A new macromodel for the assessment of the seismic response of infilled RC frames

Numerous research studies have proved that numerical models aiming at an accurate evaluation of the seismic response of RC framed buildings cannot ignore the inelastic behaviour of infills and the interaction between infill and frame elements. To limit the high computational burden of refined non-linear finite element models, in the latest decades, many researchers have developed simplified infill models by means of single or multiple strut-elements. These models are low time-consuming and thus adequate for static and dynamic analyses of multi-storey structures. However, their simulation of the seismic response is sometimes unsatisfying, particularly in the presence of infill walls with regular or (particularly) irregular distributions of openings. This paper presents a new 2D plane macro-element, which provides a refined simulation of the non-linear cyclic response of infilled framed structures at the expense of a limited computational cost. The macro-element consists of an articulated quadrilateral panel, a single 1D diagonal link, and eight 2D links and is able to model the shear and flexural behaviour of the infill and the non-linear flexural/sliding interaction between infill and surrounding frame. The proposed macro-element has been implemented into the open source software OpenSees and used to simulate the response of single-storey, single-span RC infilled frame prototypes tested by other authors. The above prototypes are selected as made of different masonry units and characterised by full or open geometric configuration.     

循环荷载作用下合成纤维系缆粘弹塑性应力应变关系

在循环载荷作用下,合成纤维系缆的应力应变关系表现出明显的非线性特性,直接影响系泊缆绳的动力响应。如何针对其在循环载荷作用下的应力应变关系进行准确的定量描述是有关绷紧式系泊系统设计的关键问题。国内外研究者之前的研究不能反映缆绳的载荷历史、蠕变特性以及刚度变化过程,因此提出一个粘弹性粘塑性模型来描述合成纤维系缆的应力应变关系。本模型能够反映合成纤维缆绳的时间变化特性以及在整个加载—卸载过程中的刚度变化。此外,提出了明确的参数确定方法及步骤,基于简单的蠕变实验可以确定模型的各个参数。将两种载荷条件下聚酯缆绳的实验结果与模型结果进行对比,二者吻合较好,证明了模型的有效性和可靠性。本研究对于绷紧式系泊系统的研发和工程应用具有重要意义。     

循环应力比和振动频率对盐渍土微观结构影响分析

以青海省察尔汗地区盐渍土为研究对象, 借助扫描电子显微镜（SEM）设备和颗粒孔隙及裂隙图像识别与分析系统（PCAS）, 应用图像分割原理和分形理论, 对交通循环荷载作用下的盐渍土微观结构进行研究, 探讨不同循环应力比和不同振动频率下孔隙分布特征及其微观机制。结果表明： 循环应力比R由0.375增加到0.75, 临界破坏动应变由2.32%增高到3.17%, 动载循环次数相应减少; 振动频率f由0.5 Hz增加到2.0 Hz, 临界破坏动应变由2.82%减小到2.48%, 动载循环次数相应增多; 盐渍土孔隙参数随循环应力比的增大, 孔隙尺度分维值D_v 增长了0.12, 概率熵H_m 减小了0.017, 孔隙的形态分形维数D减小了0.27, 平均形状系数F增加了0.14, 变化规律较明显; 随振动频率的增大, D_v 增长了0.014, H_m 减小了0.002, D变化了0.06, F变化了0.003, 变化规律不明显; 在动荷载作用下, 试样的孔隙空间排列与宏观上的褶皱鼓状变形具有一致性。通过未加载试样与加载后试样的微观结构参数变化对比, 从循环应力比和振动频率对盐渍土微观孔隙特征的影响到宏观变形的相互作用机制进行了系统分析。     

南沙珊瑚砂的动剪切模量和阻尼比特性试验研究

珊瑚砂的物理力学性质与陆相沉积物有显著的差异。对南沙岛礁饱和珊瑚砂进行了不排水应变控制分级循环加载动三轴试验,研究了有效围压 和相对密实度Dr对饱和珊瑚砂动剪切模量和阻尼比特性的影响。通过与陆源砂砾土试验结果的对比发现：珊瑚砂与陆源砂砾土在最大动剪切模量Gmax、动剪切模量比G/Gmax曲线及其上下界、参考剪应变 、阻尼比? 曲线及其上下界等均存在显著的差异;珊瑚砂的Gmax比陆源砂的大,采用陆源砂Gmax的经验模型,珊瑚砂的Gmax将被低估约30%;珊瑚砂的非线性稍弱于陆源砂砾土,陆源砂砾土G/Gmax和? 的经验公式不适用于珊瑚砂。给出了珊瑚砂G/Gmax和? 的经验公式及相关参数。     

水平循环荷载下桩基变形特性的离心模型试验研究

波浪、船舶等长期水平循环荷载作用下,桩基将不可避免地产生附加应力和变形。针对饱和黏土地层,开展离心模型试验研究了船舶系泊水平荷载作用下单桩和群桩的变形特性。发现水平循环加-卸载诱发了桩周土体的塑性变形,进而导致桩身产生了不可恢复的水平位移和弯曲变形。随着循环荷载的增加,单桩和群桩的桩顶最大水平位移和残余水平位移均同时增加,但残余水平位移明显小于最大水平位移。单桩的桩顶残余水平位移与最大位移比值介于0.17～0.22;群桩的桩顶残余水平位移与最大水平位移比值介于0.30～0.84。水平循环加-卸载作用下,桩身残余弯曲应变明显小于最大弯曲应变。单桩的残余弯曲应变与最大弯曲应变比值介于0.13～0.50;群桩的桩身残余弯曲应变与最大弯曲应变比值介于0.23～0.82。群桩前桩的残余和最大弯曲应变明显大于后桩,前桩与后桩的最大弯曲应变、残余应变比值分别高达3.2和3.1。因此,前桩要采取合理的加固和保护措施,以确保桩基长期服役的安全性。     

黏土中桶式基础的宏单元模拟

本研究旨在对黏土中的桶式基础进行从完整的有限元分析到简化的宏单元的建模。首先通过有限元方法分析了在不同单调组合荷载作用下的黏土中吸力桶基础。为保证模拟结果的可靠性,采用了硬化土模型（HS）对正常固结黏土地基进行模拟。通过对比离心试验验证了使用HS模型的有限元分析的有效性,并通过径向位移试验进一步延伸到V-H-M（竖向力-水平力-弯矩）空间的破坏模式研究,并在此基础上,提出了的V-H-M空间三维破坏包络面公式。接着,应用此三维破坏包络面公式,采用亚塑性框架提出了黏土中桶式基础的宏单元设计模型。通过与试验结果的比较,验证了宏单元模型在模拟单调和循环荷载条件下桶式基础的强度与变形响应的有效性。所提的宏单元模型对于海洋岩土工程设计实践将很有帮助。     

不同延性条件下框架柱塑性铰区箍筋抗剪能力试验研究

允许钢筋混凝土框架柱端出现塑性铰但又不形成柱铰破坏机构是一个十分现实而又未得以很好解决的课题。通过10个钢筋混凝土框架柱构件抗震剪切抗力的试验研究,明确了加载全过程骶架柱构件中箍筋与混凝土的抗剪贡献及比例,分析了框架柱塑性铰区抗剪机理,为框架柱基于延性的抗震设计提供了试验依据。     

HRB500级钢筋网轻骨料混凝土剪力墙抗震性能研究

我国混凝土结构工程中目前应用的非预应力钢筋强度为300~400MPa,比发达国家低1~2个等级,结构材料用量偏大,消耗了过多的资源和能源。通过拟静力试验,对两片HRB500级钢筋网轻骨料混凝剪力墙分别进行了在低周期反复荷载作用下受力性能的研究,观测了墙体的整个破坏过程,分析了墙体的强度、底部剪切变形和抗震性能。试验及分析表明,剪力墙具有较大的延性和耗能能力,为HRB500级钢筋用作抗震剪力墙的分布筋提供了试验依据。     

边缘约束构件对钢筋混凝土剪力墙抗震性能的影响

钢筋混凝土剪力墙是高层建筑中的主要抗侧力构件,边缘约束情况是影响剪力墙抗震性能的一个重要因素。为研究边缘约束构件对钢筋混凝土剪力墙抗震性能的影响,本文进行了三片边缘约束情况不同的钢筋混凝土剪力墙的低周反复试验,并对试验结果进行了分析,分析内容包括：破坏形态、水平承载力、位移延性系数、刚度退化、抗震耗能能力等方面。研究结果表明,合理地设置边缘约束能够扩大塑性破坏区域,提高试件的水平承载力,改善其抗震耗能性能。研究进一步发现,边缘纵筋配筋率在提高试件的水平承载力,改善其抗震耗能性能和刚度退化程度方面影响显著,而边缘配箍率对抗震性能的贡献在本次试验分析中表现得并不明显。     

Contribution of waves and currents to sediment resuspension in the Yellow River Delta

The objective of this study was to investigate that the effects of different hydrodynamic conditions on sediment resuspension on a tidal mudflat in the Yellow River Estuary. A field experiment was conducted on an intertidal flat of the Yellow River Delta, China. The sediment resuspension concentrations and hydrodynamic conditions were obtained in the field from September 2–7, 2013. The resuspended sediment concentrations induced by wave loading were compared with those induced by coupled wave–current actions in Yellow River Delta. The results were as follows: (1) when the wave height was higher than 10?cm and the shear stress induced by the waves was greater than the critical stress of the seabed sediments, the surface seabed was eroded and sediment was resuspended. In addition, 60% of the significant wave heights were larger than 10?cm on the intertidal flat of the Yellow River Delta. (2) The contribution of waves to sediment resuspension was greater than 30% when the significant wave height is higher than 10?cm, and the average contribution of waves to sediment resuspension was 51%. The mechanism of wave-induced sediment resuspension and processes of sediment resuspension were described in this paper.