钢管约束混凝土压弯构件滞回性能的实验研究

进行了12个钢管约束混凝土压弯构件在往复荷载作用下的荷载-变形滞回性能的实验研究,包括6个圆试件和6个方试件。考察的主要参数是构件的轴压比。通过实验观察了这类构件在往复荷载作用下的破坏模态并分析了其荷载-变形滞回曲线的特点以及刚度退化规律,同时对钢管约束混凝土压弯构件极限承载力和抗弯刚度计算方法进行了初步探讨。     

Modeling RC column flexural failure modes under intensive seismic loading

The aim of this work is to model beam‐column behavior in a computationally effective manner, revealing reliably the overall response of reinforced concrete members subjected to intensive seismic loading. In this respect, plasticity and damage are considered in the predominant longitudinal direction, allowing for fiber finite element modeling, while in addition the effect of inelastic buckling of longitudinal rebars, which becomes essential at later stages of intensive cyclic loading, is incorporated. Α smooth plasticity‐damage model is developed for concrete, accounting for unilateral compressive and tensile behavior, nonlinear unloading and crack closure phenomena. This is used to address concrete core crushing and spalling, which triggers the inelastic buckling of longitudinal rebars. For this reason, a uniaxial local stress‐strain constitutive relation for steel rebars is developed, which is based on a combined nonlinear kinematic and isotropic hardening law. The proposed constitutive model is validated on the basis of existing experimental data and the formulation of the buckling model for a single rebar is developed. The cross section of rebar is discretized into fibers, each one following the derived stress‐strain uniaxial law. The buckling curve is determined analytically, while equilibrium is imposed at the deformed configuration. The proposed models for concrete and rebars are embedded into a properly adjusted fiber beam‐column element of reinforced concrete members and the proposed formulation is verified with existing experimental data under intensive cyclic loading.     

水平循环荷载作用下海上风电桩累积变形研究综述

综述了水平循环荷载作用下海上风力发电桩基础累积变形的特征及现状,总结了国内外针对海上桩基累积变形的三种常用试验方法:基于p-y曲线的修正法、基于试验的经验拟合法与数值分析方法,并且分析了各类方法的优势与值得商榷的地方,探索实际环境的众多因素对理论的影响,指出该领域的发展趋势是模型统一化、不饱和状态、桩-土等多因素耦合作用下的风电桩累积变形研究,进而利用风电桩的累积变形理论来完善海洋能源工程的设计施工。     

Study of the liquefaction resistance of a saturated sand reinforced with Geosynthetics

This article presents various tests using a cyclic triaxial instrument, on samples of saturated Hostun RF sand, reinforced with circular sheets of geosynthetic material. Tests performed with different types of geosynthetics of different compressibility, rigidity and roughness characteristics indicate a significant increase in liquefaction resistance for samples reinforced with compressible, non-woven geotextiles. The undrained behaviour of saturated Hostun RF sand reinforced with non-woven geotextiles is analysed on the basis of different test series. This analysis highlights the influence of reinforcement compressibility on interstitial pressure distribution in the sample, thus showing the role of this type of inclusion in the increase in liquefaction resistance.     

新型耗能(阻尼)减震器的开发与研究

本文阐述了耗能减震的概念和原理,提出了耗能减震器设计的新思想,研制开发了多种新型实用耗能（阻尼）减震器,并对其中的圆环耗能器、双环耗能器、架颈圆环耗能器、弹塑性－摩擦复合耗能器等进行了循环荷载试验,考察了耗能器代作性能和耗能性能,对已装与未装耗能减震器的钢筋混凝土框架模型进行了伪动力对比实验,进一步考察了耗能减震器的减震效果。在试验研究的基础上,地耗能（阻尼）减震结构体系的分析方法进行了研究,并编     

再生混凝土框架抗震性能试验研究

通过2榀再生骨料掺量分别为25%、50%的再生混凝土框架和1榀普通对比混凝土框架的低周反复加载试验,研究了再生混凝土框架的受力全过程、开裂荷载和极限承载力、破坏形态,分析了再生混凝土框架的滞回曲线、骨架曲线、变形性能、耗能能力等抗震性能,并和普通混凝土框架进行了对比分析。研究结果表明,随着再生骨料掺量的增加,再生混凝土框架的极限承载力、变形能力、耗能能力等抗震性能没有明显降低,再生混凝土框架具有较好的抗震性能,再生混凝土框架应用于实际工程是可行的。文中研究成果可为再生混凝土框架结构的工程应用提供依据。     

STC加筋砂水平循环剪切与竖向激振特性试验研究

随着中国汽车工业的发展,大量废旧轮胎带来的"黑色污染"问题日益显著。提出一种采用废旧轮胎柱(Scrap tire columns,STC)的加筋土结构,并初步探究其作为基础减隔振材料的可行性。通过室内水平循环剪切试验和竖向激振试验研究STC加筋砂(STCRS)的水平循环剪切和竖向激振特性。结果表明,最大剪应变为1%时STCRS的等效阻尼比未加筋前增加约10%,等效动剪切模量减小20%~25%,水平向减振性能得以提高;STCRS的竖向加速度衰减呈现出速度快、幅值大的特点,竖向减振效果较未加筋砂显著提高。STC加筋砂作为基础减振材料是可行的,且为原形废旧轮胎的资源化利用提供新思路。     

Uncertainty propagation of hydrodispersive transfer in an aquifer: an illustration of one-dimensional contaminant transport with slug injection

It is evident that the hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient and linear flow velocity dominate solute transport in aquifers. Both of them play important roles characterizing contaminant transport. However, by definition, the parameter of contaminant transport cannot be measured directly. For most problems of contaminant transport, a conceptual model for solute transport generally is established to fit the breakthrough curve obtained from field testing, and then suitable curve matching or the inverse solution of a theoretical model is used to determine the parameter. This study presents a one-dimensional solute transport problem for slug injection. Differential analysis is used to analyze uncertainty propagation, which is described by the variance and mean. The uncertainties of linear velocity and hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient are, respectively, characterized by the second-power and fourth-power of the length scale multiplied by a lumped relationship of variance and covariance of system parameters, i.e. the Peclet number and arrival time of maximum concentration. To validate the applicability for evaluating variance propagation in one-dimensional solute transport, two cases using field data are presented to demonstrate how parametric uncertainty can be caught depending on the manner of sampling.     

Triggered earthquakes and deep well activities

Earthquakes can be triggered by any significant perturbation of the hydrologic regime. In areas where potentially active faults are already close to failure, the increased pore pressure resulting from fluid injection, or, alternatively, the massive extraction of fluid or gas, can induce sufficient stress and/or strain changes that, with time, can lead to sudden catastrophic failure in a major earthquake. Injection-induced earthquakes typically result from the reduction in frictional strength along preexisting, nearby faults caused by the increased formation fluid pressure. Earthquakes associated with production appear to respond to more complex mechanisms of subsidence, crustal unloading, and poroelastic changes in response to applied strains induced by the massive withdrawal of subsurface material. As each of these different types of triggered events can occur up to several years after well activities have begun (or even several years after all well activities have stopped), this suggests that the actual triggering process may be a very complex combination of effects, particularly if both fluid extraction and injection have taken place locally. To date, more than thirty cases of earthquakes triggered by well activities can be documented throughout the United States and Canada. Based on these case histories, it is evident that, owing to preexisting stress conditions in the upper crust, certain areas tend to have higher probabilities of exhibiting such induced seismicity.     

环电流区中性原子观测特性模拟研究

为了给双星计划中性原子(ENA)探测仪的研制提供可靠 的理论依据，并为未来中性原子探测数据的分析及研究做好准备，针对双星轨道初步模拟计 算了双星ENA探测仪对磁暴时中性原子的观测特性. 建立了磁暴主相期间环电流离子分布的 一 个近似理论模式，并模拟计算了极轨卫星在极区上空、赤道面以及其他位置上对不同强度磁 暴主相期间环电流区ENA空间角分布及能谱的观测结果. 研究表明，存在环电流区方向和南 北极区环电流粒子沉降带两个中性原子强度极大区域；磁暴越强烈，注入区高度越低，环电 流区观测到的ENA通量越高；处于有利位置的ENA探测器可分辨注入区内边界或注入前沿；EN A探测器能够分辨环电流带离子分布的不均匀性；由于离子交换截面的差异，H，O，He 3种E NA的能谱分布不同；在10～80keV能谱范围内通量较强，易于观测；环电流区H，O两种ENA 通 量较强，有利于观测；而环电流区He ENA通量很弱，不易于观测. 模拟计算研究表明，双星 极轨卫星能够对环电流区ENA进行有效探测；低纬轨道上的ENA探测器也能够对环电流区ENA 进行一些观测；ENA探测器的研制应重视低、中能量范围ENA的探测.