Dynamic performance of angle-steel concrete columns under low cyclic loading-Ⅱ： parametric study

Tests of nine angle-steel concrete column （ASCC） specimens under low cyclic loading are described in a companion paper （Zheng and Ji, 2008）. In this paper, the skeleton curves from the numerical simulation are presented, and show good agreement with the test results. Furthermore, parametric studies are conducted to explore the influence of factors such as the axial compression ratio, shear steel plate ratio, steel ratio, prismatic concrete compression strength, yield strength of angle steel and shear span ratio, etc., on the monotonic load-displacement curves of the ASCCs. Based on a statistical analysis of the calculated results, hysteretic models for load-displacement and moment-curvature are proposed, which agree well with the test results. Finally, some suggestions concerning the conformation of ASCCs are proposed, which could be useful in engineering practice.     

饱和场地土动力特性试验研究

在工程实际中认为饱和度超过80 %即为饱和土,但在室内土工试验中制作的土样饱和度达95 %以上,后者经过试验测定,动力参数与前者实际上有一定差异。在50,100,200 kPa三种固结压力下分别对饱和度为95 %,92 %,88 %,83 %的饱和土样进行了循环单剪试验,得到了4种土样在3种固结压力下的最大动剪模量Gdmax和最大阻尼比Dmax,以及动剪模量比G/Gdmax-? 和阻尼比D/Dmax-? 归一化数值,并进行了对比分析。结果表明：在同一固结压力下,土样的Gdmax,Dmax,G/Gdmax随着饱和度增大有相对递减的趋势,而阻尼比D/Dmax数值随着饱和度加大而逐渐增加;随着固结压力的增大,4种土样的Gdmax,Dmax以及G/Gdmax-? (? 为动剪应变)数值上差异逐渐减小。最后对此种现象进行了讨论并分析其产生的原因。     

软土中桶型基础水平循环承载力的模型试验

利用真空预压方法制备了一个大尺寸软黏土模型试验土池,进行了不同竖向静荷载与水平循环荷载共同作用下软土中单桶基础承载力的模型试验,研究了竖向静荷载与水平循环荷载对基础承载力的影响。结果表明,基础的水平循环承载力小于静承载力;导致基础破坏的循环荷载与循环次数取决于竖向静荷载。竖向静荷载越大,与同一循环破坏次数对应的循环荷载就越小。依据模型试验土的循环强度变化关系,采用弹塑性有限元计算方法对模型试验进行了数值模拟,计算与试验结果基本吻合,表明可以依据软黏土的循环强度变化关系,通过弹塑性有限元数值计算评价软土地基中桶型基础的水平循环承载力。     

Reinforced concrete beam–column joints with crossed inclined bars under cyclic deformations

This experimental study investigates the effectiveness of crossed inclined bars (X‐bars) as joint shear reinforcement in exterior reinforced concrete beam–column connections under cyclic deformations. Test results of 20 joint subassemblages with various reinforcement ratios and arrangements including X‐bars in the joint area are presented. The X‐type, non‐conventional reinforcement is examined as the only joint reinforcement and in combination with common stirrups or vertical bars. The experimental results reported herein include full loading cycle curves, energy dissipation values and a categorization of the observed damage modes. Based on the comparisons between the overall hysteretic responses of the tested specimens, it is deduced that joints with X‐bars exhibited enhanced cyclic performance and improved damage mode since a distinct flexural hinge was developed in the beam–joint interface. Further, the combination of crossed inclined bars and stirrups in joint area resulted in enhanced hysteretic response and excellent performance capabilities of the specimens. However, in some specimens with X‐bars as the only joint shear reinforcement, the deformations of the bent anchorage of the beam's bars caused considerable damages at the back of the joint area. Discussion for a potential replacement of the joint stirrups with X‐type reinforcement in some cases of exterior joints is also included. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

K0固结条件下砂土的循环剪切特性试验研究

利用土工静力-动力液压三轴-扭转多功能剪切仪,针对福建标准砂Dr = 30 %,在K0固结条件下,进行不同围压下的循环三轴试验,探讨了K0固结过程和K0固结条件下砂土的孔隙水压力特性与强度特性,并与原有均等固结条件和非均等固结条件下的循环三轴试验进行对比分析。通过分析和比较表明,砂土的K0固结试验过程可以分为两个阶段,第1个阶段是初期的缓慢变形阶段,第2个阶段是后期的稳定发展阶段,围压对静止土压力系数K0的测定有一定影响。不同固结过程对砂土动孔隙水压力的发展有很大的影响,K0固结条件下试样出现明显的剪胀现象。另外,K0固结条件下砂土动强度高于非均等固结条件（Kc = 1.67）下砂土动强度,低于非均等固结条件（Kc =2.94）下砂土动强度。     

初始应力条件对松砂动力变形特性影响的试验研究

实际建筑物地基或土坡中土体在地震或波浪等复杂动力荷载作用前往往处于复杂的初始应力状态,而常规的土工动力试验通常无法再现这种复杂固结应力条件下土的动力特性。利用最新研制开发的土工静力-动力液压三轴-扭转多功能剪切仪,针对福建标准砂（ %）,进行了循环扭剪试验,探讨了初始主应力方向角 和初始偏应力比 等初始固结条件对松砂动剪切模量G和阻尼比 等动力变形特性的影响。     

Numerical modeling of centrifuge cyclic lateral pile load experiments

To gain insight into the inelastic behavior of piles, the response of a vertical pile embedded in dry sand and subjected to cyclic lateral loading was studied experimentally in centrifuge tests conducted in Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées. Three types of cyclic loading were applied, two asymmetric and one symmetric with respect to the unloaded pile. An approximately square-root variation of soil stiffness with depth was obtained from indirect in-flight density measurements, laboratory tests on re...     

循环荷载下砂土液化特性颗粒流数值模拟

利用PFC2D常体积循环双轴试验条件,对砂土在不排水循环荷载作用下的液化特性进行了颗粒流数值模拟,数值模拟按等应力幅加荷方式进行。颗粒流数值模拟的优点在于得到试样液化宏观力学表现的同时,通过不同循环加荷时刻试样内细观组构参量（包括配位数、接触法向分布、粒间法向接触力、粒间切向接触力）的演化规律,分析砂土液化过程中细观组构变化与宏观力学响应之间的内在联系,从而可进一步探讨砂土液化的细观力学机制。数值模拟研究结果表明,砂土液化现象在宏观力学表现上反映为超静孔隙水压力的累积上升和平均有效主应力的不断减小,在细观组构上对应于配位数的累积损失和粒间接触力的不断减小。砂土液化细观机制分析表明,试样配位数的减少与循环加荷过程中组构各向异性滞后于应力各向异性有关。     

地基液化导致沉箱码头破坏及地基加固方法的非线性数值分析

地震作用引发的地基液化,往往导致沉箱基础的破坏。本文基于Biot两相饱和多孔介质动力耦合理论,采用FE-FD耦合数值分析方法,对液化海床沉箱基础的地震反应进行非线性有效应力分析。在数值分析过程中,建立了以土骨架位移和超静孔隙水压力表达的us-pw动力固结方程和循环弹塑性本构模型,该方法能够很好地模拟地震作用下沉箱码头的动力特性及液化破坏的影响。通过数值模拟计算,分析了采用碎石桩进行置换砂区域的防液化加固方法,并就碎石桩处理区域的选择提出了建议。     

南京片状细砂不排水循环三轴试验的数值仿真

基于软件ABAQUS的二次开发平台,引入Byrne修正的Martin和Finn孔压应变模型,并与土体动力黏塑性记忆型嵌套面模型相结合,通过编制Fortran子程序,嵌入到软件ABAQUS中,实现了软件ABAQUS的有效应力算法,对南京片状细砂土的不排水循环三轴试验进行三维数值仿真。通过与循环三轴试验结果的比较,发现数值模拟结果基本上能再现南京片状细砂的不排水循环特性,如不排水循环三轴试验的动应力?应变关系、应变累积、应变软化等;且数值仿真结果较好地反映了试验结果的振动孔压发展特征。研究的意义在于理想三维数值模拟试验能够突破常规的室内土工试验能力及其局限性,这为今后饱和砂土不排水循环特性的宏、细观机理的进一步研究奠定了基础。