The effect of discontinuity frequency on ground vibrations produced from bench blasting: A case study

A good number of empirical formulae and methods dealing with the analysis of the effects of blast-induced ground vibrations have been developed. The most common approach suggested for estimating the attenuation of particle velocity on the ground is to scale the distance (scaled distance, SD). This approach makes it possible to estimate the peak particle velocity when the amount of explosive charge or the distance or both are altered.Many parameters known to have an influence on particle velocity have been used for particle velocity prediction equations. Some of these parameters are maximum charge per delay, the distance between the station and shot location, burden, inelastic attenuation factor and site factors. However, the impacts of the discontinuities existing on the benches where blasts are detonated on the propagation velocity of seismic waves have not been taken into consideration in these equations.This study aims to examine the impacts of the discontinuity frequency parameter derived through geological measurements carried out on the blasting benches or nearby in a quarry mine (Supren, Eskisehir) in Turkey on the propagation of blast-induced ground vibrations. Developed based on the geological observations carried out on the benches, the model was formed by adding discontinuity frequency parameter to the particle velocity prediction model suggested by Nicholls et al. [Nicholls HR, Johnson CF, Duvall WI. Blasting vibrations and their effects on structures. Bulletin no. 656. Washington, DC: US Bureau of Mines; 1971]. In order to research the effect of the discontinuity frequency in the bench on the blast-induced ground vibrations, the relationship between the recorded peak particle velocity, scaled distance and discontinuity frequency was statistically evaluated for the site. The established relationship and the results of the study are presented.     

基于灰色关联分析的遗传神经网络在水下爆破中质点峰值振动速度预测研究

水下爆破是一个复杂的、非线性的动态能量释放过程,其涉及到的影响因素众多。为了充分利用少量的实测数据,较准确地预测水下爆破质点峰值振动速度,引入灰色关联分析理论,并结合遗传神经网络较强的非线性映射优势和全局化的搜索能力,建立基于灰色关联分析的遗传神经网络模型(GRA-GA-BP)。该模型利用灰色关联分析理论,充分挖掘小样本潜在信息特征,较合理地确定了影响爆破振动速度的主要因素,解决了神经网络在多变量复杂系统中输入变量无法自动寻优的难题,从而增强了神经网络的适应能力和稳定性。采用该模型对广东台山核电站1期工程大襟岛水下爆破开挖质点峰值振动速度进行预测,并与传统的遗传神经网络及萨道夫斯基公式预测结果进行对比,发现GRA-GA-BP模型的预测值与实测值吻合更好,预测误差更稳定。研究方法可为小样本、多因素影响下类似工程质点峰值振动速度预测提供借鉴。     

岩体隧道锚固作用分析

在工程实例中利用数值模拟方法对考虑和不考虑松动圈的岩体,在不同工况下锚杆加固前后的径向、环向应力,径向、环向位移以及锚杆轴向应力进行全面比较分析。研究锚杆和松动圈对隧洞围岩力学性质的影响,结果表明考虑和不考虑松动圈相比,洞室表面径向位移要明显大一些,而且外界载荷越大,二者的差值越大;在锚杆加固作用下环向应力峰值无论是否考虑松动圈,其出现位置都较加固前向洞壁方向移动,同时围岩径向位移在加固前后变化很大,随着外界载荷的增大,径向位移减小越明显。锚杆支护的主要作用之一是控制围岩的变形和发展,通过锚杆加固改善应力环境来提高围岩的稳定性。     

海上孤立混凝土构筑物的爆破拆除

在海洋工程中,采用爆破手段拆除海上孤立混凝土构筑物或清理孤立大块石是一种快速、有效的方法。文中详细介绍了爆破方案的确定、爆破孔网参数的设计、爆破药量的计算以及安全防护措施,对于类似工程的实施具有重要的参考价值。     

粤西某复杂环境水泥厂整体爆破拆除技术

粤西某水泥厂拟对该厂两条生产线进行整体爆破拆除。由于环境复杂，爆破规模大，施工难度很大，特别是双排水泥窑的高宽比小，采取常规底部立柱爆破切口难以使水泥窑顺利倾倒。通过选取合理的爆破参数，并以充分的预拆除配合，采取合理的爆破网路，安全、快速地完成了该水泥厂整体爆破拆除。同时，采取了一系列爆破危害综合控制措施，确保了爆破安全和环保作业。     

核电站扩建工程基坑开挖爆破振动安全控制

结合秦山核电二期扩建工程,在已运行核电站附近新扩建核电站的大型基坑开挖过程中进行爆破振动的监测与爆破振动的控制。通过理论分析与监测等多种手段对爆破振动进行有效的控制,确保了正在运行核电站的安全。所总结的减震措施经验对其他核电站的爆破振动控制具有借鉴作用。     

关于地震台站极性校正的问题

国内外的台网中总是一些台站，其极性读取似乎是由大量台站Ｐ波初动的整体分布确定的震源机制相矛盾，这些矛盾通常被作为坏读（ｂａｄ ｒｅａｄｉｎｇ）处理，造成台站的极性问题的复杂原因究竟是什么，利用ＮＥＩＣ的核爆资料，文中给出两种可能推测：台站仪器本身的不可和地震本身的复杂性。     

洛阳热电厂汽机主厂房2、3号机房爆破拆除技术

绍了采用控制爆破拆除大跨度工业厂房的施工方法，主要论述了在要求振动较小情况下，怎样控制爆破参数。     

A Practical Procedure for the Measurement of Fragmentation by Blasting by Image Analysis

Summary. The operation of a digital image analysis system in a limestone quarry is described. The calibration of the system, required in order to obtain moderately reliable fragmentation values, is done from muckpile sieving data by tuning the image analysis software settings so that the fragmentation curve obtained matches as close as possible the sieving. The sieving data have also been used to extend the fragment size distribution curves measured to sizes below the system’s optical resolution and to process the results in terms of fragmented rock, discounting the material coming from a loose overburden (natural fines) that is cast together with the fragmented rock. Automatic and manual operation modes of the image analysis are compared. The total fragmentation of a blast is obtained from the analysis of twenty photographs; a criterion for the elimination of outlier photographs has been adopted using a robust statistic. The limitations of the measurement system due to sampling, image processing and fines corrections are discussed and the errors estimated whenever possible. An analysis of consistency of the results based on the known amount of natural fines is made. Blasts with large differences in the amount of fines require a differentiated treatment, as the fine sizes tend to be the more underestimated in the image analysis as they become more abundant; this has been accomplished by means of a variable fines adjustment factor. Despite of the unavoidable errors and the large dispersion always associated with large-scale rock blasting data, the system is sensitive to relative changes in fragmentation.     

爆破荷载作用下露天矿边坡稳定性的突变研究

基于二维斜坡平面滑动失稳力学模型,引入爆破荷载因素,建立了露天爆破荷载作用下岩质边坡失稳的尖点突变理论模型。根据建立的突变模型,探讨了爆破荷载幅值和爆破荷载频率对边坡稳定性的影响规律,导出了边坡的动态自稳临界高度,并提出了失稳的判据条件,结果表明：爆破荷载幅值越大,爆破荷载频率越小,后缘裂缝深度越大,边坡失稳的可能性越高;在爆破荷载作用下,边坡的稳定程度是动态变化的,且随着应力波入射角的增大,边坡失稳破坏的可能性不断提高。以大孤山露天矿内的两处边坡为例,计算了边坡的动安全系数及动态自稳临界高度,利用边坡当前实际的稳定情况验证了提出的边坡失稳判据的合理性,为预防露天矿爆破在开挖过程中边坡岩体的动力失稳提供了一定的理论支持。