Characteristics of Pore Water Pressure of Saturated Silt Under Wave Loading

The characteristics of dynamic stress in the seabed under wave loading are constant principal stress and continuous rotation of the principal stress direction.Cyclic triaxial-torsional coupling shear tests were performed on saturated silt by the hollow cylinder apparatus under different relative densities,deviator stress ratios and vibration frequencies to study the development of pore water pressure of the saturated silt under wave loading.It was found that the development of pore water pressure follows the trend of "fast～steady～drastic".The turning point from fast to steady stage is not affected by relative density and deviator stress ratio.However,the turning point from steady to drastic stage relies on relative density and deviator stress ratio.The vibration cycle for the liquefaction of saturated silt decreases with increasing deviator stress ratio and increases with relative density.The vibration cycle for the liquefaction of the saturated silt increases with vibration frequency and reaches a peak value,after which it decreases with increasing vibration frequency for the relative density of 70%.But the vibration cycle for the liquefaction of saturated silt increases with vibration frequency for the relative density of 30%.The development of pore water pressure of the saturated silt is influenced by relative density and vibration frequency.     

复合加载下桶形基础循环承载性能数值分析

作为一种新型基础形式,吸力式桶形基础除了承受海洋平台结构及自身重量等竖向荷载的长期作用之外,往往还遭受波浪等所产生的水平荷载及其力矩等其它荷载分量的瞬时或循环作用。对复合加载模式下软土地基中桶形基础及其结构的循环承载性能尚缺乏合理的分析与计算方法。应用Andersen等对重力式平台基础及地基所建议的分析方法,基于软黏土的循环强度概念,在大型通用有限元分析软件ABAQUS平台上,通过二次开发,将软土的循环强度与Mises屈服准则结合,针对吸力式桶形基础,基于拟静力分析建立了复合加载模式下循环承载性能的计算模型,并与复合加载作用下极限承载性能进行了对比。由此表明,与极限承载力相比,桶形基础的循环承载力显著降低。     

Quasi‐static and pseudo‐dynamic testing of unbonded post‐tensioned rocking bridge piers with external replaceable dissipaters

It has been well documented that following a major earthquake a substantial percentage of economic loss results from downtime of essential lifelines in and out of major urban centres. This has thus led to an improvement of both performance‐based seismic design philosophies and to the development of cost‐effective seismic structural systems capable of guaranteeing a high level of protection, low structural damage and reduced downtime after a design‐level seismic event. An example of such technology is the development of unbonded post‐tensioned techniques in combination with rocking–dissipating connections. In this contribution, further advances in the development of high‐performance seismic‐resistant bridge piers are achieved through the experimental validation of unbonded post‐tensioned bridge piers with external, fully replaceable, mild steel hysteretic dissipaters. The experimental response of three 1 : 3 scale unbonded, post‐tensioned cantilever bridge piers, subjected to quasi‐static and pseudo‐dynamic loading protocols, are presented and compared with an equivalently reinforced monolithic benchmark. Minimal physical damage is observed for the post‐tensioned systems, which exhibit very stable energy dissipation and re‐centring properties. Furthermore, the external dissipaters can be easily replaced if severely damaged under a major (higher than expected) earthquake event. Thus, negligible residual deformations, limited repair costs and downtime can be achieved for critical lifeline components. Satisfactory analytical–experimental comparisons are also presented as a further confirmation of the reliability of the design procedure and of the modelling techniques. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Seismic strengthening of RC columns using external steel cage

Steel caging technique is commonly used for the seismic strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) columns of rectangular cross‐section. The steel cage consists of angle sections placed at corners and held together by battens at intervals along the height. In the present study, a rational design method is developed to proportion the steel cage considering its confinement effect on the column concrete. An experimental study was carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed design method and detailing of steel cage battens within potential plastic hinge regions. One ordinary RC column and two strengthened columns were investigated experimentally under constant axial compressive load and gradually increasing reversed cyclic lateral displacements. Both strengthened columns showed excellent behavior in terms of flexural strength, lateral stiffness, energy dissipation and ductility due to the external confinement of the column concrete. The proposed model for confinement effect due to steel cage reasonably predicted moment capacities of the strengthened sections, which matched with the observed experimental values. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

开洞薄钢板剪力墙低周反复荷载试验研究

薄板墙的滞回曲线在零位移附近有零刚度现象,存在明显的捏缩效应,常规方法是直接采用中厚板或通过强大的加劲体系将薄板转化成中厚板,但这将降低薄板墙的经济性。通过两片开洞薄钢板墙低周反复荷载试验,系统地研究了开洞钢板墙的破坏过程和破坏机理,得到了承载力,侧移刚度,延性和耗能能力等指标。试验结果表明,开洞钢板墙有较高的承载力和侧移刚度,延性和耗能能力很好。开洞不仅可以满足门窗洞口等建筑需求,而且可以减小内填板宽度,调节内填板与框架的刚度比,避免薄板墙的捏缩效应,使构件有更高的安全储备,开洞钢板墙是一种理想的水平抗侧力构件。     

动力荷载长期作用下冻土振陷模型试验研究

基于低温动三轴试验资料,研究了青藏铁路北麓河粉质黏土在往返长期加荷作用下的变形特征。在不同温度、动应力幅、频率、围压条件下考察冻土轴向残余应变与振次的试验关系曲线,建立了冻土振陷模型,并讨论了模型参数及其影响因素。研究表明,(1) 模型参数受拟合所采用的振次水平影响较大,参数B（黏塑流蠕变率）随振次的增加而迅速减小,参数C（蠕变衰减系数）随振次的增加而迅速增大;(2) 除迅速破坏的试件外,当振次达到一定临界值以后,B、C两参数都逐渐趋于稳定;相同振次水平下B、C参数均随温度升高、动应力幅值增大、围压增高而增大,随频率的增加而减少,且频率大于6 Hz时对参数影响很小。此项研究对于合理预测动力荷载长期作用下由冻土残余变形而产生的沉降量具有重要意义,且为冻土动力学研究积累基础试验成果。     

软土地基桶形基础循环累积变形研究

针对软土地基桶形基础在循环荷载作用下的变形问题进行研究。首先, 通过桶形基础循环模型试验获得在动、静荷载作用下地基的破坏特性。然后,从模型土池中取土样,进行不固结不排水（UU）循环三轴试验,测其循环累积应变特性,建立了累积应变与其相关因素间的关系。最后,采用有限元的方法模拟模型试验,将循环累积变形等效为蠕变,在理想弹塑性的基础上加入蠕变来计算循环荷载作用下桶形基础的变形,并与模型试验结果进行比较。结果表明,软土地基桶形基础在循环荷载作用下的变形与静力下的蠕变有相似的特点,桶形基础循环累积变形可以用等效为蠕变的方法计算。     

低频周期荷载下广义Kelvin-Voigt模型特性研究

不考虑低频简谐荷载作用下材料的疲劳破坏,并假定周期应力幅值恒定,从材料流变特性的宏观角度建立了广义Kelvin-Voigt体的正弦加载蠕变模型,并对模型特性进行分析。结果表明：与相同静载应力下（与动荷载应力最大值相等）广义Kelvin-Voigt体蠕变模型相比,蠕变变化规律相似,但动载初始蠕变阶段和稳定蠕变阶段的变形值小于静蠕变,且初始蠕变段经历时间比静蠕变短,此结论与相关文献试验结果相似;动载周期越大,则初始蠕变段经历时间越长,蠕变长期应变值越大。     

循环剪切吸水条件下饱和砂土的应力应变规律

在实际土工抗震边值问题中,饱和砂土在许多情况下并非处于完全不排水条件,可能由于土性等因素的不同而出现各异的排渗条件。排水条件对土体的动力应力应变响应有较大影响,本文基于新开发的孔隙水注入控制系统,进行了循环剪切条件下饱和砂土吸水试验,研究了剪切吸水对土体动力特性的影响规律。通过试验发现:剪切吸水条件下砂土的抗液化强度较不排水条件下降低,同样的循环剪切条件下轴向应变发展更大;试样的抗液化强度降低和轴向应变增加程度随剪切吸水率的增大而增加。基于对饱和砂土体变规律的已有研究,本文初步解释了剪切吸水条件下饱和砂土应力应变特性规律的物理实质。     

钙质砂动强度试验研究

钙质砂是一种ＣａＣＯ３含量超过５０％以上的特殊岩土介质,具有独特的力学和工程性状。利用动三轴试验,研究钙质砂在循环荷载作用下动应变,动孔压,动强度及液化特性。