Algebra, in particular commutative algebra, is applied here to provide a general unified solution to nonlinear systems of equations encountered in geodesy. Starting with the “Abelian group”, the “polynomial ring” is defined and used to form generators of ideals. By applying Buchberger or polynomial resultant algorithms, these generators are reduced to simple structures often comprising a univariate polynomial in one of the unknowns. The advantage of the proposed unified approach is that it provides exact solutions to geodetic nonlinear systems of equations without the traditional requirements of linearization, iterations or approximate starting values. The commutative algebraic approach therefore alleviates the need for isolated exact solutions to various geodetic nonlinear systems of equations. The procedure is applied to GPS meteorology to compute refraction angles, and Helmert’s one-to-one mapping of topographical points onto the reference ellipsoid. 相似文献
In the Himalayan regions, precipitation-runoff relationships are amongst the most complex hydrological phenomena, due to
varying topography and basin characteristics. In this study, different artificial neural networks (ANNs) algorithms were used to
simulate daily runoff at three discharge measuring sites in the Himalayan Kosi River Basin, India, using various combinations
of precipitation-runoff data as input variables. The data used for this study was collected for the monsoon period (June to October)
during the years of 2005 to 2009. ANNs were trained using different training algorithms, learning rates, length of data
and number of hidden neurons. A comprehensive multi-criteria validation test for precipitation-runoff modeling has been undertaken
to evaluate model performance and test its validity for generating scenarios. Global statistics have demonstrated that
the multilayer perceptron with three hidden layers (MLP-3) is the best ANN for basin comparisons with other MLP networks
and Radial Basis Functions (RBF). Furthermore, non-parametric tests also illustrate that the MLP-3 network is the best network
to reproduce the mean and variance of observed runoff. The performance of ANNs was demonstrated for flows during
the monsoon season, having different soil moisture conditions during period from June to October. 相似文献
We have developed a neural network algorithm of radial basis network (RBN) type for geoscience applications. This new probabilistic neural network (PNN), referred to as “gravity-capturing neural network,” employs multidimensional even distance and introduces the resultant force competition mechanism for the output layer. When used for geological pattern recognition with well-logging data, it avoids misjudgment due to a magnitude jump of a single parameter and can extract complex and hidden formulas from laboratory and field measurements more efficiently. A field case study of reservoir identification with geophysical well logs is presented to demonstrate the advantages of this neural network over the conventional PNN in such classification applications. 相似文献