非饱和粉土静、动强度对比试验研究

针对非饱和重塑粉土,利用改进的可控制吸力式非饱和土静力-动力液压三轴-扭转多功能剪切仪,进行了多组固结排水非饱和土静、动三轴试验,探讨了非饱和粉土静、动强度特性,分析了粉土静三轴强度随固结压力、吸力变化的规律,以及动强度随固结压力、吸力以及破坏振动次数变化的规律,研究表明粉土静、动强度之间具有很强的相关性。最后,通过归一化处理提出了利用粉土的静三轴强度推求相应的动力强度曲线的公式,从而达到在非饱和土地基稳定性分析中减少工作量的目的。     

钢筋混凝土核心筒水平双向抗震性能研究

本文利用ABAQUS有限元分析软件,对双向水平往复荷载作用下的钢筋混凝土核心筒进行非线性分析,将所得结果与现有试验结果对比验证,明确了其破坏形态、承载力、刚度退化和耗能能力等抗震性能。研究结果表明,两个方向受力的耦合作用会导致刚度退化的加剧,降低其抗震性能;通过分析轴压比、连梁跨高比和截面长宽比等参数,并与单向加载下的结果对比,发现轴压比和连梁跨高比均是影响筒体破坏形态的重要因素,且两个方向的刚度差异则会导致筒体变形能力与延性有较大的降低;给出了考虑加载方式、洞口大小以及混凝土强度影响的核心筒在压、弯、剪、扭复合状态下的承载力计算公式,并与现有试验结果对比,吻合较好。     

一种大型循环单剪试验装置研究

循环单剪试验被认为是研究地震场地中土体动力特性最合适的方法。为减小尺寸效应影响及解决工程中广泛存在的加筋土及粗颗粒土动力特性测试问题,研究大尺寸循环单剪试验方法具有重要意义。基于此,介绍了一种大型循环单剪试验装置,采用竖向线性滑动轨道约束上加载板和采用水平滑动轨道约束下加载板,确保前者仅发生竖向平动,后者仅发生水平平动,采用层叠的、带层间橡胶膜、分离式4点支撑的钢筋环构成的柔性剪切箱为试验提供侧向边界约束,确保了对单剪土样加载边界条件的真实模拟。针对土工格室加筋橡胶砂的测试结果表明：大型循环单剪试验装置得到的土动应力-动应变关系较好地反映了土在循环荷载作用下的滞回性、非线性和棘轮特性,大型循环单剪试验装置得到的 - 和 - 曲线变化规律与常规尺寸试验基本一致,证明其具有可行性;大尺寸试验得到的动剪模量特性与常规尺寸试验之间的差异,与单剪试验尺寸效应结论相符;试验中阻尼比特性受尺寸效应影响的规律性不明显。     

Three‐dimensional beam‐truss model for reinforced concrete walls and slabs – part 1: modeling approach,validation, and parametric study for individual reinforced concrete walls

A three‐dimensional beam‐truss model for reinforced concrete (RC) walls developed by the first two authors in a previous study is modified to better represent the flexure–shear interaction and more accurately capture diagonal shear failures under static cyclic or dynamic loading. The modifications pertain to the element formulations and the determination of the inclination angle of the diagonal elements. The modified beam‐truss model is validated using the experimental test data of eight RC walls subjected to static cyclic loading, including two non‐planar RC walls under multiaxial cyclic loading. Five of the walls considered experienced diagonal shear failure after reaching their flexural strength, while the other three walls had a flexure‐dominated response. The numerically computed lateral force–lateral displacement and strain contours are compared with the experimentally recorded response and damage patterns for the walls. The effects of different model parameters on the computed results are examined by means of parametric analyses. Extension of the model to simulate RC slabs and coupled RC walls is presented in a companion paper. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Out‐of‐plane stability assessment of buckling‐restrained braces including connections with chevron configuration

One of the key limit states of buckling‐restrained braces (BRBs) is global flexural buckling including the effects of the connections. The authors have previously proposed a unified explicit equation set for controlling the out‐of‐plane stability of BRBs based on bending‐moment transfer capacity at the restrainer ends. The proposed equation set is capable of estimating BRB stability for various connection stiffnesses, including initial out‐of‐plane drift effects. However, it is only valid for symmetrical end conditions, limiting application to the single diagonal configuration. In the chevron configuration, the out‐of‐plane stiffness in the two ends differs because of the rotation of the attached beam. In this study, the equation set is extended to BRBs with asymmetric end conditions, such as the chevron configuration. Cyclic loading tests of the chevron configuration with initial out‐of‐plane drifts are conducted, and the results are compared with the proposed equation set, which is formulated as a function of the normalized stiffness of the attached beam. © 2016 The Authors. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. © 2016 The Authors. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

冻融作用下带构造柱砖墙抗震性能试验研究

以4榀相同特性的带构造柱砖墙为研究对象,分别进行0、40、80及120次冻融循环试验和低周反复荷载试验,来研究冻融环境对砌体结构抗震性能的影响。试验结果表明:随着冻融循环次数的增加,裂缝出现更早,发展更为迅速,破坏程度更加严重,承载力、刚度、耗能、延性均出现明显的衰减。本文从宏观和微观两个方面对遭受冻融作用砖墙进行了损伤机理的分析。     

Accumulative deformation in railway track induced by high-speed traffic loading of the trains

Prediction and control of the permanent settlement of a track caused by traffic loading from trains is crucial to high-speed railway design and maintenance. In this study, a unified prediction model of accumulative deformation of geomaterials used in railway construction subjected to cyclic loadings is introduced and calibrated using physical model testing. Based on this versatile model, a calculation approach to determine the track structure settlement under repeated loadings caused by the movement of the wheel axle of the train is proposed. Regression analysis on the physical model testing is adopted to determine the parameters involved in the computational approach. Comparison of model test data and computed results shows that the parameters obtained from the back-analysis are consistent throughout the various testing conditions, and the proposed calculation approach is capable of satisfactorily predicting the accumulative settlement of the railway roadbed and subgrade soil for various axle loads and loading cycles. A case study of a high-speed railway is performed to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach in realistic engineering applications. The computation results from the settlement development of a roadbed and subgrade soil are presented and discussed.     

全球及中国大陆周边强震活动状态研究

本文应用中国地震台网给出的全球大震目录, 结合前人的研究, 分析了1900年以来全球M_S≥8.0巨大地震活动的时间变化与M_S≥7.8大地震的空间迁移特征, 同时还探讨了包含中国大陆西部及其周边的“大三角”地区M_S≥7.8地震的发展态势。 20世纪全球百年的大震活动表现为20世纪前半叶活动强而后半叶活动弱的前高后低的活动特点, 而进入21世纪以来有增强活动显示, 呈现百年左右起伏的长期变化。 在这百年尺度的起伏之中还含有20年左右的韵律变化, 主要显示为地中海—喜马拉雅地震带巨大地震的平静—活跃交替活动特征。 根据大震活动的起伏特征和地中海—喜马拉雅地震带幕式活动特性, 进入21世纪以来, 地中海—喜马拉雅带巨震频繁发生, 显示其地震活动显著增强的高活动态势。 通过计算中国大陆西部及周边地区的不同震级地震的变异系数C_v发现, 7.0级以上强震与7.8级以上大地震活动类型不同; 采用对数正态分布对M_S≥7.8地震活动进程进行拟合分析发现, 到2015年的累积发震概率达0.80, 到2020年的累积发震概率达0.89, 表明与中国大陆关系紧密的“大三角区”已进入大地震活跃时段。     

Waveform Effect on Fatigue Properties of Intact Sandstone in Uniaxial Cyclical Loading

Summary. The effect of loading waveform and amplitude on the fatigue behaviour of intact sandstone was investigated using uniaxial cyclic loading conditions in the laboratory. In the first set of experiments sinusoidal, ramp and square waveforms were used at loading frequency of 5Hz and peak amplitude of 0.05mm. In another set of experiments, tests were conducted at a range of amplitudes varying from 0.05 to 0.3mm at 5Hz frequency using sinusoidal and ramp waveforms. It was found that loading waveform as well as amplitude is of great significance and affects the rock behaviour. It was found that fatigue behaviour is a function of the cyclic energy of the load and the shape of the waveform. Damage accumulated most rapidly under square waveforms with a high energy requirement. A ramp waveform was the least damaging of those considered. The loading waveforms strongly influenced the damage accumulation under cyclic loading conditions. Finally, it is concluded that machine behaviour in terms of amplitude affected the rock behaviour. This study has practical significance to the behaviour of rock and rock masses within the excavation systems subjected to cyclic loading.