Prediction of peak particle velocity and peak air pressure generated by buried explosion

Summary Three sets of different formulae expressed as functions of dynamic elastic constants of rock and some design parameters involved in a buried explosion are derived explicitly for the prediction of peak particle velocity (PPV) and peak air pressure (PAP). Separate equations are derived to estimate PPV and PAP for inside, outside, and at the boundary of the crater zone. The equations incorporate the physical parameters including (i) longitudinal wave velocity, (ii) shear wave velocity, (iii) density of rock, (iv) characteristic impedance of air, (v) detonation pressure of explosive, (vi) depth of hole, (vii) radius of hole, (viii) distance of the measuring transducer. Suggested equations are tested for a few hard and medium-hard rocks. Characteristic features and important conclusions are described.     

Some aspects of cast blasting techniques for dam construction

Summary A proposal is under consideration to construct a dam on an experimental basis by a cast (or directional) blasting technique, DBT. The dam site is located at Bharari Khad, a tributary of the Sutlaz river in Himachal Pradesh. Site investigations have been completed and a large scale blast has been designed for construction of the experimental dam.The paper describes the basic design concept of DBT and application of throw and caving methods for construction of dams. The preliminary tests required to design the blasting pattern are detailed. The technique has a great potential because it reduces construction cost and time particularly in inaccessible mountain regions.     

Explosive gas pressure and work

Conclusion The inference is that work produced by an explosive tends to be a result of explosive generated gas pressure rather than the more constant shock energy.The breakage and adiabatic work respond to calculated borehole pressure relationships with a very high correlation. This indicates that the primary mechanism for rock breakage is explosive generated gas pressure.     

Response of Concrete and Masonry Dams to Ground Vibration due to Blasting

The safety and stability of concrete and masonry dams is a great concern when blasting has to be conducted close to these dams in order to construct small hydro-electric projects. There is a danger of ground vibration amplification to those residential-type buildings that are built close to these dams.

Responses of three concrete and masonry dams were measured directly by conducting a number of blasts and by monitoring vibration in the ground as well as on the dams. The amplitudes and frequencies of the motions were analysed and vibration attenuation relations were derived. These relations were used to compare the vibration levels on the dams with those in the ground.

Because of close-in construction blasts that produced high frequency ground vibrations, there was no amplification of the ground vibrations by these dams. The measured amplitudes of ground vibration were comparable to those of the dams.     

爆破振动分析预测与控制方法综述

本文系统地分析了爆破振动的分析预测和控制方法。对于分析预测,着重讨论了经验公式法、傅立叶变换分析法、小波分析法和人工神经网络法。对于爆破振动控制,介绍了爆破振动控制的方法和原理,重点分析了微差爆破、沟槽和孔排法控制爆破振动的原理。     

地下工程突水的富水优势断裂

突水是地下工程常遇到的主要和危害严重的工程地质现象。工程实例分析表明，地下工程中大的涌水和突水大多与地质结构面，特别是断裂有关。文中分析了断裂控制地下水赋存和运移的规律，以及可能导致突水的富水优势断裂的特征。由于断裂突水的复杂性和众多的影响因素，将地质机制分析、经验判断和定量指标与评价模型相结合是重要的，也是可行的。文中介绍了一种富水优势断裂的量化分级方法，讨论了相应的预测与防治工程对策。     

Productivity optimisation in weak sedimentary formations for improved coal production and roof stability—an approach

Far-field peak particle velocity (PPV) measurements were made in the roof while blasting in coal development drivages at Tandsi Mine, Western Coalfields Limited, India. The roof was fragile at this mine and was posing constant support problems for mining, resulting in low productivity. The PPV measurements have been used to decipher the damage zone in the roof. The extent of damage obtained has been compared to establish the threshold limits for the damage zone. Conversely, the maximum charge per delay that can be exploded is calculated and a suitable blast design has been recommended for maintaining the roof stability and pull. A roof vibration predictor equation has been developed that shows a consistent trend indicating that it may have future use in a similar geo-mining setup. The blast pattern recommended has reduced the damage extent, though marginally, but helped in improving pull. Critical PPV for incipient rock damage in underground coal mine development drivages under fragile roof were computed. The PPV level for incipient crack growth was found to vary from 500 to 800 mm/s while for overbreak it varied from 800 to 1200 mm/s. It was also observed that the location of cut holes, charge concentration and firing sequence were found to be responsible for the difference in their damage potential.     

某水电站聚碴坑高边墙稳定分析和加固措施研究

受大药量岩塞爆破时爆破强烈震动和强震时水压力、高速水流作用下的岩塞聚碴坑高边墙围岩稳定问题显得十分突出。在研究边墙围岩的软弱结构面的物理力学特征及其组合形式与边墙的交割关系的基础上，充分考虑皮震动荷载影响因素，选择滑体单位宽度，按视倾向下滑，应用岩体力学和工程力学的有关理论进行稳定分析计算和锚索锚固计算的研究方法，经运行实践证明是可行的。     

爆炸应力波近似处理的分析与研究

通过弹性球面波的势函数求得了爆炸应力波BSW模型中弹性球面波的径向应力、质点振速等的显式解析解，并据此通过数值模拟得出实际计算中将球面波按平面波近似处理的误差及该误差随爆源距离，泊松比等的变化而产生变化的曲线。分析结果表明：距离是影响误差的决定性因素；在此条件下，当距离大于2－5m时，弹性球面波即可近似按平面波处理，其误差不超过5％，当距离小于此范围时，误差较大。     

爆破振动在线监测系统

介绍了爆破振动在线监测系统的开发和应用,特别强调了监测系统的方案选择、性能要求和监测数据的处理等。文后还介绍和讨论了实际应用中监测到的数据。