explained by differences in hydraulic conductivities within the sloping layers. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

塔里木大沙漠工程地质勘察初步研究

本文从沙漠的地形特征,岩土体及地下水分布特征探讨了沙漠地区工程地质勘察的特点。最后指出了勘察的四个阶段及特点。     

Locally modified surface winds on linear dunes as derived from directional raingauges

The study deals with local airflow patterns induced by 12–16 m high, partly vegetated dunes, under various prevailing wind conditions. Detailed empirical data were derived by means of an unconventional use of directional raingauges. The utility and accuracy of the method have been previously tested in a combined empirical and numerical study over ridges on a similar scale. Results are presented on the nature, extent and intensity of locally modified patterns of surface flow and on their dependence on wind conditions and slope inclination. Results may serve to verify or refine existing perceptions or models of the flow affecting sand movement over dunes. For example, deflected surface wind flow and even stationary vortices were found to form under winds with resultant angles of incidence of only 5–10° relative to the axes of the dunes, and on slopes inclined only 12–15°, i.e. lower angles than often assumed in previous studies of dune morphology. Various effects of the resulting surface flow on the dune ecosystem are also referred to, e.g. the distribution of settling dust and seed dispersal. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.