基于新表面理论的TBM破岩效率评价指标

岩碴是岩-机作用的直接产物,也是评价隧道掘进机（TBM）破岩效率和优化TBM掘进参数的有效指标。依托兰州水源地建设工程和龙岩万安溪引水工程,开展不同岩性条件下TBM岩碴筛分试验,得到了岩碴粒径分布规律。基于新表面理论,从滚刀破岩能量转化角度出发,提出了一种新的TBM破岩效率评价指标。基于岩碴粒径分布规律和TBM掘进参数统计,探讨了新表面理论指标与比能、岩碴粗糙度指数之间的关系,指出了新表面理论指标在反映岩碴破碎程度和评价TBM破岩效率方面的优势。对新表面理论指标与TBM掘进推力以及刀间距s与贯入度p的比值进行回归分析,得到了硬岩（围岩等级为Ⅱ级）和软岩（围岩等级为III级）掘进条件下的TBM最优掘进推力和s/p取值区间。研究表明：（1）新表面理论指标符合岩石破碎学原理,可准确评价TBM破岩效率。岩碴越是破碎,新表面理论指标越大,掘进能耗越高,此时TBM破岩效率相对较低。（2）新表面理论指标与比能、岩碴粗糙度指数均具有良好的线性相关关系。岩碴越是破碎,破碎单位体积岩石的能量消耗越大,新表面理论指标越大,对应的粗糙度指数越小。软岩掘进条件下TBM掘进比能低于硬岩,而岩碴破碎程度高于硬岩。（...     

新型仿生PDC齿高效切削机理及试验研究

利用仿生耦合理论,根据贝壳和蝼蛄等动植物的非光滑形态结构研制了一种新型的仿生PDC齿,并利用有限元软件abaqus对单个齿磨损前后的运动过程进行分析,与普通PDC齿的应力分布状态进行对比,可以看出,在同等条件下,非光滑PDC切削齿的应力大小及分布情况要明显优于普通的PDC切削齿,具有良好的碎岩效果。此外还对这2种切削齿进行了磨耗比试验,试验结果进一步证明了仿生PDC齿具有一定的优越性。     

一种新型割管器的设计与应用

在岩心钻探工程施工中,发生孔内事故在所难免,钻杆、钻具、套管被抱死或卡死的情况时有发生。通常用反丝钻杆进行处理,但无法保证在理想的位置脱开。为了继续施上的需要或从减少经济损失的角度,要使管材在需要的位置断开,使用割管器足常见的处理方法。通过工程实践,设计了一种新型割管器,不仅工作性能可靠,而且与以往使用过的其它类型割管器相比,具有结构简单、操作方便、使用范围广（最小可割内径为φ60mm的管材）、工作效率高等特点,其结构和原理具有通用性,值得推广应用。     

In-situ Measurements of Cutter Forces on Boring Machine at Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory Part II. Characteristics of Cutter Forces and Examination of Cracks Generated

Summary By means of spectral analysis, the measured normal forces, tangential forces, and side forces acting on two button cutters on the boring machine in ?sp? Hard Rock Laboratory were analysed and the basic characteristics of the cutter forces were determined. After the measurements of the cutter forces, some rock core samples were taken from the bottom and the wall of the test borehole. These samples were cut, polished, and examined by means of a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The lengths of the major cracks in the rock samples were measured, and a relation between the length of the median cracks and the relevant cutter forces was investigated. Received October 5, 2001; accepted June 25, 2002; Published online November 19, 2002     

Experimental and Numerical Studies on Rock Breaking with TBM Tools under High Stress Confinement

Summary The understanding of rock breaking and chipping due to the TBM cutter disks mechanism in deep tunnels is considered in this paper. The interest stems from the use of TBMs for the excavation of long Trans-Alpine tunnels. Some tests that simulate the disk cutter action at the tunnel face by means of an indenter, acting on a rock specimen are proposed. The rock specimen is confined through a flat-jack and a confinement-free area on one side of the specimen simulates the formation of a groove near the indenter, like it occurs in TBM excavation conditions. Results show a limited influence of the confinement stress versus the thrust increment required for breaking the rock between the indenter and the free side of the specimen. Numerical modelling of the cutter disk action on confined material has also been carried out in order to investigate further aspects of the fracture initiation. Also in this case the importance of the relative position between disk cutter and groove is pointed out.     

海水液压作业工具系统的研制

介绍了一种以海水液压驱动的水下作业工具,分析了该系统的组成、工作原理、研制难点及解决方案。该工具系统能工作于300m以浅的海域,完成水下钢缆切断、船体和水下结构物表面的清刷、打磨等工作。     

PDC钻头布齿的计算机辅助设计

合理的布齿是保证PDC钻头有优良工作性能的关键。目前常用的PDC钻头布齿设计方法是图解调整法。该方法速度慢,设计工作烦琐,工作量大,效率低,不符合PDC钻头布齿设计灵活的特点,而且有时会出现不必要的误差。本文在讨论PDC钻头布齿设计特点的基础上,叙述利用CAD进行PDC钻头布齿设计的原理和方法,介绍PDC钻头布齿计算机辅助设计软件的内容和编制原理。     

镶齿滚刀及滚刀钻头嵌岩技术的研究

根据大口径嵌岩桩施工的需要，研制了镶齿滚刀及滚刀钻头，介绍了镶齿滚刀硬质合金齿的选择、布置，镶齿及密封技术，滚刀钻头的结构设计及钻进参数的确定。经生产性试验取得了良好的效果。     

岩石节理倾角和间距对隧道掘进机破岩特性影响的试验研究

为了研究岩体节理参数（节理间距和节理倾角）对全断面岩石掘进机（TBM）盘形滚刀破岩效果的影响,对实际条件进行简化,在改进的试验装置上进行压头作用下相似材料的变形、破坏试验。采集整个加载过程中压头的侵入深度和荷载数据,并采用相机实时拍摄,获得试件表面破坏的发展过程以及最终破坏形态。试验结果表明,当节理倾角一定时,随着节理间距增大,达到跃进点的贯入荷载值增加,侵入功以及主裂纹扩展能量也都呈增大趋势,当 =0°、90°时,抗侵入系数基本一致,当 = 30°、60°时,抗侵入系数逐渐增大。当节理间距一定时,随着 角度的增加,跃进点荷载、抗侵入系数、侵入功以及主裂纹扩展能量都呈现先减小后增大趋势,在 =30°时,各值都为最小值。根据试件破坏后形态分析发现,节理的空间特征对裂纹扩展模式有明显的控制作用,对破坏区域的形成也有明显的限制。