预应力锚索地梁在矿山已变形边坡加固中的应用

岩土锚固是边坡岩土体加固的主要措施。以酒泉钢铁（集团）有限责任公司镜铁山矿黑沟矿区已变形边坡加固工程为例,利用Slide软件进行边坡稳定性分析及支护结构设计计算,对已变形边坡采取预应力地梁锚固+坡顶防渗排水+主、被动网防护+随机锚固的综合治理工程措施,阐明了高边坡预应力锚索地梁的一般程序与方法。实践表明,采用以预应力锚索地梁为主的综合防治措施,对已变形高边坡的变形控制和支护效果较好。     

力化学作用与构造煤结构

本文应用力化学理论和煤结构分析方法,研究了煤的力化学作用类型、力化学能量来源及煤结构演化的影响因素,探讨了构造煤形成的力化学作用及其物理一化学动态机制,认为地质构造水平挤压应力是煤力化学作用的重要能量来源,煤体在挤压剪切作用下发生变形、破坏而形成构造煤,另一方面,力化学作用使煤分子结构发生缩聚、降解、芳构、异构和重排等化学变化。指出构造煤是力化学作用的产物,力化学缩聚和降解是构造煤演化的有效作用．构造煤是研究力化学作用机制的良好载体。     

Current Research Status and Prospect of Tectonically Deformed Coal

A number of studies have shown that development areas of weak deformation brittle series of tectonically deformed coal are often the favorable areas for coalbed methane development, and the distribution area of the mylonitic coal of ductile deformation is a danger zone of mine gas outburst. Therefore, faced with solving the key scientific issues and technical problems of the coal bed methane exploration and development and gas outburst prediction and evaluation, more and more attention has been paid to the research on tectonically deformed coal. This paper first systematically elaborated the main research progress on the concept and classification of tectonically deformed coals, their deformation characteristics, and the pore fissure structure and chemical structure. Then, it pointed out that there was a lack of research on the ductile deformation mechanism of coal, and this key scientific problem needs further research in the future. It seemed that the structural and geochemical process of chemical elements migration and accumulation during coal deformation was a new field which is worth exploring. Through refining stress sensitive elements, their distribution and evolution patterns in different stress-strain environments and different types of tectonically deformed coals might be revealed, and then they could become a predictive index which indicates the significance of distribution of tectonically deformed coals and gas outburst prediction. It was thought that geophysical response characteristics and research of detection theory and interpretation method of different types of tectonically deformed coal and gas enrichment area should be an important development direction in the future.     

阿尔金山喀腊大湾地区变形岩石EBSD组构分析

岩石组构是指组成岩石的矿物在岩石中分布的各向异性,EBSD(Electron Back Scattered Diffraction)岩组分析就是运用电子背散射衍射技术测定岩石结构要素——岩石中矿物分布的规律性。本文作者运用EBSD技术方法,对阿尔金山喀腊大湾地区变形岩石的组构分析显示,花岗质糜棱岩和蚀变变形花岗岩中,石英变形机制是以中温I级柱面(10-10)0001和中高温II级柱面(10-10)0001滑移为主,少量为中低温底面(0001)11-20滑移;而在变形火山岩中,石英变形机制是以中低温底面(0001)11-20滑移系为主。在区域南北向剖面分布上,接近阿尔金北缘断裂和白尖山断裂的中北部变形温度较高,向南变形温度有逐渐降低的趋势。从岩石组构特点结合宏观构造分析,可以认为本区北段属于中—中深层次(15~25km,t=350~550℃,P=0.40~0.60GPa)的韧性变形,而中南段为中浅层次(10~15km,t=250~350℃,P=0.25~0.40GPa)的韧脆性变形。结合不同变形特点花岗岩的年代学资料,确定构造变形的时代为早古生代。上述特征与区域上发育板块碰撞带,且北部发育高压榴辉岩和蓝片岩的构造部位以及该构造变形带的演化历史相吻合。     

黄河三角洲变形层理的研究

黄河三角洲发育了非常丰富的变形层理,规模不一,类型多样,成因复杂,概括起来有下列几种:泄水变形层理、重力滑动变形层理、流水牵引变形层理、沙波滑移变形层理、生物扰动变形层理、波浪改造变形层理及滑塌变形层理七种。其中以泄水变形层理和流水牵引变形层理最为常见和典型。泄水变形层理上表面往往有一乳头状或脊状的突起,有时中心有一泄水孔,与上下部层理呈突变接触。流水牵引变形层理具有五个特点:（1）变形层理之上经常可以见到没有层理或具平行层理的细泥砾（砂）层,或者逆行沙波、逆行爬升层理,显示了变形层理之上有高速水流作用;（2）有时可以看到褶曲状变形层理轴面向下游倾倒,但常常无规律可寻;（3）与上覆层理多为突变接触,与下伏层理突变或渐变接触,取决于变形强烈程度;（4）大部分变形强列,呈包卷状,囊状或管状;（5）分布稳定,有时可见多级组合产出。     

构造煤演化的力化学作用机制

应用力化学理论和煤结构分析方法探讨煤的力化学作用机制。认为地质构造水平挤压应力是煤力化学作用的重要能源,其挤压剪切作用,不仅使煤发生变形和破坏,而且使煤结构发生一系列的化学效应,煤结构发生聚合、异构、重排、芳构,形成更大分子网络结构;在短时间内分子断裂、分解形成液态烃（低分子化合物）和气态烃（瓦斯）。这种构造煤是力化学作用的产物。煤力化学作用发生不仅加速煤的变质过程．而且加速烃的转化。有利于低分子化合物和瓦斯的富集。     

渝南—黔北奥陶系五峰组的同生变形构造及其地质意义

重庆綦江奥陶系五峰组中—下部的黑色页岩中发育有一系列主要由阶梯状断层和其间的小型褶皱构成的同生变形构造(contemporaneous deformed structures),并可大致分为3个构造层段。沉积后—固结成岩前所形成的同生变形构造层之上为正常沉积的黑色页岩层。另外,在贵州桐梓五峰组距底部2.3m左右的黑色页岩中也发育有与綦江地区相似的、以小型褶皱为主的同生变形构造层,且此同生变形构造层上下为斑脱岩层。同生变形构造的发现,表明渝南—黔北地区奥陶纪晚期(五峰期)的沉积盆地为非平坦的古地貌,且曾发生过多期可能与火山运动相关的构造运动。     

陕西安康宝塔梁崩滑变形体稳定性分析计算探讨

宝塔梁崩滑变形体位于陕西省安康市镇坪县城关镇菜村的宝塔梁陡坡上,地处南江河右岸。该崩滑体最早发现于1987年,至2008年1月,一直未发生明显的变形。2008年2月1日开始变形,2月23日,崩滑变形体前缘临沿江路的崩塌面宽度由原先的数米宽增至60～70m,且向陡崖上部延伸发展,陡崖不断地垮塌,完全阻断了沿江路,3～4月采取减载应急处理,其后基本没有再发生大的变形。在详细描述崩滑体变形特征和破碎程度的基础上,认为该崩滑体岩体呈散体或碎裂状,碎块间结合力差,属大型崩滑体。采用钻探、探井、浅层地震勘探、瑞雷波测试和室内试验等到多种方法,分析确定了变形体的形态、变形状态及其边界,给定了变形结构面及计算参数,并以此参数进行了稳定性验算。结果表明,该崩滑体Ⅰ-Ⅰ和Ⅲ-Ⅲ剖面处于欠稳定状态,Ⅱ-Ⅱ剖面处于基本稳定状态,总体处于欠稳定状态。研究结果在2009年7月崩滑变形体的复活变形中得到了验证。     

Geochemistry of Mercury in the Permian Tectonically Deformed Coals from Peigou Mine, Xinmi Coalfield, China

As the mercury emitted from coal combustion can lead to serious environmental issues, researchers pay more attention to the content, distribution and occurrence of mercury in coal. In this paper, the content, distribution, and occurrence of mercury in the Permian tectonically deformed coals from Peigou Mine, Xinmi coalfield, Henan Province were investigated. A total of 18 bench samples were taken from No.2-1 coals seam in Peigou Mine, including 15 coal bench samples, two roofs and one floor. The mercury concentration, mineral composition, and main inorganic element content of 18 samples were determined by DMA-80 direct mercury analyzer, XRD, and XRF respectively. The results show that the mercury content ranges from 0.047 ppm to 0.643 ppm, with an average of 0.244 ppm. Though the coal seam has turned into typical tectonically deformed coal by the strong tectonic destruction and plastic deformation, the vertical distribution of mercury has remarkable heterogeneity in coal seam section. By the analysis of correlation between mercury and the main inorganic elements and the mineral composition in coal, we infer that majority of mercury mainly relates to pyrite or kaolinite.     

The Interrelationship of Micro-Meso and Macroscopic Structures on the Western Limb of the Hazara Kashmir Syntaxis, Pakistan

Detailed micro-meso to macroscopic structural analyses reveal two deformation phases in the western limb of the Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis(HKS). Bulk top to NW shearing transformed initially symmetrical NNE-SSW trending meso to macroscopic folds from asymmetric to overturned ones without changing their trend. Sigmoidal en-echelon tension gashes developed during this deformation,that were oblique to bedding parallel worm burrows and bedding planes themselves. Strain analyses of deformed elliptical ooids using the R_f/φ method constrain the internal strain patterns of the NNE-SSW structures. The principal stretching axis(S_3) defined by deformed elliptical ooids is oriented N27°E at right angles to WNW-ESE shortening. The deformed elliptical ooids in sub-vertical bedding vertical planes contain ooids that plunge ~70° SE due to NW-directed tectonic transport. Finite strain ratios are1.45(R_(xy)) parallel to bedding plane and 1.46(R_(yz)) for the vertical plane. From these 2D strain values, we derive an oblate strain ellipsoidal in 3D using the Flinn and Hsu/Nadai techniques. Strains calculated from deformed elliptical ooids average-18.10% parallel to bedding and-18.47% in the vertical plane.However, a balanced cross-section through the study area indicates a minimum of~-28% shortening.Consequently, regional shortening was only partially accommodated by internal deformation.