中国海及邻域岩石圈三维密度分布

利用中国海及邻域的 2 0× 2 0网格密度异常和 15′× 15′的网格平均布格重力异常 ,采用约束最小二乘方法反演 ,得到了中国海及邻域岩石圈内六个层面上 15′× 15′的密度分布结果 .反演结果表明 :(1)中国海及邻域岩石圈密度极不均匀 ,反映了区内强烈的构造活动特征 ;(2 )层内密度分布与大地构造有明显的相关性 ,不同的构造单元存在着密度差异 ,断裂带表现为密度异常梯级带 .     

沙丘表面沙土密度分布特征及其成因

沙土是存在于干旱、半干旱地区的一种特殊性土,其岩土工程性质与风沙环境紧密相关。沙丘表面沙土物质成分均一,比重一致,但密度的离散性很大。观测表明,新月形沙丘迎风坡密度较大,但中部存在一个低密度区,落沙坡密度最小,接近该类沙丘沙样的最小干密度。线性沙丘上,则是沙丘脊部沙土的密度最大,接近该类沙丘沙样最大干密度,两腰部密度较小。沙丘表面沙土密度分布特征与风沙流结构和沙丘表面压力关系极为密切。     

人工地震横波地质勘察——查明复杂、疑难地质问题的新方法

人工横波地震是工程物探的一种新技术，但由于理论上存在一些误区，在工程实践中给地质解释带来一定困难。正确理解和计算横波波速是解决这个问题的首要任务，利用多次叠加时动校正的速度能量团计算横波速度比较可靠，该技术的应用已成功地解决了一些疑难复杂地质问题。准确的横波波速计算可使横波勘探得到更好地推广和应用，为工程设计和建设提供可靠的地质资料。     

多波AVA地层参数反演

以Zoeppritz方程为基础，对多波AVA地层岩性参数反演进行探讨。根据给出的多层水平介质理论模型和实际多波地震资料，以广义线性反演作为数学工具，分别利用P－P波、P－SV波及P波与P－SV波联合进行了地层P波速度、S波速度及密度的反演。理论模型计算证明了该方法的正确性，并进一步验证了该方法对噪声有一定的抗干扰能力。实际多波数据计算结果也说明该方法可从多波地震记录反演得到较为准确的地层岩性参数。     

Estimation of 2-D and 3-D Fracture Densities from 1-D Data - Experimental and Field Results

2-D and 3-D densities of fractures are commonly used in mining safety design, natural gas and oil production in fractured reservoirs, and the characterization of subsurface flow and transportation systems in fractured rocks. However, many field data sets are collected in 1-D frequency (f) (e.g., scanlines and borehole data). We have developed an ARC/ INFO-based technology to calculate fracture frequency and densities for a given fracture network. A series of numerical simulations are performed in order to determine the optimal orientation of a scanline, along which the maximum fracture frequency of a fracture network can be obtained. We calculated the frequency (f) and densities (both D1 and D2) of 36 natural fracture trace maps, and investigated the statistical relationship between fracture frequency and fracture density D1, i.e. D1=1.340f+ 0.034. We derived analytical solutions for converting dimensional density (D1) to non-dimensional densities (D2 and D3) assuming that fracture length distribution f     

The Early Palaeozoic Break-up of Northern Gondwana: Sedimentology, Physical Volcanology and Geochemistry of a Submarine Volcanic Complex in the Bavarian Facies Association, Saxothuringian Basin, Germany

Ordovician volcano-sedimentary successions of the Bavarian facies association in the Saxothuringian basin record the continental rift phase of the separation of the Saxothuringian Terrane from Gondwana. An 80 m succession from the Vogtendorf beds and Randschiefer Series (Arenig-Middle Ordovician), exposed along the northern margin of the Münchberg Gneiss Massif in northeast Bavaria, were subjected to a study of their sedimentology, physical volcanology and geochemistry. The Randschiefer series previously has been interpreted as lavas, tuffs, sandstones and turbidites, but the studied Ordovician units include four main lithological associations: mature sandstones and slates, pillowed alkali-basalts and derivative mass flow deposits, trachyandesitic lavas and submarine pyroclastic flow deposits interbedded with turbidites. Eight lithofacies have been distinguished based on relict sedimentary structures and textures, which indicate deposition on a continental shelf below wave base. The explosive phase that generated the pyroclastic succession was associated with the intrusion of dykes and sills, and was succeeded by the eruption of pillowed basalts. Debris flow deposits overlie the basalts. Ordovician volcanism in this region, therefore, alternated between effusive and explosive phases of submarine intermediate to mafic volcanism.

Based on geochemical data, the volcanic and pyroclastic rocks are classified as basalts and trachyandesites. According to their geochemical characteristics, especially to their variable concentrations of incompatible elements such as the High Field Strength Elements (HFSE), they can be divided into three groups. Group I, which is formed by massive lavas at the base of the succession, has extraordinarily high contents of HFSE. The magmas of this group were probably derived from a mantle source in the garnet stability field by low (ca. 1%) degrees of partial melting and subsequent fractionation. Group II, which comprises the pillow lavas at the top of the sequence, displays moderate enrichment of HFSE. This can be explained by a slightly higher degree of melting (ca. 1.6%) for the primary magma. Group I and II melts fractionated from their parental magmas in different magma chambers. The eruption centres of Groups I and II, therefore, cannot be the same, and the volcanic rocks must have originated from different vents. The sills and pyroclastic flow deposits of Group III stem at least partly from the same source as Group I. Rocks of Group I most likely mixed together with Group II components during the formation of the Group III flows, which became hybridised during eruption, transportation and emplacement.

The sedimentological and geochemical data best support a rift as the tectonic setting of this volcanism, analogous to modern continental rift zones. Hence, the rift-associated volcanic activity preserved in the Vogtendorf beds and Randschiefer Series represents an early Ordovician stage of rift volcanism when the separation of the Saxothuringian Terrane from Gondwana had just commenced.     

Scanline Method to Determine the Fractal Nature of 2-D Fracture Networks

A previous method proposed to measure the fractal dimension of pore spaces is adapted and modified for 2-D fracture networks. The method relies on scanning a 2-D fracture network through successive straight lines from top to bottom and measuring the distance between two fractures. The fractal dimension is then obtained using the log–log plot of the feature size and the number of features for this particular size at different magnifications. It is shown in this study that the method proposed to measure the fractal dimension of porous structures can be applicable to 2-D fracture networks with some modifications after testing it on synthetic and natural fracture patterns. The method is simplified to be useful for practical applications in the fractal analysis of fracture networks. The results reveal that, on the basis of the direction of scanning lines, different fractal behavior and dimensions can be obtained indicating that 2-D fracture networks possess multifractal character. This approach takes into account the effect of fracture orientation on the fractal behavior and anisotropic nature of fracture networks as well as the fracture density, length, and spatial distribution.     

三江地区重力场特征和岩石圈构造

利用重力、地震层析成像等多种资料 ,并利用场分离、正反演以及阻尼最小二乘法、约束最小二乘法等数学方法 ,对重力异常进行分离 ,用地震层析成像的结果作为约束进行反演 ,得到地壳上地幔不同深度的密度分布和莫霍面深度等结果。     

高密度电阻率法二维反演在工程勘探中的应用

应用高密度电阻率法二维反演方法能够提高资料解释的准确性。通过几个最小二乘法反演在工程勘探中的应用实例,说明高密度电阻率法二维反演处理的优越性。     

高浓度有机废水化学和物理法处理技术综述

介绍国内外高浓度有机废水应用化学和物理方法处理技术进展 ,通过比较各种化学和物理方法的优缺点 ,得出探讨性结论 ,即采用一种方法难以完全处理高浓度有机废水 ,需经二段或三段处理方法处理后 ,才能达到排污标准。