基于钙均衡估算黄龙钙华沉积速率的探讨

从黄龙钙华的成因研究出发,结合地质历史分析及长观资料对核心景区景观水系统的相对稳定性作出了评价。通过对景观水中钙离子及其它组分含量在时间及空间上变化特征的分析研究,揭示了钙离子含量在时间上的相对稳定以及在空间上自上游而下逐渐降低的规律,这为采用钙均衡模式来研究钙华堆积区内的年沉积量提供了重要保证。在此基础上,进一步通过同位素测年、物探、测绘等综合手段对钙华堆积区内的历史与现代的平均沉积速率进行系统研究,并与前人的研究成果对比,验证了钙均衡模型的可行性和可靠性。计算结果表明,黄龙核心景区钙华的平均沉积速率为1～ 4. 86mm /a。      

河流侵淤作用下三维地层模型的构建

基于钻孔数据的多层DEM构模技术是构建沉积环境下三维地层模型的有效方法,但该方法对在河流的侵蚀和淤积交替作用下形成的地层建模效果并不理想。针对这种缺陷,对传统的建模流程加以改进,充分考虑到河流侵蚀作用对地层的切割影响,在建模的过程中对地层层面进行了两次插值与高程调整,使在钻孔附近地层的尖灭处理更为自然与合理。应用实例表明,该方法的建模结果非常接近于实际地层分布情况,从而验证了该方法的可靠性。     

泌阳凹陷下第三系构造特征与沉积体系

在深入研究泌阳凹陷大量岩心、测井和地震资料的基础上,证实泌阳凹陷具有独特的盆地结构样式和形成机制。南侧及东侧盆地主控断裂发育区为陡坡生长断裂型层序分布区,北侧为典型的缓坡型层序样式,相似于墨西哥湾生长断层层序地层模式。通过对层序体系域构成具有重要控制作用的独特的构造背景条件分析,建立了泌阳凹陷断陷湖盆层序地层模式,认为泌阳凹陷断陷湖盆完整的陆相层序体系域具有四分性:低水位体系域、水进体系域、高水位体系域及水退体系域。分析了主要含油层段下第三系核桃园组地层发育三种类型的三角洲沉积砂体：扇三角洲、近源三角洲和远源三角洲,并对其储集性能进行了分析比较。     

Tectonic, eustatic and environmental controls on mid-Cretaceous carbonate platform deposition, south-central Pyrenees, Spain

Cenomanian–Turonian strata of the south‐central Pyrenees in northern Spain contain three prograding carbonate sequences that record interactions among tectonics, sea level, environment and sediment fabric in controlling sequence development. Sequence UK‐1 (Lower to Upper Cenomanian) contains distinct lagoonal, back‐margin, margin, slope and basin facies, and was deposited on a broad, flat shelf adjacent to a deep basin. The lack of reef‐constructing organisms resulted in a gently dipping ramp morphology for the margin and slope. Sequence UK‐2 (Upper Cenomanian) contains similar shallow‐water facies belts, but syndepositional tectonic modification of the margin resulted in a steep slope and deposition of carbonate megabreccias. Sequence UK‐3 (Lower to Middle Turonian) records a shift from benthic to pelagic deposition, as the shallow platform was drowned in response to a eustatic sea‐level rise, coupled with increased organic productivity. Sequences UK‐1 to UK‐3 are subdivided into lowstand, transgressive and highstand systems tracts based on stratal geometries and facies distribution patterns. The same lithologies (e.g. megabreccias) commonly occur in more than one systems tract, indicating that: (1) the depositional system responded to more than just sea‐level fluctuations; and (2) similar processes occurred during different times throughout sequence development. These sequences illustrate the complexity of carbonate platform dynamics that influence sequence architecture. Rift tectonics and flexural subsidence played a major role in controlling the location of the platform margin, maintaining a steep slope gradient through syndepositional faulting, enhancing slope instability and erosion, and influencing depositional processes, stratal relationships and lithofacies distribution on the slope. Sea‐level variations (eustatic and relative) strongly influenced the timing of sequence and parasequence boundary formation, controlled changes in accommodation and promoted platform drowning (in conjunction with other factors). Physico‐chemical and climatic conditions were responsible for reducing carbonate production rates and inducing platform drowning. Finally, a mud‐rich sediment fabric affected platform morphology, growth geometries (aggradation vs. progradation) and facies distribution patterns.     

Mineralogical and elemental variation of coal from Alberta, Canada: an example from the No. 2 seam, Genesee Mine

Mineralogy and elemental contents were determined on 18 samples from a vertical profile of the No. 2 seam, Genesee mine, AB. The samples analyzed consist of coal, coaly shale, shaly coal, carbonaceous shale, shale, mudstone and siltstone. Proximate analysis was determined on all samples. Elemental analyses were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) for all elements except As, B, Cd, Hg, Mo, Pb, Se (Atomic Absorption) and B, Ba, Be, Co, Cr, Cu, Li, Mn, Nb, Sr and V (inductively coupled plasma-emission spectroscopy, ICP-ES). Samples were low temperature ashed (LTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) were used to determine quantitative major mineralogy. Accessory mineralogy was determined with Scannining Electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (SEM/EDX) on four samples. In general, the coals in the Genesee mine are within the low end of the range for trace element contents given by Swaine [Swaine, D.J., 1990. Trace Elements in Coal. Butterworths, London, 278 pp.] for most coals. High contents of Cr (9–2620 ppm) and Ni (1–1440 ppm) can be related to an increased amount of a Cr–Ni–Fe oxide (chromite–magnetite?) likely derived from ultrabasic diatremes in the Golden-Columbia Icefields, BC area. The No. 2 seam of the Genesee mine can be divided into two geochemical cycles on the basis of mineralogy, trace element contents and rare earth element (REE) behavior. Cycle I consists of quartz, calcite and kaolinite, lower trace element contents, REE slightly enriched in high rare earth elements (HREE), and thick coal with few partings. Cycle II consists of quartz, calcite, kaolinite, illite, mixed layer and/or expandable lattice clays, feldspar, gypsum, calcium aluminum sulfate hydrate, clinoptilolite, calcite and diopside, higher trace element contents, REE slightly enriched in light rare earth elements (LREE) and thin coal with a greater frequency of partings. The differences between the two geochemical cycles can be accounted for by a decreasing stability of the peat-forming environment resulting from an increasing fluvial influence and volcanogenic input.     

华南泥盆系研究中的几个地层问题

简要总结我国泥盆系研究进展的基础上 ,提出华南区泥盆系除滨海相沉积外 ,浅海相沉积可区分出象州型、北流型、南丹型、崇左型 4种基本的相型沉积 ,各自均有特定的岩石组合、生物群特征 ,反映各自特定的沉积环境 ,应分别建立相应的地层柱。如继续保留华南区泥盆系建阶方案 ,泥盆系底部有待重行建阶 ,Emsian阶宜三分 ,与之时限相当的阶 ,自下而上为郁江阶、二塘阶、四排阶     

塔里木盆地西北缘震旦纪构造-沉积演化特征

本文在对塔里木盆地西北缘震旦系开展野外地质剖面实测工作及室内研究基础上,结合区域构造背景分析认为,塔里木盆地西北缘下震旦统苏盖特布拉克组发育河流相、湖泊相、滨海相及三角洲相碎屑岩沉积,上震旦统奇格布拉克组发育局限台地潮坪亚相、台内滩亚相碳酸盐岩沉积,底部发育混积潮坪相沉积。根据震旦系地层岩石组合特征及C同位素演化趋势,将震旦系划分为3个Ⅲ级层序：ZSQ Ⅰ、ZSQ Ⅱ和ZSQ Ⅲ,每个层序顶部分别对应一个不整合面。在此基础上建立塔里木盆地西北缘震旦纪拉张性裂谷沉积模式,并划分为3个构造沉积演化阶段：初始拉张阶段,对应于早震旦世早期,沉积一套粗碎屑岩堆积;快速拉张阶段,对应于早震旦世晚期,沉积一套湖相、滨海相、三角洲相砂岩,泥岩沉积,同时伴随玄武岩喷发;稳定沉降阶段,对应于晚震旦世,形成碳酸盐岩台地沉积。     

白布勘探区龙潭组沉积环境及成煤条件分析

贵州大方县白布勘探区煤系地层龙潭组为海陆交互相沉积,厚度177～211m,含煤21～36层,煤层总厚18.04～30.29m,可采煤层6层。根据岩性、岩相特征自下而上分为3段,下段为潟湖—潮坪相沉积,并在大部分地区形成泥炭沼泽,形成了可采的33、28号煤层;中段为三角洲相,泥岩沼泽相多在三角洲分流河道间的湖沼区及湖波浪带基础上发育而成,煤层层位稳定,厚度不大;上段为潮坪三角洲相,该期构造活动趋于平稳,形成的煤层层位稳定,厚度大,6中煤0.39～6.88m,7号煤0～3.09m。三段厚度比较接近,反映该区晚二叠世期间地壳沉降均衡。沉积环境差异是本区成煤条件的主要控制因素。     

Evolution of Pleistocene travertine depositional system from terraced slope to fissure-ridge in a mixed travertine-alluvial succession (Jebel El Mida,Gafsa, southern Tunisia)

The Quaternary stratigraphic record of Jebel El Mida, composed of continental deposits, is a useful example of concomitant travertines and alluvial deposition in an extensional setting. Travertine deposition occurred in a faulted Pleistocene alluvial fan giving rise to seven (recognised) facies interfingering with five other alluvial ones. The travertine depositional events indicate a tectonically driven evolution from terraced slope (facies group FC1–FC6) to a travertine fissure ridge-type depositing phase (facies group of FC1–FC7). Interfingering between travertine and alluvial facies indicates the co-existence of adjacent and time-equivalent depositional environments. The travertine deposition resulted from deep origin hydrothermal fluids channelled along damaged rocks volumes associated to a regional fault system, named as the Gafsa Fault (GF). The travertine–terrigenous succession in Jebel El Mida highlights the major role played by the GF in controlling: (i) the hydrothermal fluid flow, still active as also indicated by the numerous thermal springs aligned along the fault zone; (ii) paleoflow directions, discharge locations, volume, rate and fluctuations of the water supply. The paleoclimatic correlation with adjacent localities reveals that, at that time, humid episodes could have contributed to the recharge of the hydrothermal system and to the deposition of alluvial sediments.     

The study of deep water submarine reservoir in Bangle Bay Basin

Although the huge potential of the Bangle Bay Basin has been proven by a series of discoveries, recent drilling and other studies still have not demonstrated the mechanism of hydrocarbon accumulations in Bangle Bay Basin because of the low exploration degree and less geological data available. So, it is difficult to identify and predict the distribution patterns of the main gas reservoir by now. Based on a review of previous work and the latest exploration activities in the study area, the depositional environment and reservoir distribution had been discussed, and thereby assess the location of reservoir–seal couplets for the purposes of stratigraphic traps identification and prospect evaluation within the study area. This paper has also discussed the sequence stratigraphic framework, depositional environment, and facies features by using the biostratigraphic, geochemical analyses and wireline, image logs data. Various broad depositional environments and depositional subsettings have been identified or updated, meanwhile some new environment modeling had been proposed. In this article, reservoir geology study had been conducted after regional depositional feature analysis. Reservoir architecture had been summarized as mouthbars, submarine canyon fill, submarine channels, and levees. Most prospective reservoir intervals identified within the study area are in the Lower Pliocene, Upper Pliocene, and Lower Pleistocene formations.