南海东北部深部构造与中新生代沉积盆地

利用OBS资料作约束条件对南海东北部的地球物理资料，主要是重力资料和多道反射地震资料进行反演，获取比较理想的莫霍面深度，地壳厚度，中生代沉积基底面，新生代沉积底界面等地壳结构信息，研究发现该区中生代沉积盆地形成模式与新生代沉积盆地的形成模式不同，中生代沉积基底与莫霍面呈正相关，而新生代沉积基底则与莫霍面呈明显的镜像关系。中生仝层不受边界断层控制，中生代沉积基底与莫霍面呈正相关，而新生代沉积基底则与莫霍面呈明显的镜像关系。中生代地层不受边界断层控制。中生代沉积坳陷边界实质上是残留的中生代地层的边界，中生代沉积盆地具有大型坳陷沉积特征，而新生代盆地为断陷盆地。     

一种新型深海海洋平台——几何形Spar和集成浮力桶的试验研究

介绍了一种新型深海海洋平台——几何形Spar壳体概念和集成浮力桶立管支撑概念，并与常规Spar和桁架式Spar进行了比较。为测定多角形Spar和集成浮力桶在不同环境条件下运动响应的总体性能，设计并完成了在海洋工程水池中的模型试验，此类试验在国内尚属首次。     

Processing and attenuation of noise in deep seismic-reflection data from the Gulf of Maine

The U.S. Geological Survey deep crustal studies reflection profile across the Gulf of Maine off southeastern New England was affected by three sources of noise: side-scattered noise, multiples, and 20-Hz whale sounds. The special processing most effective in minimizing this noise consisted of a combination of frequency-wavenumber (F-K) filtering, predictive deconvolution, and spectral whitening, each applied in the shot domain (prestack). Application of the F-K filter to remove side-scatter noise in the poststack domain resulted in a much poorer quality profile. The prestack noise suppression processing techniques resulted in a reflection profile with good signal-to-noise ratios and reliable strong reflections, especially at depths equivalent to the lower crust (24–34 km). Certain geologic features, such as a buried rift basin and a crustal fault are resolved much better within the upper crust after this processing. Finite difference migration of these data using realistic velocities produced excellent results. Migration was essential to distinguish between abundant dipping and subhorizontal reflections in the lower crust as well as to show an essentially transparent upper mantle.     

Benthic Front and the Yamato Basin Bottom Water in the Japan Sea

Hydrographic observations have revealed detailed structure of the Bottom Water in the Japan Sea. The Yamato Basin Bottom Water (YBBW) exhibits higher temperatures and lower dissolved oxygen concentrations than those found in the Japan Basin Bottom Water (JBBW). Both Bottom Waters meet around the boundary region between the Yamato and the Japan Basins, forming a clear benthic front. The structure of the benthic front suggests an estuary-like water exchange between both Basins, with the inflow from the Japan Basin passing under the outflow from the Yamato Basin. It is inferred from the property distributions that the JBBW flowing into the Yamato Basin is entrained by the cyclonic circulation in the basin, and modified to become the YBBW. Vertical diffusion and thermal balance in the YBBW are examined using a box model. The results show that the effect of geothermal heating has about 70% of the magnitude of the vertical thermal diffusion and both terms cancel the advection term of the cold JBBW from the Japan Basin. The box model also estimates the turnover time and vertical diffusivity for the YBBW as 9.1 years and 3.4 × 10⁻³ m²s^{− 1}, respectively.     

Deep CTD Casts in the Challenger Deep,Mariana Trench

On 1 December 1992, CTD (conductivity-temperature-depth profiler) casts were made at three stations in a north-south section of the Challenger Deep to examine temperature and salinity profiles. The station in the Challenger Deep was located at 11°22.78′ N and 142°34.95′ E, and the CTD cast was made down to 11197 db or 10877 m, 7 m above the bottom by reeling out titanium cable of 10980 m length. The southern station was located at 11° 14.19′ N and 142°34.79′ E, 16.1 km from the central station, where water depth is 9012 m. CTD was lowered to 7014 db or 6872 m. The northern station was located at 11°31.47′ N and 142° 35.30′ E, 15.9 km from the central station, and CTD was lowered to 8536 db or 8336 m, 10 m above the bottom. Below the thermocline, potential temperature decreased monotonously down to 7300–7500 db beyond a sill depth between 5500 m and 6000 m, or between 5597 db and 6112 db, of the trench. Potential temperature increased from 7500 db to the bottom at a constant rate of 0.9 m°C/1000 db. Salinity increased down to 6020–6320 db, and then stayed almost constant down to around 9000 db. From 9500 db to the bottom, salinity increased up to 34.703 psu at 11197 db. Potential density referred to 8000 db increased monotonously down to about 6200 db, and it was almost constant from 6500 db to 9500 db. Potential density increased from 9500 db in accordance with the salinity increase. Geostrophic flows were calculated from the CTD data at three stations. Below an adopted reference level of 3000 db, the flow was westward in the north of Challenger Deep and eastward in the south, which suggests a cyclonic circulation over the Challenger Deep. Sound speed in Challenger Deep was estimated from the CTD data, and a relation among readout depth of the sonic depth recorder, true depth, and pressure was examined.     

国内外海洋深层水资源利用现状及展望

本文在介绍了海洋深层水的优良资源特性的基础上,系统介绍了世界各国在海藻养殖、鱼类养殖、蔬菜栽培、食品制造、酿酒、制冷、制盐、制冰及饮料生产等多方面应用海洋深层水的最新成果,并展望了今后海洋深层水研究开发的前景。     

太平洋东部深海沉积物稀土元素地球化学

通过对太平洋东部CC区深海沉积物的稀土元素研究发现:该区沉积物的REE含量较高,普遍具有较小的Eu正异常和较大的Ce负异常;不同类型沉积物中的稀土含量、比值和分布模式存在着差异,这种差异主要取决于沉积物组分的不同;沉积物的来源有自生源、火山源、生物源和陆源,稀土元素主要是通过自生组分富集的,区域上,Ce异常值低处,Eh值高,为强氧化环境区,也是南极底层流的流经路径,是多金属结核富集的有利地区。     

Influence of Introduced CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> on Deep-Sea Metazoan Meiofauna

An experiment was performed to determine the effect of injected CO₂ on the deep-sea (3200 m) meiofaunal community in the Monterey Canyon. Approximately 20 L of liquid CO₂ was added to each of three cylindrical corrals (PVC rings pushed into the seabed) that were arranged in a triangular array 10 m on a side. After a 30-day period, sediment cores were collected within an area exposed to the dissolution plume emanating from the CO₂ pools and from a reference site approximately 40 m away; cores were also collected from within two of the CO₂ corrals. Sediment cores were sectioned into 0–5, 5–10, and 10–20 mm layers. Abundances of major groups (harpacticoid copepods, nematodes, nauplii, kinorhynchs, polychaetes, and total meiofauna) were determined for each layer. CO₂ exposure did not significantly influence the abundances or vertical distributions of any of the major taxa. However, other evidence suggests that abundance alone did not accurately reflect the effect of CO₂ on meiofauna. We argue that slow decomposition rates of meiofaunal carcasses can mask adverse effects of CO₂ and that longer experiments and/or careful examination of meiofaunal condition are needed to accurately evaluate CO₂ effects on deep-sea meiofaunal communities. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.