二维浅水明流的一种二阶高性能算法

为了精确求解二维浅水方程组,在由任意三角形构成的无结构网格上建立了有限体积MUSCL算法,这是文献[1]中有限体积一阶Osher格式的一类二阶推广.通过采用预测校正二步时间积分和单元内引入坡度限制,该算法在时空上均可达到二阶精度.跨单元边界的法向数值通量采用通量向量分裂公式(FVS)计算.最后,通过长江口南支潮流计算和一维瞬时溃坝模型算例来说明该格式的优良性能及在浅水流动计算中的应用.     

Parameter identification in particle models

For the simulation of the transport of dissolved matter particle models can be used. In this paper a technique is developed for the identification of uncertain parameters in these models. This model calibration is formulated as an optimization problem and is solved with a gradient based algorithm. Here adjoint particle tracks are used for the calculation of the gradient of the cost function. The performance of the calibration method is illustrated by simulations and an application to a river Rhine water quality calamity in November 1986.     

Group velocity of anisotropie waves—Part II: Conservative properties

It has been argued in Part I that traditional expression of multidimensional group velocity used in meteorology is only applicable for isotropic waves. While for anisotropic waves, it cannot manifest propagation of waves group along the trajectory of a reference wave point, and varies with rotation of coordinates. The general mathematical ex-pression of group velocity which may be used also for anisotropic waves has been derived in Part I. It will be proved that the mean wave energy, momentum and wave action density are all conserved as a wave group propagates at the general group velocity. Since general group velocity represents the movement of a reference point in either isotropic or anisotropic wave trains, it may be used to define wave rays. The variations of wave parameters along the rays in a slowly varying environment are represented by ray-tracing equations. Using the general group velocity, we may de-rive the anisotropic ray-tracing equations, which give the traditional ray-tracing equations for isotropic waves.     

二维横向各向同性介质中弹性波场差分法模拟稳定性研究

研究了二维横向各向同性介质中关于位移分量u_x,u_y与u_z的偏微分波动方程组进行三分量弹性波场有限差分法模拟的稳定性问题,分别获得了y向分量与x、z向分量正演模拟时所必须满足的稳定性条件,提供了三分量记录数字仿真稳定所需的时空离散间隔约束。     

斜压大气中尺度横波扰动的发展

为探索带状中尺度扰动发生发展的可能性及其对深厚对流云团的启动和组织作用。本文利用准动量无辐散二维模式讨论了斜压切变基流上中尺度横波扰动的发展问题。首先导出波能密度和波作用量，然后利用ＷＫＢ方法分析了波包的传播，建立波作用量方程，进而从波作用量方程出发，分别讨论了大气中各种层结下横波型扰动发展的物理背景条件。     

The variational technique of data assimilation using adjoint equations in a shallow water model

The variational technique of data assimilation using adjoint equations has been illustrated using a nonlinear oceanographic shallow water model. The technique consists of minimizing a cost function representing the misfit between the model and the data subject to the model equations acting as constraints. The problem has been transformed into an unconstrained one by the use of Lagrange multipliers. Particular emphasis has been laid on finite difference formulation of the algorithm. Several numerical experiments have been conducted using simulated data obtained from a control run of the model. Implications of this technique for assimilating asynoptic satellite altimeter data into ocean models have been discussed.     

ANALYSIS ON THE DEBRIS FLOW SURGES

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A stochastic integral equation analog of rainfall-runoff processes for evaluating modeling uncertainty

In this paper a very general rainfall-runoff model structure (described below) is shown to reduce to a unit hydrograph model structure. For the general model, a multi-linear unit hydrograph approach is used to develop subarea runoff, and is coupled to a multi-linear channel flow routing method to develop a link-node rainfall-runoff model network. The spatial and temporal rainfall distribution over the catchment is probabilistically related to a known rainfall data source located in the catchment in order to account for the stochastic nature of rainfall with respect to the rain gauge measured data. The resulting link node model structure is a series of stochastic integral equations, one equation for each subarea. A cumulative stochastic integral equation is developed as a sum of the above series, and includes the complete spatial and temporal variabilities of the rainfall over the catchment. The resulting stochastic integral equation is seen to be an extension of the well-known single area unit hydrograph method, except that the model output of a runoff hydrograph is a distribution of outcomes (or realizations) when applied to problems involving prediction of storm runoff; that is, the model output is a set of probable runoff hydrographs, each outcome being the results of calibration to a known storm event.     

线性方程组的正则化解法及其应用

在重力资料反演解释中,正则化法解线性方程组是一个行之有效的方法。这种方法的特点是引入正则化因子,求泛函极小和构组一族正则化近似并从中寻求最佳解。在求解过程中,要求对所求的解答预先有一个初步的推断解释。为此,要求对所解释的问题先进行一番研究,并对综合利用各种方法和手段所获得的先验资料进行对比,提出比较合适的基望值。本文给出了一个参数为已知的理论模型体的横剖面,与正则化法和其它线性方程解法的结果作对比,说明正则化法的有效性。文章也给出了利用正则化法对横穿吕宋岛、马尼拉海沟的一段地质地球物理剖面以及中国南黄海海域内─地质地球物理调查剖面进行反演解释的应用效果。     

Probabilistic modeling of aerated lagoons: A comparison of methodologies

Two stochastic models are developed to describe the BOD output (i.e. effluent) variation of facultative aerated lagoons in series. One of the models uses the uncertainty analysis (UA) technique and the other is based on the moment equation solution methodology of stochastic differential equations (SDE's). The former considers a second-order approximation of the expectation (SOAE) and a first-order approximation of the variance (FOAV). The SDE model considers that output variability is accounted for by random variations in the rate coefficient. Comparisons are provided. Calibration and verification of the two models are aciieved by using field observations from two different lagoon systems in series. The predictive performances of the two models are compared with each other and with another SDE model, presented in a previous paper, that considers input randomness. The three methods show similar predictive performances and provide good predictions of the mean and standard deviation of the lagoon effluent BOD concentrations and thus are considered as appropriate methodologies.