基于鲸鱼优化算法的长短期记忆模型水库洪水预报

洪涝灾害是世界主要自然灾害之一,优化洪水预报方案对防洪决策至关重要,然而传统水文模型存在参数多、调参受人为因素影响,泛化能力弱等问题。针对上述问题,本文提出基于改进的鲸鱼优化算法和长短期记忆网络构建自动优化参数的WOA-LSTM模型,通过优化神经网络结构进一步增强该模型的稳定性和精确度,并且建立不同预见期下的洪水预报模型来分析讨论神经网络结构与预报期之间的关系。以横锦水库流域1986—1997年洪水资料为例,其中以流域7个雨量站点的降雨以及横锦站水文资料为输入,不同预见期下洪水过程作为输出,以1986—1993年作为模型的率定期,1994—1997年作为模型的检验期,研究结果表明:(1)以峰现时差、确定性系数、径流深误差和洪峰流量误差作为评价指标,相比较于LSTM模型和新安江模型对检验期的模拟结果表明WOA-LSTM模型拥有更高的精度、预报结果更稳定;(2)结合置换特征值和SHAP法分析模型特征值重要性,增强了神经网络模型的可解释性;(3)通过改变神经网络结构在一定程度避免由于预见期增加和数据关联性下降而导致的模型预报精度下降的问题,最终实验表明该模型在预见期1~6 h下都可以满足横锦水库的洪水预报要求,可以为当地的防洪决策提供依据。     

山东省蓬莱-栖霞金成矿带地壳结构对金成矿的约束

岩浆活动和构造活动是胶东地区金成矿的主要成矿要素,建立岩浆活动和构造活动间的成因联系是成矿机理研究的重要内容。本次贯穿笏山金矿和蓬莱-栖霞断裂带的高精度反射地震剖面测量显示,控矿的陡崖-台前断裂为地壳浅层的铲式断裂,其深部与垂向的蓬莱-栖霞断裂带的主干断裂栖霞-杨础断裂相交。栖霞-杨础断裂切穿地壳,表现出走滑断裂特征,沿断裂存在岩浆活动行迹。蓬莱-栖霞金矿带为以解宋营-紫现头断裂、栖霞-杨础断裂为主干,发育的右旋走滑断裂构造系统。岩浆活动和成矿作用分布于构造系统的局部张性域内。研究表明：胶东地区存在以剪切走滑为主控的构造活动和沿垂直地壳的剪切带与之耦合的岩浆活动。在此基础上,提出了以岩石剪切破裂模式为基础的,右旋走滑断裂控制的岩浆活动和成矿作用相耦合的基于岩石圈剪切破裂的成矿系统模型。     

复合土钉在深基坑支护中的应用

土钉支护对基坑变形的调节和控制能力较差,不适于对变形控制要求较严格的深基坑工程.采用微型桩＋预应力锚索配合土钉支护的新型复合土钉支护方案,经有限元计算对复合土钉和一般土钉的两种方案变形曲线进行对比、分析.结果表明,对基坑变形要求严格时,该复合土钉支护方案能有效地控制基坑变形.     

深层搅拌法在真空预压后地基工程上的应用

为使经真空预压首期加固后的地基承载力从80 kPa提高到230kPa,设计采用深层搅拌法-水泥搅拌桩二次加固软弱地基.经现场成桩工艺试验和检测表明,桩身水泥土强度在90 d龄期时＞1.80 MPa,单桩承载力标准值＞150kN;以φ600桩径、桩长13.5 m、置换率为0.308和φ500桩径、桩长13.5m、置换率为0.267两种方案布置的复合地基承载力标准值均超过了设计要求.     

Clean and safe supply of fish and shellfish to clear the HACCP regulation by use of clean and cold deep ocean water in Rausu, Hokkaido, Japan

For the supply of fish and shellfish to consumers in fresh condition, clean handling after catch from the sea is essential. According to HACCP （Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points）, it is important to meet such requirement by keeping fish and shellfish under a certain low temperature and clean conditions after catching. The deep ocean water （DOW） characterized by low temperature and cleanliness has been chosen for fish and shellfish handlings, particularly for salmon, cod, and sea urchin in Town ＇Rausu＇ in Hokkaido, Japan. DOW below 2.9℃ of an amount of nearly 5 000 m^3 is planned to be pumped up every day from a depth of about 350 m, and temporarily stored in a large simulated tank on land. DOW is then supplied to fish boats through hydrants distributed throughout the harbor and used for keeping salmon in clean and cold conditions. Ice made from DOW is also used for lowering temperature if necessary. DOW and ice made from DOW are also used during the transportation of fish and shellfish. The entire system is scheduled to be completed by the summer of 2005.     

THE FINE CRUSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE SOUTHERN MARGIN OF NORTH CHINA BLOCK REVEALED BY DEEP SEISMIC REFLECTION PROFILE

The study area is located at the junction of the northern margin of the Qinling orogenic belt and the southern margin of the North China Block. In order to study the fine crustal structure and the deep-shallow structural features of faults in this area, we conducted deep seismic reflection profiling with the seismic profile of 100km long, directing NE-SW in Zhumadian City, Henan Province, and got clear lithospheric structure images along the profile. As regards the data acquisition, we applied the geometry of 25m group interval, 1000 recording channels and more than 60 folds. Seismic wave exploding applies the 30kg shots of dynamite source with the borehole depth of 25m. The shot interval is 200m. In data processing, we focused on improving the signal-to-noise ratio. Data processing methods mainly include first break removal, tomographic static correction, abnormal amplitude elimination, amplitude compensation, pre-stack denoising, surface consistent deconvolution, velocity analysis, several iterations of the residual static correction, dip moveout, post-stack time migration and post-stack denoising, etc. The profile with high signal-to-noise ratio was obtained. The reflection wave group characteristics is obvious in the crust, which reflects abundant information about geological structure. Along the profile, the crust is characterized by double-layer reflection structure, and the Moho surface is composed of a series of laminated arc-shaped strong reflections. The thickness of the upper crust is about 14.8~20.7km, and the total thickness of the crust is about 32.0~35.1km. The upper crust is dominated by the inclined, densely stratified or arc-shaped reflections. The lower crust is dominated by arc-shaped and inclined reflection, and there is a reflective transparent zone under the Moho surface. The reflection sequences with different directions and shapes in the upper crust constitute the nappe structure in southwest segment and the structural model of two concaves with one uplift in NE segment, which correspond to the north Qinling nappe, Zhumadian-Huaibin depression, Pingyu-Xiping uplift and a secondary depression, respectively. There are abundant arc-shaped reflection sequences in the lower crust, which may represent multi-stage magmatic activities. The deep seismic reflection profile shows that faults in the upper crust are well developed. According to the characteristics of reflected wave field in the profile, four groups of fault structure which contain ten faults with different scales are interpreted. Among them, faults F_P1, F_P2 and F_P3 constitute the thrust fault system in the northern margin of Qinling Mountains, and F_P5 and F_P7 are boundary faults of Zhumadian-Huaibin depression. These faults are all developed within the upper crust. In addition, the Fault F_PM is a large fault that cuts through the lower crust and Moho surface. The deep seismic reflection profile reveals the crustal structure and deep-shallow structural features of faults at the junction of the northern margin of the Qinling orogenic belt and the southern margin of the North China block, which provides seismological evidence for the analysis of structural differences, the deep earth's interior processes and deep-shallow structural relationships between the Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt and the southern margin of the North China block. The lower crust of the study area is divided into two parts by deep faults that dislocate the Moho surface. These two parts have distinct reflective structures, suggesting that the area has experienced intense complex tectonic movements. The faults in the upper crust control the formation of basin-mountain structure and stratigraphic deposition of this area. And deep faults in the crust that disrupt Moho surface create conditions for the upwelling and energy exchange of deep materials. All of these have regulated the composition of material and the distribution of energy in the crust. The deep faults cutting through the lower crust and Moho surface and the south-dipping arc-shaped and inclined strong reflection sequences developed in the lower crust should indicate the large-scale subduction of the southern margin of the North China block towards the south-trending Qinling orogenic belt.     

Generalization of PhaseNet in Shandong and its application to the Changqing M4.1 earthquake sequence

Waveforms of seismic events, extracted from January 2019 to December 2021 were used to construct a test dataset to investigate the generalizability of PhaseNet in the Shandong region. The results show that errors in the picking of seismic phases(P-and S-waves) had a broadly normal distribution, mainly concentrated in the ranges of-0.4–0.3 s and-0.4–0.8 s, respectively. These results were compared with those published in the original PhaseNet article and were found to be approximately 0.2–0.4 s l...     

花东海盆综合地震探测及其重要的构造意义

花东海盆位于欧亚板块与菲律宾海板块交汇处,是现今西太平洋俯冲体系中唯一遗留的早白垩纪洋盆,是研究西太平洋俯冲构造演化与动力学机制的一个关键区域.前期研究发现,关于花东海盆的基础科学问题迫切需要解决:花东海盆的性质、年龄及形成演化历史如何?南北走向的加瓜海脊是花东海盆的东部边界吗?其隆升机制和构造属性如何?花东海盆的西部...     

卫星视频舰船目标检测方法

舰船目标检测是进行海上目标监管,保障海上权益的重要手段.本文在SSD(single shot multibox detector)算法的基础上,利用残差网络(ResNet,residual network)作为骨干网络构建SSD模型,将改进后的SSD算法应用于卫星视频舰船目标检测,该算法采用残差连接替换原本的级联方式,...     

深部带压开采:传承与创新

回顾了带压开采的传承与创新发展历程。阐述带压开采的概念及充要条件,以带压开采的内涵为基础,定义侵蚀基准面为浅部和深部带压开采的分界线（面）,明确承压水上采煤为带压开采,而含水层“下”采煤不属于带压开采范畴,纠正《煤矿安全规程》中有关“顶、底板带压”的不妥表述。梳理了直接为带压开采服务的理论和技术,探（探查）、治（防治）、保（保障）3项技术,机理（致灾机理）、评价（危险性评价）、预测（灾变预测）3项理论,即构成带压开采理论技术体系;华北煤田奥陶系岩溶随深度增加发育减弱,由此推断,空间上深部岩溶径流带多形成在古岩溶系统中,而现代岩溶径流带则发育于现代岩溶中。深部隔水层损伤裂隙增多,为采后承压水导升奠定物质基础。总结对比了浅部和深部底板岩溶水害特征,阐明深部奥陶纪灰岩（简称奥灰）水突水机理,沿裂隙渗透、扩容、压裂,薄层灰岩中转,不断向上导升,形成大面积散流突水。从理论上说明突水系数已不适用隔水层厚度超出80 m的情形,提出厚、巨厚隔水层带压开采评价方法:p₀ > 3σ₃-σ₁-p_p+s_T;依据隔水层厚度、底板破坏带、奥灰导升带、突水系数等因素将底板类型划分为5类隔水层,提出相应5级带压开采条件以及5种治理模式;针对深部带压开采复杂条件,倡导应用“全时空”水害综合防治思想理念及技术。面向未来,地质体+水流的本构模型仍是学术界需攻克的最大难题,现实的“卡脖子”难题,如深部岩溶发育规律、精细探查技术、水害机理及评价预测、综合治理技术等,是实现安全带压开采的关键。