Some Observations on the Use of Data from Historical Documents in Debris-Flow Studies

The knowledge of past events is important for the assessment of debris-flow hazard. Amongst the sources of information, documents from historical archives are particularly important in sites where the debris flows cause damage to urban areas and transportation routes. The paper analyses the availability of historical documents on debris flows in Northeastern Italy and discusses factors that can influence the building of time series from archive data both at regional and single basin scales. An increased number of debris flows was observed in the studied region for the last decades. This could be due both to an increased frequency of the events and to a larger availability of information: the analysis carried out indicates that the latter factor is probably the most influencing. The importance of factors, which affect the collection of data, including the conservation of documents and the presence and fragility of the elements at risk, is stressed in view of a wise use of historical data on debris flows.     

Low temperature volatile production at the Lost City Hydrothermal Field, evidence from a hydrogen stable isotope geothermometer

Although commonly utilized in continental geothermal work, the water-hydrogen and methane-hydrogen isotope geothermometers have been neglected in hydrothermal studies. Here we report δD-CH₄ and δD-H₂ values from high-temperature, black smoker-type hydrothermal vents and low-temperature carbonate-hosted samples from the recently discovered Lost City Hydrothermal Field. Methane deuterium content is uniform across the dataset at − 120 ± 12‰. Hydrogen δD values vary from − 420‰ to − 330‰ at high-temperature vents to − 700‰ to − 600‰ at Lost City. The application of several geothermometer equations to a suite of hydrothermal vent volatile samples reveals that predicted temperatures are similar to measured vent temperatures at high-temperature vents, and 20-60 °C higher than those measured at the Lost City vents. We conclude that the overestimation of temperature at Lost City reflects 1) that methane and hydrogen are produced by serpentinization at > 110 °C, and 2) that isotopic equilibrium at temperatures < 70 °C is mediated by microbial sulfate reduction. The successful application of hydrogen isotope geothermometers to low-temperature Lost City hydrothermal samples encourages its employment with low-temperature diffuse hydrothermal fluids.     

数据仓库技术与其在地质调查中的应用

正1数据仓库研究背景随着信息化、现代科技与商业智能技术的快速发展,数据量正以指数的形式快速增长,隐藏着巨大的商业价值。近年来,随着传统数据库技术的广泛应用,在同一机构中,通常存在着多个运行在不同软硬件平台上的系统,数据的存储彼此独立,相互隔绝,呈现出多元异构的特征,难以达到数据共享的目的,形成了一个个"数据孤岛"(陈跃国等,2004)。为了将纷繁复杂的信息进行保存、使用和     

网络存储技术在石油地震数据处理中的应用

针对油田局域网的特点,利用网络存储技术中的SOCKET编程方法,结合Linux或Unix系统中的常驻进程及输入输出控制技术解决海量地震数据交换的问题,这个方法可以实现远程磁带或磁盘数据的读取。对常用的地震数据SEGY格式及其存储特点进行分析,在SEG-Y格式的地震数据的读写技术中,采用位运算的方式解决移位及浮点数的读写操作。网络存储技术的应用实现了远程海量地震数据的存取,位运算方法提高了地震数据输入输出的速度。     

地质大数据特点及其合理开发利用

大数据的合理开发与利用将开辟一个新的认知空间,提出解决各种实际问题的新模式,催生一个前所未有的数字经济新领域和开创一个新的人类生活方式。"数学地质"与"信息技术"结合形成"数字地质"。"数字地质"是地质科学的"数据科学"。地质数据科学是用数据的方法研究地质学,根据地质数据的特点和地质工作的需要研究和开发利用地质大数据。本文概述了地质数据的混合性、抽样性、因果性、时空性、多态性和多元性等主要特点,提出地质大数据的开发利用宜首先建立"知识库",据此建立"数据库""模型库"和"方法库",以便有针对性地做到获取、分析、研究和应用大数据。     

不断研究地震勘探新技术努力提高煤田勘探精度

重视地震勘探新技术的研究,充分发挥地震勘探的优势,提高地震勘探的精度,地震勘探才会有更广泛的市场,赢得更好的社会效益和经济效益。     

Isotopic Composition of Dissolved Carbonates Meromictic Soda Lake Doroninskoe(Eastern Transbaikalia,Russia)

正1 Introduction Meromictic soda Lake Doroninskoe localized in the intermountain area,filled with continental sediments of the Mesozoic,in the upper basin of the river Amur.Coordinates of its location are N51°14'42"E112°14'40",     

松辽平原西部水文地质空间数据库建设方法

松辽平原西部地下水资源调查评价水文地质空间数据库应用MapGis软件作为图形工具平台,在建库过程中,遵循统一的建库标准和工作指南,进行属性数据库和空间数据库的建设.     

多级支挡结构地震主动土压力的极限分析

多级组合支挡结构形式在高边坡防护工程中得到了广泛采用,但现有研究却较少涉及这种支挡结构形式的地震土压力计算问题。应用拟静力法和塑性极限分析上限定理,并且基于强度折减技术,推导了重力式挡墙与两级锚杆挡墙组合支挡结构形式的地震主动土压力及其系数的上限解。该上限解考虑了水平和竖向地震系数、墙背倾角、坡面形式及多级支护方式、土体黏聚力、土体与墙背的黏附力等诸多因素。二级锚杆挡墙实例分析表明：静力条件下主动土压力计算值与现有相关方法的计算结果一致,土的抗剪强度折减系数、上挡墙锚杆轴力等参数,对下挡墙地震主动土压力影响显著。二级组合支挡结构地震主动土压力影响参数敏感性分析表明：水平地震系数以及重力式挡墙墙高和倾角的敏感性较大,上挡墙锚杆的轴力和倾角等参数的敏感性相对较小     

瞬变电磁法利用不完整数据进行一维反演的可行性分析

为充分利用已经采集获得的并不完整的瞬变电磁衰减曲线,以一维三层理论模型以及实测数据为例进行了计算,计算结果说明,在不能获得整条衰减曲线时,利用部份时段进行反演获取一定的的地质信息,是一种可行的补救措施。试验的前提是瞬变响应曲线是正常的符合衰减规律的曲线,而对于畸变的曲线是不适合的。