地铁循环荷载作用下交叉隧道沉降分析

采用FLAC3D软件建立了交叉隧道的三维有限差分模型,以人工数定激励力模拟列车荷载,计算列车动荷载作用下土体的变形和应力。采用修正动偏应力长期沉降计算模型,结合分层总和法计算软土的沉降,预测交叉隧道的长期沉降规律。分析3种不同行车工况下地基长期沉降,工况1为一辆列车单独通过1#隧道,工况2为一辆列车单独通过2#隧道,工况3为两辆列车同时通过1#和2#隧道。对比不同的列车行驶速度、隧道衬砌刚度及厚度对隧道地基的长期影响。结果表明,由列车荷载引起的地基沉降主要集中在距隧道中心轴20 m范围内;在工况3下土体沉降大于工况1、2沉降之和;车速越快,沉降越小;衬砌刚度和厚度越小,沉降越大,且衬砌厚度对沉降的影响较大,衬砌刚度影响较小。     

分级循环荷载下岩石动力学行为试验研究

利用WDT-1500多功能材料试验机,对砂岩、砾岩和砂砾岩进行了分级循环荷载试验,研究了岩石的动弹性模量对应力幅值和应力水平的响应特性,得到了动弹性模量和耗散能随应力幅值、应力水平及含水率的变化规律。试验结果表明,分级循环荷载下岩石的能量耗散越多,动弹性模量越小;应力水平越高,动弹性模量和耗散能越大;含水率和应力幅值越大,动弹性模量越小,耗散能越大。讨论了邓肯-张模型能够描述分级循环荷载作用下岩石的应力-应变关系,构建了动弹性模量随应力水平、应力幅值及含水率变化的演化模型,探讨了模型参数的确定方法。根据能量耗散的经验法则,建立了耗散能演化模型,结果表明,该模型能够描述分级循环荷载过程中能量耗散行为。     

Out‐of‐plane stability of buckling‐restrained braces including moment transfer capacity

Buckling‐restrained braces (BRBs) are widely used as ductile seismic‐resistant and energy‐dissipating structural members in seismic regions. Although BRBs are expected to exhibit stable hysteresis under cyclic axial loading, one of the key limit states is global flexural buckling, which can produce an undesirable response. Many prior studies have indicated the possibility of global buckling of a BRB before its core yields owing to connection failure. In this paper, BRB stability concepts are presented, including their bending‐moment transfer capacity at restrainer ends for various connection stiffness values with initial out‐of‐plane drifts, and a unified simple equation set for ensuring BRB stability is proposed. Moreover, a series of cyclic loading tests with initial out‐of‐plane drifts are conducted, and the results are compared with those of the proposed equations. © 2013 The Authors. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

钢管约束混凝土压弯构件滞回性能的实验研究

进行了12个钢管约束混凝土压弯构件在往复荷载作用下的荷载-变形滞回性能的实验研究,包括6个圆试件和6个方试件。考察的主要参数是构件的轴压比。通过实验观察了这类构件在往复荷载作用下的破坏模态并分析了其荷载-变形滞回曲线的特点以及刚度退化规律,同时对钢管约束混凝土压弯构件极限承载力和抗弯刚度计算方法进行了初步探讨。     

Analytical Theory for One-Dimensional Consolidation of Soil Induced by Time-Dependent Pumping and Loading

Analytical solutions are derived for one-dimensional consolidation induced by time-dependent pumping and loading, in which both the effects of different pumping types and loading conditions are considered, i.e., step pumping, cyclic pumping, constant loading, and step loading. Based on the solutions obtained, some diagrams are prepared and the relevant consolidation behavior of soil is discussed in detail. It has been shown that the consolidation behavior is greatly influenced by pumping velocity, loading pressure, pumping and loading type.     

Cyclic behavior of natural organic clay under variable confining pressure that match traffic loading conditions

ABSTRACT

One-way cyclic loading is more typical for traffic loading and cyclic triaxial test has been recognized as a useful method for solving many engineering problems. Under traffic loading, the influence of variable confining pressure on cyclic behavior of natural organic clay subjected to cyclic traffic loading is rarely reported in the literature. In this study, a laboratory investigation on undrained cyclic behavior of natural organic clay is presented and conducted by cyclic triaxial apparatus. Tests are conducted by both constant confining pressure and variable confining pressure, to simulate the loading conditions induced by passing vehicles in actual engineering. Different stress levels are also considered in this study. By comparing between the results of constant confining pressure tests and variable confining pressure tests, it shows that the one-way cyclic behavior of organic clay is influenced significantly by variation of confining pressure, in terms of pore water pressure, permanent axial strain and stress–strain hysteretic loops.     

循环荷载下加固土体孔压的模糊正交试验分析

针对地铁循环荷载下加固软粘土的孔隙水压力发展规律,对上海地铁4号线宝山-海伦引导段隧道周围的加固软黏土进行室内GDS循环三轴试验。结合重复正交设计法安排试验,借助模糊数学的理论与方法处理试验数据,充分考虑了振动频率（0.5、1.5、2.5 Hz）、动应力幅值（20、30、40 kPa）、固结比（1、1.4、2）以及超固结比（1、1.5、2）对土体孔隙水压力的影响。研究结果表明:振动频率、动应力幅值、固结比及超固结比对加固软黏土孔隙水压力的影响率分别为0.722、15.821、0.944及6.628;这说明影响加固软粘土孔隙水压力变化的主要因素是动应力幅值及超固结比,而固结比和振动频率的影响不显著。     

杭州湾浅层粉土动力特性研究

选用杭州湾广泛分布的浅层粉土为研究对象,进行了一系列动三轴加载试验,研究了结构性、加载频率及动应力对杭州湾海底浅层粉土动应变、临界循环应力比和动强度的影响。试验结果表明,同一加载条件下,重塑样比原状样在更小振次内达到破坏,原状样动强度大于重塑样;结构性是影响土样动强度的重要因素,结构性对土样强度的影响随着动应力的增大而增强,随着频率的增大而减弱;加载频率的变化也对试样动力特性有较大影响,随着频率的增大,试样达到破坏所需振次加大,试样临界循环应力比也随之增大。     

钢纤维增强十字形异形柱中节点的抗震性能试验

针对异形柱节点的薄弱特性,通过在节点处掺加钢纤维,对比了钢纤维增强的异形柱中节点和未掺加钢纤维的普通混凝土异形柱中节点的破坏特征、承载力、延性、滞回性能和刚度退化等抗震性能指标。结果表明:钢纤维增强的异形柱节点试件承载力明显提高,节点核心区破坏程度明显较轻,加载后期,刚度保持效果有明显改善,说明钢纤维可以提高异形柱节点的抗震能力。