地质岩心钻孔人工造斜方法实践

在岩心钻探施工过程中,钻遇岩（矿）心脱落需要补取岩心,或钻具脱落、埋钻和烧钻需要绕障时,人工造斜方法是解决问题的有效手段。钻孔较浅,造斜孔段刚好在变径后的位置,且上部孔壁稳定,易于扩孔和下套管,宜选用异径偏心楔人工造斜;钻孔较深,不能改变口径,造斜孔段岩层硬度较大,宜选用同径偏心楔人工造斜;钻孔较深,造斜孔段岩层硬度不大（如煤系地层中的煤层、泥岩等）,宜选用同径自然造斜。选用偏斜楔造斜时,偏斜楔长度、偏斜角大小和导斜槽直径的合理选择,偏斜楔下入钻孔过程中的正确操作;选用同径自然造斜,水泥浆灌注孔段位置确定、水泥浆凝固后达到一定的强度和造斜过程中合理的钻进参数,是造斜成功的关键。     

创新地理学研究的几个理论问题

创新地理学是研究人类创新活动与地理环境关系的地域系统,是一门独立的人文地理分支学科,具有交叉学科的性质。其研究的“人类创新活动”是人类活动的最为重要的方面,对智慧的人地关系系统建设具有重要的意义。创新地理学与其他人文地理学的分支学科具有密切的联系,也与政治学、管理学、经济学、政策学、城市规划等学科有关,创新地理学面临的主要任务是：① 创新地理学基本理论的研究;② 创新要素（人才、资本、技术等）在空间的地域分布与组合规律的研究;③ 创新环境、创新生态及评价研究;④ 创新地理测度、创新空间格局与效应的研究;⑤ 创新联系、创新网络及创新集群的研究;⑥ 多尺度的创新体系的研究;⑦ 创新、城市发展与规划的研究。     

不同性味矿物药的特征元素组成

应用自适应模式识别的ＩＤ３方法，通过３０种和３６种矿物药模式，分别建立起矿物药的“性”与其溶出元素的种类及含量之间和矿物药的“味”与其溶出元素的种类及含量之间的一般关系．矿物药的性与Ｓｉ、Ｍｎ、Ａｌ、Ｓｒ的不同含量有关，矿物药的味与Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｃａ的不同含量有关．上述元素为决定矿物药性味的特征元素．     

The Thames Embankment and the disciplining of nature in modernity

The embanking of the Thames was an emblematic stage in the construction of modernity's discourse of 'the natural', re-engineering the river as a concrete framing of nature between the embankment walls and a representational framing of the natural within an engineering ideology. The legitimacy of embanking's control was, therefore, about both physical mechanisms and a particular discourse of the natural, but the Thames embankments did not merely reflect modernity's discourse - they actively helped mould it. The creation of a discourse of embanking was slow and hesitant, the product of the interplay between the subsidiary discourses of urban improvement and sanitarianism, and an opposing discourse of tradition. When built, the embankments acted as a fixed, ordered boundary between the cultured nature of the drained, commodified land, and the regulated liveliness of the river. They acted literally and figuratively to sever culture from a nature that was enclosed and tamed by embankment walls.     

Climate change action as a project of identity: Eight meta-analyses

Identity can improve our understanding of personal climate action, particularly when climate action becomes an expression of a person’s self. However, it is unclear which kind of self or identity is most relevant. Building on a comprehensive series of eight meta-analyses (using data from 188 published articles, N = 414,282 participants) this research systematically compares how strongly climate-friendly intentions and behaviors are associated with place identity, personal connectedness to nature, environmental self-identity (i.e., personal self-definition as a pro-environmentally acting person), and social identity (i.e., identification with social groups). Results suggest robust, medium-sized to strong links of both pro-environmental intentions and behaviors to people’s nature connectedness (r = 0.44/0.52), environmental self-identity (r = 0.62/0.56), and identification with groups considered to support climate-friendly behavior (r = 0.48/0.51), but markedly weaker effects for identification with groups which are unrelated to environmental topics (r = 0.30/0.15) and for place identity (r = 0.18/0.32). Implications for policy interventions and psychological theory are discussed.     

Environmental ethics and regional sustainable development

The scientific environmental ethics plays a key role in the recognition of the human- environment interactions. Modern environmental ethics is the philosophical re-thinking of modern human race environmental behavior. The development of environmental ethics theory, as well as its application in reality, determines the viewpoints of environmental ethics. Sustainable development implies harmony on human-environment interactions and inter- generation responsibility, with emphasis on a harmonious relationship among population, resources, environment and development, so as to lay a sustainable and healthy foundation of resources and environment for future generations. The harmonious society construction in China that is raised by the Chinese central government should be covered by environmental ethics. The connotation of open environmental ethics includes a respect for nature, care for the individual human race, and respect for the development of future generations, which means giving consideration to natural values, individual and human race benefits and welfare across generations. The role of environmental ethics in regional development consists of cognition, criticism, education, inspiration, adjusting, legislation and promoting environmental regulations. The major problems in regional development are extensive resource exploration, fast population growth, irrational industrial structure, unfair welfare distribution and the twofold effects of science and technology development. The formulation of environmental ethics that aims at regional sustainable development, can not only harmonize the relationship of population, resource, environment and economic development, but also guide behavior selection, push social and political system transformation, strengthen the legal system, and raise environmental awareness of the public.     

Wheat as food, wheat as industrial substance; comparative geographies of transformation and mobility

Wheat is the world’s second largest crop, supplies 19% of human calories, and is the largest volume crop traded internationally. Its uniquely malleable physical properties make it a valued industrial substance, albeit often an invisible one, as well as a food. This combination of transformation, invisibility and mobility demands new ways of thinking about wheat geographies. In this paper we document and analyse several ‘moments’ in the life of Australian wheat; at the supermarket, in the lives of coeliac sufferers, in laboratories, industrial factories and on the farm. We illustrate diverse patterns of interaction with wheat. The major plane of differentiation is between wheat as food and wheat as industrial substance. The explicit connection of food to the human body tends to fix the identity of wheat, whether as healthy staple of the nation, or harmful poison to coeliacs who must negotiate its presence using the regulatory regime of food labelling. This is no small task given the ubiquity of wheat; our survey of 10,235 supermarket items found it in 29.5% of labelled food items. In contrast, when wheat is physically and chemically disassembled to become an industrial substance, its presence and identity become mutable, hidden and often invisible.     

Hydrogeochemical anomalies of fluorine in Transbaikalia, Russia

本文通过对在外贝加尔大骨节病区水文地球化学研究结果表明,该地区天然水呈现出高浓度的磷(高达3.5 me/L),同时,锰、硅、铅等元素也呈现出高浓度的地球化学特征.分析水文地球化学数据,认为大骨节病可能与生物地球化学性质的多种因素有关系.进一步研究大骨节病的成因机制需要新的可靠的环境地球化学数据.     

Outlines of New Global Geochemical Mapping Program

<正>Since 1988,great efforts and enthusiasm had been paid by applied geochemists in the implementation of global geochemical mapping through the International Geological Correlation Program's Projects 259 and 360,and the Task Group on‘Global Geochemical Baselines' established by the International Union of Geological Sciences(IUGS),in collaboration with the International Association of Geochemistry(IAGC).But how to use extremely low-density sampling to obtain a global picture of the distribution of most elements in the periodic table in a reasonably short time is still a great challenge faced by the applied geochemistry community.It will depend on the continuous development of new mapping concept,and the advisable and courageous innovation of methodology for searching other suitable sample media and sampling layout.Based on the encouragement results obtained from the representativeness study of delta sediments conducted at the mouth of Yangtze River,and at the mouths of its four major tributary,it is expected to broadly apply the geochemical fractal self-similarity nature to main rivers and their estuaries with catchments up to hundreds of thousands or over a million square kilometers in the world.With this new mapping concept,a new outlines of a Global Geochemical Mapping Program was advanced and the establishment of an International Research Center of Global Geochemical Mapping was also suggested to facilitate the programs implementations.     

天然土石坝稳定性初步研究

滑坡堵塞江河形成的天然土石坝是自然作用的产物，不同于人工土石坝，天然土石坝形成后有些存在几十年，几百年，有些形成后不久就溃决，这与坝体本身的性质和河水入流量有关，依据野外实测资料，证了土石坝的稳定性的主要是同土石坝的物质组成，几何形状和堰塞湖入流量等因素决定的，这一研究为天然土石坝的稳定性预测奠定了基础。