基于CLoE亚塑性模型的密砂循环荷载下力学行为模拟

亚塑性模型为模拟颗粒材料的非线性力学行为提供了一条新途径,特别是CLoE亚塑性模型在模拟应变局部化时具有一定的优势。然而该模型在模拟小幅应力-应变循环时表现出一定的锯齿效应。为了克服该效应,基于颗粒间应变张量的概念发展了修正的CLoE亚塑性模型以正确模拟循环荷载下密砂的力学行为。此外,为保证单调荷载作用下修正模型与原模型预测结果的一致性,改进了颗粒间应变率及颗粒间最大应变的定义。数值算例表明:（1）修正模型保留了克服锯齿效应的优点。（2）修正模型能够反映不同振幅条件下的卸载刚度。（3）在大振幅循环条件下,滞回圈的面积随着循环次数增加而增大。（4）修正模型能够保证单调加载条件下所得结果与原模型的一致性。（5）修正模型可以反映材料的疲劳破坏机制。     

循环荷载下竖向土拱演化规律试验研究

土拱效应广泛存在于结构?土相互作用体系中,并不可避免地受到动荷载的影响。为探究循环荷载下土拱的演化过程,开展了循环加载下的活动门试验,结合粒子图像测速法（PIV）,对土拱的结构形态、位移场及竖向应力的变化规律进行了分析。结果表明,初始土拱形成时活动门上方产生三角形脱空区,施加循环荷载后该结构边界逐渐沿竖向延伸并向填土表面发展,位移场影响范围呈扇形向两侧扩大。根据初始差异沉降的不同,土拱的发展演化呈现出最终状态的差异：达到新的稳定状态,或发生失稳破坏。循环荷载下,初始活动门位移较大时土拱更易趋于破坏,表现为脱空区贯通填土表面并形成竖向滑裂面。土拱结构的稳定性受到脱空区土体堆积对其下边界的支撑作用影响。     

Induced fabric under cyclic and rotational loads in a strain space multiple mechanism model for granular materials

The strain space multiple mechanism model idealizes the behavior of granular materials on the basis of a multitude of virtual simple shear mechanisms oriented in arbitrary directions. Within this modeling framework, the virtual simple shear stress is defined as a quantity dependent on the contact distribution function as well as the normal and tangential components of interparticle contact forces, which evolve independently during the loading process. In other terms, the virtual simple shear stress is an intermediate quantity in the upscaling process from the microscopic level (characterized by contact distribution and interparticle contact forces) to the macroscopic stress. The stress space fabric produces macroscopic stress through the tensorial average. Thus, the stress space fabric characterizes the fundamental and higher modes of anisotropy induced in granular materials. Herein, the induced fabric is associated with monotonic and cyclic loadings, loading with the rotation of the principal stress, and general loading. Upon loading with the rotation of the principal stress axis, some of the virtual simple shear mechanisms undergo loading whereas others undergo unloading. This process of fabric evolution is the primary cause of noncoaxiality between the axes of principal stresses and strains. Although cyclic behavior and behavior under the rotation of the principal stress axis seem to originate from two distinct mechanisms, the strain space multiple mechanism model demonstrates that these behaviors are closely related through the hysteretic damping factor. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

干湿交替作用后砂岩破裂过程实时观测与分析

采用岩石破裂全过程的细观力学试验系统进行了天然状态及干湿交替作用后的完整和含预制圆孔砂岩试件的单轴压缩破裂试验。利用显微镜观察了砂岩裂纹萌生、扩展以及试件的失稳破坏过程。经过干湿交替作用后岩样更容易在较低的应力状态下发生裂纹的扩展,并且裂纹扩展的初始阶段一般表现为拉破裂。完整试件的裂纹是随机性的三维扩展,而有预制圆孔试件一般是从预制圆孔周边开始扩展。天然状态下的预制圆孔试件在起裂时从圆孔的压应力集中区产生剪切裂纹;而干湿交替作用后,起裂时可能先从拉应力集中区产生拉裂纹,并且裂纹演化过程更为复杂一些,破裂形式多样化。与天然状态相比,经过干湿循环作用后的砂岩破坏脆性降低,强度等力学参数也随干湿交替次数增加而逐渐降低。     

Investigation and modeling on fatigue damage evolution of rock as a function of logarithmic cycle

The fatigue damage behavior of granite under constant and variable amplitude loadings is studied. The experimental analysis reveals that there is a three‐stage law for the fatigue damage evolution as a function of absolute or relative cycle and the inverted‐S damage model proposed by the author, in this case, is capable of representing the damage behavior of rock. However, when the logarithmic cycle is considered, there are only two stages, i.e. steady and accelerated stages and the fatigue damage evolution greatly depends on the properties of rock and stress level. Accordingly, the fatigue damage evolution curves have been categorized into three types. Then, the effect of maximum stress, amplitude and fatigue initial damage on the damage evolution of rock is investigated. The analysis reveals that the damage evolution greatly depends on these influencing factors. The fatigue life decreases with the increase in the maximum stress, amplitude and fatigue initial damage due to the decrease in the proportion of the first stage to the whole fatigue process and the increase in the damage rate in the first stage. Meanwhile, a linear‐exponential formula is used to model the fatigue damage behavior of rock subjected to cyclic loading. This damage model is superior to the inverted‐S damage model in the convenience of establishment of critical instability point. The physical meanings of its constants have been illuminated and the applicability of this model to constant and variable amplitude cyclic loading explored. The fitting results for the test data show that this damage model can properly represent the fatigue damage behavior of rock. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

循环荷载下水泥土桩复合体动力参数试验研究

水泥土桩被广泛应用于软土路基加固工程中。然而,人们对水泥桩与桩间土形成的加固体的动力特性尚缺乏认识,无法合理评价水泥土桩复合地基的长期性能。基于此,本文开展水泥土桩复合体大型动三轴试验,研究围压、静偏应力、置换率及分级加卸载路径对其动力参数的影响,并分析了动力参数的波动性。试验结果表明:随着静偏应力增加,复合单元体的动弹模量减小,阻尼比增大,临界动应力比减小。随着置换率增加,动弹模量略有增加,阻尼比略有减小。逐级卸载造成复合单元体的动力参数劣化。阻尼比具有较强的波动性,复合单元体阻尼比的变异系数是动弹模量的2.8～7.0倍。相比于软土,复合体动弹模量提高了2～6倍,静偏应力越大,提高系数越大。     

三明治形加筋土筋-土界面动力剪切特性

三明治形加筋土是一种在黏土中加入加筋砂层形成的混合填料形式的新型加筋土。为了研究不同条件下三明治形加筋土筋-土界面的动力剪切特性,采用大型直剪仪对三明治形加筋土进行了一系列循环剪切试验,研究了不同薄砂层厚度、循环剪切幅值和竖向应力对界面剪切特性的影响。试验结果表明：筋-土界面的剪应力峰值随着循环次数的增加而增加,循环周次为10时,薄砂层厚度为5、6、7、8、9 mm的条件下,筋-土界面的剪应力峰值分别为24.84、27.4、27.94、26.33、24.68 kPa,表明薄砂层厚度为7 mm时,筋-土界面在循环剪切阶段的峰值剪应力最大;剪切幅值越大,界面循环剪切的最终剪缩量越大,同一循环次数对应的剪切刚度和阻尼比越小;在不同竖向应力下,界面在循环剪切过程中都发生了循环剪切硬化现象,循环周次为10时,竖向应力为30、60、90 kPa的条件下,筋-土界面的剪应力峰值分别为20.4、25.14、32.96 kPa,表明剪应力峰值随竖向应力的增大而增大,同一循环次数对应的剪切刚度也随竖向应力的增大而增大。     

循环荷载作用下海床结构粉质土的液化渗流机理定性研究

通过对黄河三角洲海床粉质土的基本性质和循环荷载作用下的喷水冒砂现象的分析,认识了海床粉质土的结构性。利用岩土破损力学原理,建立了海床结构粉质土的二元介质模型。定性分析了结构带土体在加荷、卸荷、液化渗流过程中的变形破损和在液化渗流过程中有效应力和超孔隙水压力的相互转化,指出在液化深度内,土体恢复后的固结强度应提高。这与试验结果相一致。用二元介质模型对解释试验中液化渗流差异是结构带内出现喷水冒砂和结构体上出现遍地冒水现象。     

白云石循环法生产氧化镁新工艺的研究

介绍了用循环法从白云石中制取氧化镁的新工艺,制得的工业氧化镁达到了ＨＧ／Ｔ２５７３－９４的质量要求。     

Geogrid-reinforced railroad bed settlement due to cyclic load

Results of large-scale laboratory model tests conducted to determine the permanent settlement due to cyclic load of the railroad bed for a proposed high-speed train route extending from Seoul to Pusan in South Korea are reported. The possibility of using geogrid layers as reinforcement to reduce settlement of the subbase layer was investigated. Based on the present model test results, it appears that practically all permanent settlement due to cyclic load is completed after application of 10⁵ cycles of load. The most beneficial effect of reinforcement is derived when one layer of geotextile and one layer of geogrid are placed at the interface of the subgrade soil and subbase course.