地球物理反问题中的随机反演理论

本文从最大后验概率密度观点出发，在数据噪音向量和待求模型向量为具有零均值的独立高斯随机过程的假设前提下，建立起了随机反演的非线性系统方程；给出了模型方差估计的函数表达式，并在文章最后，证明了反演解的稀疏性，即解释了随机反演的输出解的高分辨率特征。文章在最小二乘反演方法的基础上，发展并完善了随机反演方法的理论基础；揭示了随机反演方法与最小二乘反演方法之间的本质区别；阐述了随机反演方法的优越性，并指出了其广阔的应用前景。     

Genesis study of high abundant 17a（H）-diahopanes in Lower Cretaceous lacustrine source rocks of the Lishu Fault Depression,Songliao Basin,Northeast China

Relatively abundant 17α（H）-diahopanes have been detected in the lower cretaceous lacustrine source rocks from the Lishu Fault Depression in the Songliao Basin Northeast China. Rich long chain tricyclic terpanes （carbon number up to C35） and gammacerane have been observed in those source rocks with relatively abundant 17α（H）-diahopanes, which is rarely seen in previous reports. In this paper, the formation of 17α（H）-diahopanes has been discussed from three aspects including maturity, oxidation-reduction nature of depositional environment and parent material composition by the GC/MS analyses. The results reveal that maturity and oxidation-reduction nature of depositional environment have little effect on the formation of 1 7α（H）-diahopanes in the investigated area. How- ever, the positive correlation between long-chain tricyclic terpanes and 17α（H）-diahopanes argues strongly for a common origin, and the origin is related to the algaes in saline water environment. The algaes in saline water envi- ronment may be a kind of origin of 1 7α（H）-diahopanes.     

高分卫星自然资源调查需求满足度评估

当前高分对地观测数据应用来源众多,且其应用方式各异,如何对需求其进行规范化和结构化的需求综合及聚类,进而开展卫星观测能力对于用户需求的需求满足度进行评估,是当前高分对地观测系统建设及应用的关键.本研究基于层次分析法开展自然资源遥感调查的需求建模与评价研究,以可见光近红外类型的自然资源遥感调查需求为主要研究对象,提取自然...     

中国荔波锥状喀斯特世界自然遗产价值全球对比分析

研究世界自然遗产地价值,对遗产地本身以及其他类似区域的可持续发展有重要意义。基于系统论思想,将"中国南方喀斯特"第一批三处遗产地中的荔波锥状喀斯特置于全球视角,选取相似的、具有代表性的区域,结合世界遗产第八条有关地质地貌特征与演化历史等方面的评价标准,进行全球对比分析,揭示其全球显著价值。研究表明:荔波锥状喀斯特具有更为独特的演化环境与更为复杂的地质演化过程;更有典型的锥状喀斯特单体形态与较为齐全的地貌组合类型,更有罕见的锥状喀斯特森林生态系统和生命记录。荔波锥状喀斯特是反映地球热带-亚热带锥状喀斯特演化历史主要阶段的典型范例,极具代表中国南方喀斯特的世界遗产价值。     

Visionary Politics: Technologies of Government in the Capital of Innovation

ABSTRACT

Taking up experiments in “civic innovation” as windows into the making of new urban worlds, I attempt in this essay to map out the parameters of a novel framework for municipal rule and account for the conditions underlying its ascendance in San Francisco, CA. I explore how productions of urban space and nature today serve as the means and objects of an emerging mode of government premised on yoking all forms of urban activity to the dictates of innovation. When proponents of civic innovation pursue particular forms of intervention in the built environment to constitute urban subjects as human capital, they imbibe, reproduce, and enact normative notions about the nature of the city as a problem to manage. Though the project of civic innovation is neither complete nor inevitable, the political vision animating it entails the subsumption of urban life as such within a rubric of decision making modeled on the market.     

USING UPLAND FOREST IN SHIMENTAI NATURE RESERVE,CHINA*

ABSTRACT. The Shimentai Nature Reserve in Yingde County, Guangdong Province, China, established recently in a subtropical upland forest area, has served for ages as an essential and customary source of livelihood for local people. Assessment of forest usage indicates heavy reliance by villagers on its diversified biotic resources. This forest dependence, associated with socioeconomic factors such as distance from village, ethnic origin, out‐migration of rural youngsters, and a local tradition of conservation, is unlikely to decline in the near future. The reserve management recognizes the need to address the livelihood issues of local people and to win local support. A pragmatic adherence to provincial and higher‐level policies that exclude forest‐tapping activities could lead to more people‐versus‐park conflicts, which would dilute fundamental conservation objectives. A more enlightened and localized approach that nurtures a synergy between limited forest use and conservation while helping to develop new income sources could furnish workable alternatives.     

生态保护红线成效评估框架与指标方法

生态保护红线是在自然保护区、重点生态功能区、风景名胜区、森林公园等诸多区域生态管理制度不断实践基础上,面对中国国土开发和生态保护的复杂关系,继承和创新提出的一种新型区域生态管控制度,已经成为推动国家生态文明建设的重大战略。如何科学评估生态保护红线保护成效,服务于生态保护红线综合管理和保障区域生态安全,成为普遍关注的热点问题之一。针对已有的区域生态保护成效评估案例的不足,基于划定生态保护红线是为保障国家和区域生态安全的基本认知,围绕着生态保护红线“生态功能不降低、面积不减少、性质不改变”的管控目标,以生态保护红线对区域生态系统保护作用为主要出发点,提出生态保护成效评估框架和指标方法。生态保护成效评估以生态系统类型构成和生态系统服务功能为内容主线,通过多维度时空尺度拓展,耦合分析生态保护红线内外、实施前后的生态状况变化,综合评估生态保护红线对保障区域生态安全的贡献和改善区域生态状况的作用。进而,可以关联分析可能引起生态保护红线生态状况变化的管控政策、制度和其他间接驱动因素,评估政策实施成效评估。实证上选择海南省生态保护红线和广东省严格控制区为案例进行了讨论。     

地理本性进化与全球地缘政治经济基础探析

从克鲁格曼的地理本性论出发认识全球地缘政治经济基础。本文通过收集2000-2012年的世界主要21个国家（地区）的金融业和制造业增加值,运用区位商模型分析世界主要国家（地区）的金融业与制造业发展集中度,同时对各国资源输出情况进行对比,最后进行聚类分析。结果发现：全球一体化使世界典型国家（地区）类型趋于明显,呈现新的“三个世界”特征：美国、英国、瑞士、新加坡以及中国香港属金融业主导国家（地区）;泰国、中国大陆、韩国、德国、日本、越南和中国台湾属制造业主导国家（地区）;加拿大、俄罗斯、印度尼西亚、马来西亚、澳大利亚和墨西哥属资源开发业主导国家;印度和法国目前在多领域均得到发展,属过渡型国家。这种地理本性决定的经济分工分类,是各国的地缘政治经济学基础,将影响他们的地缘政治经济学立场。     

基于倾向得分匹配方法的中国自然保护区缓解人类活动压力评估

科学地评估自然保护区缓解人类活动压力的效果,对于有效的自然保护至关重要.目前中国国家尺度下的这方面研究,仅将保护区内、外的人类活动压力进行对比,其缺陷是样本选择性偏差会导致评估结果的不合理.本文选择了倾向得分匹配(Propensity Score Matching)方法来克服保护区评价中的样本选择性偏差问题.首先耦合多...