珠江口伶仃洋海区表层沉积物稀土元素分布特征及配分模式

珠江口伶仃洋海区表层沉积物中的稀土元素的含量变化范围较大（１７０．３４～３４４．６０μｇ／ｇ）,平均含量为２７２．０２μｇ／ｇ,远高于陆壳平均含量（２００μｇ／ｇ）和华南地区花岗岩中稀土元素的平均含量,接近于全球沉积物平均稀土元素含量上限。以轻稀土富集为主,富集系数在１．５１～２．４３之间。经北美页岩标准化后,伶仃洋海区沉积物配分模式呈负斜率配分型;与南海沉积物中稀土分布具有相似性,说明二者具有同源性。     

一种基于模糊神经网的超短波信号自动识别算法

针对具体的军用超短波信号,提出一种基于模糊神经网的改进信号识别算法.该算法利用模糊神经网实现模糊推理系统,采用分步识别的方法,将特征参数映射到模糊空间进行二分类.仿真表明:在具有高斯加性白噪声的环境中,信噪比高于15dB时,系统识别率高于95%.     

一次弱对流天气降雹成灾的雷达回波特征分析

通过对新疆玛河流域一次冰雹天气雷达资料及地面实况资料的分析,研究弱对流云降雹的雷达反射率因子与径向速度场的回波特征,进一步探讨弱对流云降雹与0℃层高度较低及垂直风切变的关系：弱对流天气当日零度层高度值可作为分析弱冰雹云的依据;高低空风速的差异形成的风切变造成的动压力产生垂直加速度,使对流运动得到加强和维持,也是此次降雹的动力机制。分析此次天气,揭示了新疆玛河流域弱对流云降雹天气过程生消的一些重要特征和变化,对雹云的识别和分析具有一定的指导意义。     

WSR/98D与WSR-81S天气雷达应用对比分析

通过对两次冰雹天气过程的两部天气雷达产品的对比分析,表明WSR/98D产品精细、准确,对弱回波探测能力强,在揭示由海风锋造成的强对流冰雹天气的生成演变机制上明显优于WSR-81S.文章还从信息获取原理以及资料加工等方面剖析了WSR/98D的优越性.将新一代天气雷达与旧的业务雷达进行对比分析,比较其探测的优越性.     

1949～2005年海南岛登陆热带气旋的若干变化特征

利用热带气旋(TC)年鉴资料和海南岛逐日降水量资料,对海南岛57a登陆TC年频数、强度、登陆位置、活动时间、登陆维持时间、登陆TC降水量的变化特征进行了分析。结果表明:在全球气候变暖背景下,海南岛登陆TC年频数有显著减少趋势,但登陆时TC的平均强度和极端强度都有增强趋势,这主要归功于南海登陆海南岛的热带低压年频数的显著减少和强热带风暴的弱增加;登陆TC具有准3a的周期,而南海登陆海南岛的TC具有准3a、准5a的周期,西太平洋登陆海南岛的TC具有准13a和准3a的周期;海南岛登陆TC的登陆点位置有南移趋势,80年代中期以来在海南岛最南端地区登陆的TC频数明显增多;登陆TC的活动时间和登陆维持时间均有弱的缩短趋势;登陆TC暴雨与登陆时TC强度成显著负相关关系而和登陆维持时间有显著正相关关系,但登陆时TC强度对暴雨的影响强于登陆维持时间;登陆TC年降水量呈减少变化趋势,其中登陆风暴和强风暴的年降水量有增多趋势,登陆热带低压和登陆台风年降水量均有减少趋势。     

近断层双向水平地震作用下隔震结构地震反应

近断层地震动脉冲特性在2个水平分量上具有差异,采用平方和开方法分析了近断层脉冲地震动双向地震作用下基础隔震结构和组合隔震结构的隔震层位移,并与近断层脉冲单向地震作用进行了对比分析,结果表明:若仅地震动加速度峰值大的分量或2个方向分量均存在明显速度脉冲,则产生的隔震层位移大于单向地震动;若仅地震动加速度峰值小的分量存在明...     

滨滩相互层土工程特性初步研究

对滨海相、河滩相互层土(粘性土、粉砂互层)的工程特性提出了系统认识,从理论上、实践上论证了互层土的稠度指标与现场标准贯入击数不协调的根本原因,并推荐了室内液性指数(IL)作必要折减的修正系数,以此按规范求取地基容许承载力,结果与标贯资料基本吻合。显然,修正后的IL不仅解决了测试指标相互间(IL与N)的矛盾,更重要的是客观上提高了地基强度,简化了施工工艺,产生了十分可观的经济社会效益。     

Stepwise decreases of the Huanghe (Yellow River) sediment load (1950–2005): Impacts of climate change and human activities

The sediment load delivered from the Huanghe (Yellow River) to the sea has decreased sharply to 0.15 × 10⁹ metric tons per year (0.15 Gt/yr) between 2000 and 2005, and now represents only 14% of the widely cited estimate of 1.08 Gt/yr. The river seems to be reverting to the pristine levels characteristic of the middle Holocene, prior to human intervention. Datasets from 1950 to 2005 from four key gauging stations in the main stream reveal distinct stepwise decreases in sediment load, which are attributed to both natural and anthropogenic impacts over the past 56 yr. Completions of two reservoirs, Liujiaxia (1968) and Longyangxia (1985), in the upper reaches of the river and their joint operations have resulted in stepwise decreases in sediment load coming from the upper reaches. Effective soil conservation practices in the middle reaches since the late 1970s, combined with the operation of the Sanmenxia and Xiaolangdi reservoirs, have also caused stepwise decreases in sediment load at Huayuankou in the middle reaches, but the decrease differs from that observed in the upper reaches. Decrease in precipitation is responsible for 30% of the decrease in sediment load at Huayuankou, while the remaining 70% is ascribed to human activities in the river basin, of which soil conservation practices contribute 40% to the total decrease. Sediment retention within reservoirs accounts for 20% of the total sediment load decrease, although there was notable sediment retention within the Xiaolangdi reservoir from 2000 to 2005. The remaining 10% of the decrease in sediment load is a result of the operation of reservoirs in the upper reaches. In the lower reaches, 20% of the sediment passing Huayuankou has been lost as a result of channel deposition and water abstraction. Soil conservation practices and the operation of reservoirs have lowered the content of coarser sediment (D > 0.05 mm) at Huayuankou, and reduced channel deposition in the lower reaches. In contrast, sediment loss owing to water abstraction in the lower reaches has increased considerably as water consumption for agricultural needs has increased. Therefore, the combined effects of climate change and human activities in the upper, middle, and lower reaches have resulted in stepwise decreases in the sediment load delivered from the Huanghe to the sea. The Huanghe provides an excellent example of the altered river systems impacted by climate change and extensive human activities over the past 56 yr. Further dramatic decreases in sediment load and water discharge in the Huanghe will trigger profound geological, morphological, ecological, and biogeochemical responses in the estuary, delta, and coastal sea.     

卸荷工程岩体非线性模型的研究与应用

卸荷工程岩体与传统的加载岩体的力学条件有着本质的区别，其非线性特征更为明显，卸荷工程岩体的研究是一个崭新的领域，对卸荷岩体的工程地质特征、力学参数的确定、本构关系及卸荷岩体释放荷载的计算方面进行了初步的探讨。     

陕北地区延长组层序地层划分与含油气性

陕北地区上三叠统延长组是以河流－湖泊沉积体系为主的陆源碎屑岩系。依据野外剖面和井下资料，本文对陕北地区上三叠统延长组进行了层序地层划分，共划分出了四个三级层序，其中一个属于湖相层序，另外三个为冲积层序。每个层序包括三个体系域，它们分别是低位体系域、水进体系域和高位体系域，每个体系域由不同的相组合构成，呈现不同的堆砌样式。湖相层序和冲积层序的层序界面和层序内部单元的构成特征均不相同。由于河流冲刷在陆相地层中普遍发育，以冲刷面为层序界面时要综合考虑多种因素进行综合判断，如砂体厚度的展布和相的构成等，而且纵向的比较也很重要，纵向的相变是划分陆相层序的一个重要标志。最大洪泛面和水进面在冲积地层中较难确定，往往以一套地层的出现为标志，而不是某个单层为代表。在陕北地区延长组陆相层序地层中，控制层序形成的主要因素是构造运动和气候变化。陕北地区陆相层序对盆地含油气性的控制主要表现在三个方面：1、层序控制了生储盖的组合；2、层序控制着储层的展布；3、层序影响着储层的储集性能。