The Undoolya sequence: Late Proterozoic salt influenced deposition,Amadeus Basin,central Australia

Parts of the Late Proterozoic to Cambrian sequence along the northeastern margin of the Amadeus Basin were deposited under the influence of salt movement within the underlying Bitter Springs Formation. Later folding during the Devonian Alice Springs Orogeny and subsequent erosion has exposed salt‐influenced structures to provide a rare opportunity to observe the effects of diapiric growth on local facies and structure. Such effects are commonly only seen in seismic section. Salt withdrawal led to normal faulting and syn‐sedimentary thickening of adjacent units. The Undoolya Sequence, a previously undescribed 710 m section, was deposited within a salt‐withdrawal basin adjacent to a proposed diapiric structure. Periods of salt mobilization are recorded by syn‐depositional thickening and localized unconformities within units flanking the diapiric structure. This structure is representative of the influence salt movement had on deposition in the northeastern Amadeus Basin during the Late Proterozoic.     

江陵凹陷沙市组上段石盐包裹体测温学研究

对江陵凹陷古新统沙市组盐湖沉积中的石盐进行了包裹体显微测温和氢氧同位素测定.测试结果显示,江陵凹陷沙市组上段石盐包裹体均一温度范围为18～50℃,主要集中在22～38℃;包裹体δ18O同位素值变化范围为-1.2‰～9.7‰,均值5.1‰;δD同位素值变化范围为-91.5‰～-63.5‰,均值-79.4‰.这与当时整体热的古气候特点相吻合.同层石盐层的中下部包裹体的均一温度和氢氧同位素值均偏高,上部包裹体的均一温度和氢氧同位素值均偏低.这一认识对研究盐湖演化阶段、石盐成因以及预测钾盐成矿的地质时代和层位都有极为重要的意义.     

二价锰盐还原KMnO4合成锰矿物及其影响因素研究

以二价锰盐还原KMnO4的方法合成锰矿物,运用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)等手段对矿物的结构进行表征,探讨合成体系中锰摩尔比R(Mn2+:Mn7+)(分别为1∶1、1∶2、1∶3、1∶4)、合成温度(分别为30℃、50℃、70℃、90℃、110℃)以及阴离子类型(分别为Cl-、SO42-、NO3-)等条件对锰矿物形成的影响.研究表明:随着R从1∶1到1∶4逐渐减小,形成的锰矿物由锰钾矿向水钠锰矿转变,锰氧化度也相应的增加;阴离子类型的不同会影响反应所得矿物的种类和结晶度;随着合成温度的升高,锰矿物的结晶度增大,锰氧化度略有升高.     

利用测井信息评价盐湖相烃源岩

盐湖相烃源岩富含膏、盐质成分,使其测井响应特征发生极大改变,给测井评价烃源岩带来困难。基于实测数据,分析了盐湖相烃源岩中普遍发育的纯泥岩、含膏(盐)泥岩和膏(盐)质泥岩有机碳含量的测井响应模式,发现纯泥岩和含膏(盐)泥岩TOC与AC和LogRt呈正比,与DEN呈反比,膏(盐)质泥岩TOC与DEN呈正比,与LogRt呈反比,并基于此建立了盐湖相烃源岩测井评价方法,即首先利用ΔGR区分岩性,再针对不同岩性建立TOC评价模型,最后根据实测S₁+S₂和TOC建立相关关系,就可以求取烃源岩的TOC和S₁+S₂。利用该方法对东营凹陷沙四下亚段烃源岩性质和展布进行分析,发现预测TOC与实测TOC吻合程度高,具有一定推广价值。     

绿洲防护林不同滴灌水量下土壤水盐运移初探

为了探明滴灌滴头流量一致条件下,不同灌水量处理对绿洲防护林地土壤水盐随时间分布的影响,采用30L·株-1·次-1(处理I)、40 L·株-1·次-1(处理Ⅱ)、50 L·株-1·次-1(处理Ⅲ)不同处理对比试验,在塔里木河下游喀拉米吉镇绿洲人工栽培的防护林地进行了野外滴灌监测.结果表明:①处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的剖面平均含水量分别达6.68％、8.99％、9.92％,土壤湿润锋运移的水平距离分别为58、62、74 cm,垂直深度分别为40、50、67 cm,表明灌水量决定土壤含水量的高低,灌水量增加有利于水分在水平和垂直方向的渗透.②处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的盐分锋值水平方向位置为40、52、63 cm,垂直方向为41、45、55 cm,脱盐率分别为62.2％、67.0％、76.5％,灌水量的增加有利于土壤的脱盐.③随着时间的推移,处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ土壤0～60 cm主要根系分布层分别在第5天、第11天、第15天土壤贮水亏缺度达到23.91％～59.25％,33.38％～51.75％,39.69％～56.53％,表层积盐同时达到最大.本研究认为防护林地滴灌水量40～50 L·株-1·次-1、滴灌周期以11～15 d比较适宜,可为极端干旱区防护林的合理灌溉和防治土壤次生盐渍化提供科学依据,具有一定的现实意义.     

论四川盆地海相三叠系含钾性及找钾方向

据现有资料，阐述了四川盆地三叠系含钾性及找钾的现实意义。同时论述了在四川盆地找寻大型固相可溶性钾矿之难度，提出了开辟富钾卤水或含钾卤水──液态钾矿资源的找矿工作是突破四川找钾工作的一个重要和有效途径。     

Syn-depositional halokinesis in the Zechstein Supergroup (Lopingian) controls Triassic minibasin genesis and location

Salt tectonics is typically caused by the flow of mobile evaporites in response to post-depositional gravity gliding and/or differential loading by overburden sediments. This situation is considerably more complex near the margins of salt basins, where carbonate and clastic rocks may be deposited at the same time as and be interbedded with more mobile, evaporitic strata. In these cases, syn-depositional salt flow may occur due to density differences in the deposited lithologies, although our understanding of this and related processes is relatively poor. We here use 3D seismic reflection and borehole data from the Devil's Hole Horst, West Central Shelf, offshore UK to understand the genesis, geometry, and kinematic evolution of intra-Zechstein Supergroup (Lopingian) minibasins and their effect on post-depositional salt deformation. We show that immobile, pinnacle-to-barrier-like, carbonate build-ups and anhydrite are largely restricted to intra-basin highs, whereas mobile halite, which flowed to form large diapirs, dominates in the deep basin. At the transition between the intra-basin highs and the deep basin, a belt of intra-Zechstein minibasins occurs, forming due to the subsidence of relatively dense anhydrite into underlying halite. Depending on primary halite thickness, these intra-Zechstein minibasins created topographic lows, dictating where Triassic minibasins subsequently nucleated and down-built. Our study refines the original depositional model for the Zechstein Supergroup in the Central North Sea, with the results also helping us better understand the style and distribution of syn-depositional salt flow within other layered evaporitic sequences and the role intra-salt heterogeneity and related deformation may have in the associated petroleum plays.     

黄河三角洲潮上带和潮间带不同生境微塑料分布规律

微塑料是近年来广受关注的持久性污染物之一,对海洋生态系统有着不可忽视的潜在危害。河口三角洲作为典型的滨海盐沼湿地,属生态敏感地带,是海洋和陆地两大生态系统的交错地带。选取黄河三角洲潮上带和潮间带盐沼裸斑、翅碱蓬、柽柳、芦苇和潮沟五种典型生境开展土壤微塑料进行采样调查并分析其分布规律。结果表明,黄河三角洲潮上带及潮间带土壤中塑料的整体丰度范围在7~147个/kg,相比世界范围内其他滨海地区属于中等水平,其中翅碱蓬区是微塑料平均丰度最高的区域。整体而言,在各材质中,聚乙烯材质微塑料的检出比例最大,达29.53%;而在各形状中,碎片状微塑料占比最大,达38.88%,其次是颗粒状微塑料,占比37.09%,二者比例接近,为研究区微塑料的主要形态。潮汐作用对微塑料的分布有重要影响,微塑料在距离海岸较近的样点丰度较低,而在高潮线附近明显聚集,同时在植被覆盖区微塑料丰度也明显升高。黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区内人类活动强度较低,但仍面临着来自原位风化降解、潮汐风力搬运等多种潜在来源的微塑料污染。综上,对河口湿地微塑料污染的治理与防护,对于维持区域生态系统稳定与健康具有重要意义。     

Management of sustainable ecological water levels of endorheic salt lakes in the Inner Mongolian Plateau of China based on eco-hydrological processes

Hydrologic regime plays an important role in maintaining aquatic ecosystem structures and biogeochemical processes of endorheic salt lakes. Due to joint influences of regional climate change, runoff regulation and water withdrawal, ecological water deficiency has been increasingly prominent in endorheic salt lakes in Northwest China, especially in the Inner Mongolian Plateau. Previous studies mainly focused on establishing and applying methods to determine ecological water levels of lakes, while much less attention was paid to a more important problem – how such water levels could be reached under changed watershed hydrological processes. Solutions of this gap were explored in this study using the Dalinuoer Lake as an example. This lake is a typical endorheic salt lake located in the Inner Mongolian Plateau. It is a critical source to provide important ecological services and economic values for locals. Its ecological water level to maintain the optimum salinity threshold was first calculated by applying a statistical analysis of relationships between the phytoplankton biomass, salinity and water level of the lake. Potential measures to preserve the ecological water level of the lake were subsequently evaluated based on a hydrological process analysis of the watershed. The results indicated that the optimum salinity threshold was 5.7 g/L. This value should be also valid for other endorheic salt lakes in this region. According to a function between the water storage and the mean water depth of this lake, the ecological water level was determined to be 10.28 m with an ecological water deficit of 2.5 × 10⁸ m³. A basin water balance analysis using the results proposed measures to maintain a sustainable ecological water level, including controlling local water consumption and infusing ecological water. The results of this study could be extrapolated to other similar conditions to provide guidance for policy-makers, so that better decisions could be hopefully forged to protect eco-hydrological processes of endorheic salt lakes in the Mongolian Plateau, as well as other comparable scenarios.