宝鸡市狄家坡滑坡稳定性研究

宝鸡市狄家坡斜坡是一个古滑坡。在调查滑坡区水文地质和工程地质条件的前提下, 本文描述了滑坡的形态与物质结构、滑坡表层的变形破坏特征及其影响因素, 探讨了古滑坡的发生机制。引用可以任意条分块体的Sarma方法, 研究了该滑坡在自然、地震、饱水和三者同时存在共四种状态下的稳定性, 并进行了斜坡表层黄土坡体的稳定性对于地下水位上升的敏感性分析。基本结论是, 狄家坡滑坡在整体上是稳定的, 其表层的黄土坡体在地下水位上升时会发生失稳破坏。最后, 提出了进行滑坡防治的工程对策。     

LHS方法在边坡可靠度分析中的应用

Monte Carlo（MC）法在目前边坡可靠度分析中是一种相对精确的方法,应用广泛,受问题限制的影响较小,适应性很强,其误差仅与标准差和样本容量有关。但其精度受随机抽样的可靠性和模拟次数制约,收敛速度慢,影响了实际使用。在极限平衡方法的基础上,用拉丁超立方抽样（Latin hypercube sampling,LHS）方法代替MC法的随机抽样,考虑边坡参数的变异性和相关性进行边坡可靠度分析。讨论了LHS法、MC法中可靠指标的各种计算方法,建议以破坏概率、安全系数均值和标准差作为评价指标。算例显示LHS法较MC法效率上有很大改善：较少的抽样样本就能反映参数的概率分布,可靠度分析收敛快,不需要大量的模拟,因此,值得在边坡可靠度分析中推广应用。也将工程上常用的均匀设计和正交设计用于边坡可靠度分析,结果表明,正交设计结果和中心点法比较接近,而均匀设计得到的结果则是不可靠的。     

老滑坡路段路堑开挖与超前支护效果

为防止老滑坡路段路堑开挖过程中出现路堑边坡失稳的问题,以在建某高速公路老滑坡段路堑失稳边坡为例,借助数值分析,进行了老滑坡路段路堑开挖与超前支护效果研究。结果表明：1）一般宽平台开挖模式能提高边坡的整体稳定性;然而,对于存在具有膨胀性质滑带土的牵引式老滑坡,坡脚采用宽平台刷坡减重不利于路堑边坡的稳定,必须要采取超前支护,如锚索、抗滑桩等,必要时要紧急采取清方卸载措施。2）锚索超前支护能够有效抑制边坡变形,需采用有效措施提高设置在坡脚处锚索的抗拉强度,如施加预应力等。3）抗滑桩超前支护应注意桩位、桩长、桩距的优化设计。建议抗滑桩采用锚拉,对桩前坡体中的滑带进行超前注浆,有必要沿老滑坡主滑方向布置多排抗滑桩,或采用h型桩体设计。     

西安白鹿塬北缘黄土边坡稳定的可靠度分析

在西安白鹿塬北缘实测了14个黄土自然边坡断面,建立了地质模型,通过采样测试并收集已有的测试资料,获得了各时代黄土地层的物理力学参数,将Morgenstern-Price法稳定性计算公式作为极限状态方程,分别采用Monte-Carlo法和Duncan法进行了边坡稳定的可靠度分析。结果表明:采用Monte-Carlo法和Duncan法得到的14个边坡稳定系数分别为1.11～1.41和1.09～1.33,显示这些边坡处于基本稳定—稳定状态;采用上述两种方法得到的边坡可靠指标分别为0.56～1.79和0.39～1.60,得到的失效概率分别为3.4%～29.0%和5.5%～34.8%,并且共有75%的边坡失效概率大于10%,失效可能性较大。统计结果表明:白鹿塬区边坡的坡高和坡度存在负相关性。低而陡的边坡潜在最危险滑面剪出口较高,失效概率较小;坡高达到50m及以上时,边坡高而缓,剪出口较低,失效概率较大,其中河流下切深,有N2泥岩出露的极高边坡,稳定性最差。Duncan法求解的稳定系数略小于Monte-Carlo法求得的结果,而前者求解的失效概率略大于后者,两种方法计算结果较为接近。由于Duncan法理论简单,计算量小,更宜于在实际工程中应用。     

USING A COMBINED SLOPE HYDROLOGY/STABILITY MODEL TO IDENTIFY SUITABLE CONDITIONS FOR LANDSLIDE PREVENTION BY VEGETATION IN THE HUMID TROPICS

The susceptibility of cut slopes to landsliding can be reduced in certain circumstances by the establishment of a vegetation cover. However, the hydrological implications of allowing a cover to develop may offset the mechanical benefits of soil reinforcement by roots. The balance between hydrological and mechanical effects is critical on slopes which are susceptible to the development of an infiltration-induced transitory perched water table, a common cause of landslides in deep, tropical residual soils. This balance is likely to change both between slopes of different types as well as temporally on any given slope. The net effect of a vegetation cover must be predicted either before natural vegetation covers are allowed to encroach on bare slopes, or if engineers are considering the use of trees as a protective measure. This paper presents a method of calculating the impact of a vegetation cover on slope stability. Simulations carried out on a wide range of slope types suggest that where failure is most likely to be triggered by infiltration rather than ground water rise, large-scale vegetation covers may contribute to instability. Whether vegetation had a positive or negative impact on slope stability was controlled by the permeability of the soil matrix, whilst the magnitude of impact was controlled by the soil strength and the slope height.     

可照时间受地形的影响及其精细的空间分布

设计了起伏地形下可照时间分布式计算模型，讨论了不同纬度的坡度、坡向、遮蔽等地形因子对可照时间的影响。结果表明：可照时间的纬向分布特征明显；同一纬度，同一坡向的可照时间随着坡度的增加而减小；坡向对可照时间的影响复杂，不同坡向上的可照时间随季节和坡度变化；在太阳高度角较低的冬季，地形遮蔽对可照时间的影响显著，可明显地影响可照时间的空间分布，清楚表现出可照时间的非地带性。同时绘制了1：100万我国实际地形下精细的可照时间空间分布。     

南海东北部陆架边缘第四纪高分辨率层序地层和沉积体系演化及其控制因素

The northeastern shelf margin of the South China Sea(SCS) is characterized by the development of large scale foresets complexes since Quaternary. Based on integral analysis of the seismic, well logging and paleontological data, successions since ～3.0 Ma can be defined as one composite sequence, consist of a set of regional transgressive to regressive sequences. They can be further divided into six 3 rd order sequences(SQ0–SQ5) based on the Exxon sequence stratigraphic model. Since ～1.6 Ma, five sets of deltaic systems characterized by development of wedge-shaped foresets complexes or clinoforms had been identified. High-resolution seismic data and the thick foresets allowed further divided of sub-depositional sequences(4 th order) of regression to transgression, which is basically consistent with published stacked benthic foram O-isotope records. Depositional systems identified in the study area include deltaic deposits(inner-shelf deltas and shelf-edge deltas), incised valleys, and slope slumping massive deposits. Since ～1.6 Ma, clinoforms prograded from the southern Panyu Lower Uplift toward the northern Baiyun Depression, shelf slope break migrated seaward, whereas the shelf edge of SQ0 migrated landward. The development of incised valleys in the continental shelf increased upward,especially intensive on the SB3 and SB2. The slumping massive deposits increased abruptly since SB2, which corresponds to the development of incised valleys. The evolution of depositional systems of continental slope mainly controlled by the combined influence of sea level changes, tectonic movements, sediment supply and climate changes. Since ～3.0 Ma, relative sea level of the northern SCS had been experienced transgression(～3.0 Ma BP) to regression(～1.6 Ma BP). The regional regression and maximum transgressions of the composite sequences were apparently enhanced by uplift or subsidence related to tectono-thermal events. In addition,climatic variations including monsoon intensification and the mid-Pleistocene transition may have enhanced sediment supply by increasing erosion rate and have an indispensable influence on the development of the incised valleys and 5 sets of deltaic systems since ～1.6 Ma.     

仰坡坡度对隧道洞口段动力响应的影响分析

采用动力有限元数值模拟的方法,设置四种不同仰坡坡度的模型,沿隧道轴向方向输入地震波,探究隧道洞口段及仰坡在不同仰坡坡度影响下的动力响应,并通过对无隧道通过的纯边坡模型与相同条件下有隧道通过的边坡模型的动力响应进行对比分析,研究隧道的存在对坡面动力响应的影响。研究结果表明:(1)由于临空面的存在,隧道洞口段的位移与加速度具有明显的放大效应。不同坡度模型的位移峰值皆位于y=0m断面的拱顶处,在距洞口y=40m后的各控制点位移差值迅速减小。(2)随着仰坡坡度的增加,同一断面处隧道的位移值随之增加,洞口段的截面变形也随之增大。(3)当坡度α≥60°时,坡面位移随着坡面高程的增加而增大;当坡度α60°时,坡面位移随着坡面高程的增加先增大后减小,在0.4~0.6倍坡高处达到最大,即随着坡度的增加,坡面的位移峰值也就越靠近坡顶。(4)隧道的存在对于坡面的稳定性有重要影响,这种影响在洞口附近尤为明显。     

坡麓相斜坡软土特性及其地质灾害防治研究

结合工程实例．提出“坡麓相斜坡软土”的概念,论述西南煤系地层地区斜坡软土的形成机理、分布规律、物理力学特征及其工程特性,研究斜坡软土对工程的危害及其地质灾害防治对策,最后列举三个典型斜坡软土工程整治实例,对指导工程实践具有重要意义。     

岩土优势结构面的储运水效应

运用系统分析的方法和优势结构面理论,提出了岩土优势结构面的储运水效应的概念,并对它的几个应用方面进行了探讨,结果表明:①岩土体中存在各种类型的结构面,实际岩土工程中的稳定、渗透和突水问题一般是由优势结构面所引起;②在找出优势结构面即富水优势断裂的基础上,确定优势井位、优势井深,可确保缺水地区找水的成功;③地下突水与优势结构面关系密切,但只有具备了多种储运水优势指标的优势结构面才是富水的,才有可能导致突水事故;④在降水和其它地表水的作用下,水将优先向边坡中优势结构面发生渗漏,而水的浸入又加速了土体的软化及结构面的生成,水与结构面相互促进,形成了恶性循环,最后导致滑坡的产生;⑤堤、坝及其地基中的优势面和优势层的存在是内在因素,而水是外在因素。内外因素的联合作用下可能导致堤坝的渗透、变形和破坏。