灌芯混凝土石膏墙板结构抗震性能试验研究

本文通过对2块灌芯混凝土纤维增强石膏板与8个节点构件在低周反复荷载下的抗震性能试验,研究了构件的抗剪承载能力、构件的延性、恢复力特性、耗能能力和破坏特征等特性;通过实测试点工程结构的动力反应,获得结构的自振频率、振型和阻尼比等模态参数。研究表明,该结构在抗震方面具有良好的性能。     

海洋平台吸力式基础的土工离心模拟研究与分析

综述了国内外已开展的海洋平台吸力式基础的离心模型试验研究,重点讨论了应用离心机模拟吸力式基础承载特性的研究现状。     

Hysteretic model development and seismic response of unbonded post‐tensioned precast CFT segmental bridge columns

The study investigated the cyclic behavior of unbonded, post‐tensioned, precast concrete‐filled tube segmental bridge columns by loading each specimen twice. Moreover, a stiffness‐degrading flag‐shaped (SDFS) hysteretic model was developed based on self‐centering and stiffness‐degrading behaviors. The proposed model overcomes the deficiency of cyclic behavior prediction using a FS model, which self‐centers with fixed elastic and inelastic stiffnesses. Experimental and analytical results showed that (1) deformation capabilities of the column under the first and second cyclic tests were similar; however, energy dissipation capacities significantly differed from each other, and (2) the SDFS model predicted the cyclic response of the column better than the FS model. Inelastic time‐history analyses were performed to demonstrate the dynamic response variability of a single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) system using both models. A parametric study, performed on SDOF systems subjected to eight historical earthquakes, showed that increased displacement ductility demand was significant for structures with a low period and low‐to‐medium yield strength ratio and reduced displacement ductility demand in these systems was effectively attained by increasing energy dissipation capacity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

循环荷载下黏土应变积累积强化模型研究

循环加载历史是影响土的动力特性的一个重要因素。通过对一种原状粉质黏土进行高循环次数单剪试验,研究了黏土体应变随剪应变幅值及循环次数的变化规律,以及由于体应变的累积对黏土动力特性产生的影响。试验结果表明,黏土的体应变随着循环次数的增多和循环剪应变幅值的增大而增大,而土的动力特性则随着体应变的不断累积而出现强化现象,表现为动剪模量增加,阻尼比减小。对累积体应变与动剪模量、阻尼比之间的关系进行了研究,提出了相应的强化关系式。在常用的非线性模型基础上,通过引入动剪模量的强化系数和阻尼比的衰减系数,建立了一种能考虑循环应变历史影响的土动力模型。     

黄河三角洲粉土循环剪切特性的试验研究

利用土工静力-动力液压三轴-扭转多功能剪切仪,对黄河三角洲埕北海域原状粉土试样进行了循环三轴和循环扭剪试验,以此探讨了原状海底粉土的动力变形与强度特性,确定了最大动剪切模量及动力变形参数随剪应变的变化规律。基于循环三轴试验结果,建立了残余孔隙水压力发展变化规律的双曲线经验模式,对动强度关于循环次数的依赖性提出了经验关系,确定了有关试验参数及其关于固结应力比的依赖性。与循环三轴试验结果相对比,认为在土工抗震设计中采用循环三轴试验结果稍偏于保守。     

循环荷载作用下超固结软黏土软化-孔压模型研究

随着循环次数的增加,循环荷载作用下正常固结软黏土孔隙水压力逐渐增加,而孔压的增加将导致土体发生软化现象。对于超固结软黏土,循环荷载作用下在循环初期将产生负孔压,而此时也发生循环软化现象,这显然与有效应力原理是相矛盾的。以往的研究往往通过建立软化指数与循环次数的关系来描述土体的循环软化特性,从而不能反映土体的循环过程中残余孔压变化对土体循环软化的影响。通过对杭州饱和软黏土进行应力控制的循环三轴试验,对循环荷载作用下超固结软黏土的软化特性及孔压发展规律及两者关系进行了研究。在试验的基础上建立了超固结软黏土循环软化-孔压模型,该模型反映了残余孔压增长对超固结软黏土循环软化特性的影响规律。     

循环荷载作用下软黏土刚度软化特征试验研究

循环荷载作用下,软黏土将发生软化现象,而以往的研究中大多未考虑初始偏应力的影响。通过对萧山正常固结饱和软黏土进行应力控制的循环三轴试验,研究了循环荷载作用下土体的刚度软化情况。通过分析每一次循环过程中割线剪切模量的变化规律,探讨了循环次数、循环应力水平、初始偏应力对刚度软化的影响。结果表明,随着循环次数的增加,土体刚度逐渐减小;循环应力水平的提高,初始偏应力的施加将加快刚度软化。在试验的基础上推导了反映土体刚度软化规律的经验公式,得到了萧山软黏土的破坏刚度比。     

Non-linear analysis of undrained cyclic strength of soft marine clay

Iwan models are used to simulate the non-linear and hysteretic behaviour of soils under cyclic loading conditions. However, the model in its original form cannot take into account the stiffness degradation which is observed during cyclic loading of soft clays. Studies show that the stiffness reduction (expressed as degradation index) can be represented as a function of the number of cycles and of a degradation parameter depending on the strain amplitude in the case of strain controlled cyclic loading tests. This degradation index has been incorporated into Iwan's series–parallel model as a single fatigue parameter to account for the degradation during cyclic loading. The comparisons made with the existing results of two marine clays tested under undrained cyclic triaxial and simple shear conditions provided an opportunity to understand the capability of the one dimensional model.     

极端循环载荷下船体裂纹箱型梁的极限强度

旨在了解箱型梁在极端循环载荷下的极限强度特性。利用非线性有限元方法来研究裂纹箱型梁的极限弯矩,分析了5种裂纹模型,探讨了裂纹类型、裂纹位置和裂纹长度的影响。考虑了两种载荷形式应用生死单元法对双向循环弯曲下裂纹扩展进行了模拟;并将由循环载荷引起的累积塑性损伤和疲劳裂纹损伤均考虑在内。无论单向循环还是双向循环,单裂纹模型的极限弯矩均小于双裂纹模型的极限弯矩;单边裂纹是最危险的裂纹类型。进一步分析了极端循环载荷下裂纹箱型梁的极限强度折减机理,得出了极限强度折减归因于这两种损伤的耦合作用的结论,并通过其他箱型梁验证了其适用性。     

连梁可更换构件及连接的试验和模拟分析

结构可更换构件通过可更换连接与主体结构相连,共同工作并集中塑性损伤,震后更换损伤构件即可恢复结构功能。为了研究一种连梁可更换构件及连接的性能,对可更换构件及连接试件进行反复加载试验,并对低屈服点耗能钢材进行单向拉伸试验。采用ABAQUS软件对该可更换构件及连接进行有限元模拟分析,比较了壳单元和实体单元模拟的计算效率和精度,并提出合理可行的材料参数取值方法,采用非线性接触对模拟可更换螺栓端板连接,模拟结果与试验结果吻合良好。试验分析可用于研究该类可更换构件及连接的实际性能,模拟分析可为该类可更换构件及连接提供性能预测方法,并验证了可更换构件实际屈服力与设计屈服力的吻合度和超强系数,验证连接螺栓不产生滑移。在此基础上,给出了该可更换构件及连接在工程中的应用方法。