泥石流(地质)灾害与综合防治

泥石流是一种危害性极大的地质灾害,本文总结了我国近几十年来泥石流综合防治措施,并结合实例,对下岸溪泥石流的形成条件、发展趋势及治理措施进行了论述.     

昆明市东川城区泥石流危险度评价

泥石流是昆明东川城区最主要的地质灾害之一,严重阻碍了城市的社会经济发展。开展东川城区泥石流危险度评价对城市安全与稳定有着重要的意义。文章从地貌学侵蚀旋回理论出发,运用斯特拉勒面积-高程分析法对东川城区后山的3条泥石流沟的危险度进行评价研究。结果表明,深沟和石羊沟的斯特拉勒面积-高程值分别为0.580和0.520,泥石流沟谷正由发育的中年末期向老年期演化,泥石流危险度较低;尼拉姑沟的斯特拉勒面积-高程值为0.452,处于沟谷发育的旺盛时期,泥石流危险度较高,计算结果与当地实际情况有较好的一致性。     

四川布拖县扎台沟泥石流微地貌及成灾特性

扎台沟为一老泥石流沟,历史上曾多次发生过泥石流。通过野外考察、实验分析和理论计算,扎台沟流域面积4.86km2,主沟长4.53km,主沟平均纵比降420‰。共发育5条主要支沟,流域切割密度2.19km/km2,源头海拔3100m,沟口海拔1197m,主沟相对高差1903m,与西溪河以62°交角汇入。扎台沟为中高频率-中大规模粘性泥石流沟,目前已辩明,近1000a内至少发生过3次大规模泥石流,泥石流重度2.0t/m3,沟道堵塞系数1.5。扎台沟50a一遇和100a一遇泥石流流量分别为155.77m3/s和178.19m3/s;50a一遇和100a一遇泥石流固体物质冲出量分别为16.39×104m3及18.14×104m3,是一条中度危险的泥石流沟,对下游水电站其中一处拟选坝址有一定影响。如无法避开扎台沟泥石流对拟选坝址的影响,可考虑对该泥石流沟采取选择性整治工程措施。     

数量化理论在泥石流灾害预测预报中的应用--以吉林和龙市泥石流为例

和龙市地处长白山脉东北部,地质环境质量较差,区内常有泥石流、崩塌、滑坡等地质灾害发生。该市东城区具备形成泥石流的条件,泥石流发生频繁。2002年7月间,该市境内连降暴雨,日最大降雨量达69.8mm,导致多处暴发泥石流,造成较大灾害。文章根据东城区34条泥石流沟的调查资料,采用数量化理论对泥石流易发程度进行统计分析,建立了泥石流易发程度预测模型。计算获得的预测值与实测值相接近。     

RESPONSE OF THE ATMOSPHERIC GENERAL CIRCULATION TO WINTER SNOW COVER ANOMALY*

In this paper,the response of the atmospheric general circulation to winter anomalous snow cover was investigated through observations studies and model simulation.Results from the observations show that:(1)the anomalous winter snow cover in the extratropics of Eurasian Continent bears an intimate relation to the contemporary atmospheric general circulation.The positive anomaly of winter snow cover is usually accompanied by positive atmospheric EUP teleconnection pattern and stronger East Asian winter monsoon:or vice versa.(2)The linkage between them suggests that the abnormal winter snow cover has an important impact on winter atmospheric general circulation.The anomalous snow cover pattern can lead to the anomaly of winter atmospheric EUP teleconnection pattern and thus influence East Asian Winter monsoon.With NCAR CCM2 including BATS land surface scheme,three groups of experiments were performed to examine the atmospheric response to the anomalous snow cover pattern and explore the relevant mechanism.Simulated results agree well with the observations,which testify the significant response of the atmosphere to snow cover anomaly.It is found that the radiative cooling induced by anomalous snow cover plays an important role in above processes,and the feedback of long-wave radiation can not be neglected.     

青藏高原东部积雪日数特征的分析

本文利用青藏高原曲麻来、托托河和玉树三站的32年逐日积雪实测资料,进行了统计分析,得出了它们的时间变化特征,并对Elnino现象的发生作了简单的联系。     

RESEARCH ON FORECASTING STORM DEBRIS FLOWS

１ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＢａｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｍｏｕｎｔａｉｎｓｔｒｅａｍｃｌａｓｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｈａｚａｒｄｚｏｎｅｍａｐｐｉｎｇ（Ｗａｎｇｅｔａｌ,１９９６;ａｎｄＷａｎｇｅｔａｌ,１９９８）,ａｓｗｅｌａｓｔｈｅｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｉｏ...     

冰川,积雪及泥石流灾害研究的回顾与设想

文章总结了４０年来中国科学院兰州冻川冻土研究所在冰川,积雪和泥石流灾害研究中取得的重要成果与进展,分析了冰雪和泥石流灾害的形势,提出了灾害研究的主要方向,其中有加强全球变化对灾害形成和发展的影响研究,以及国家经济建设重心西移后,人类活动可能造成的各类灾害的预研究等,最后提出了应采取的一些措施。     

新疆库鲁克塔格地区辛格尔变质核杂岩特征

辛格尔一带的前震旦纪古老变质岩系为一系列的变质核杂岩。其内核由早—中太古代古陆核组成 ,外核为晚太古代、古元古代、中元古代、新元古代早期变质岩系构成的多层次构造增生楔 ,并有多期剥离断层配套。新元古宙代晚期震旦系为盖层。它是地壳多期伸缩构造的产物。变质核杂岩体是一个有利于成矿的构造体系。辛格尔变质核杂岩构造是一个对有色和贵金属等矿产成矿的有利构造     

Meso-Cenozioc Tectonic Attribute of Southern China and Folding of the Nanhua (South Cathay) Orogenic Belt

The Meso-Cenozoic tectonic attribute of southern China is a continental tridirectional orogenic belt formed by subsynchronous interaction among the Tethys, Northwest Pacific and Kunlun-Qinling tectonic domains. It was created by superimposition of repeated orogenies since the Late Permian. The Indosinian folds therein are gentle and localized.