起伏地形下重庆市水汽压的空间分布

利用重庆市1∶25万电子地图和100m×100m分辨率的DEM资料,建立了基于常规气象观测资料的实际起伏地形下重庆市水汽压空间分布模型,计算了重庆市各月月平均和年平均水汽压的空间分布,并完成其制图同时详细分析了重庆市实际地形下水汽压的空间分布。分析表明:随着海拔高度的增加,水汽压逐渐减小;各月水汽压的最小值出现在东北山区;重庆市水汽压的季节变化很明显。     

大别山岳西县石关混合岩锆石SHRIMP定年及其地质意义

安徽岳西县石关混合岩属于原北大别变质杂岩的一部分。锆石SHRIMPU-Pb定年结果:第一次变质时间为232Ma,相当于晚三叠世早期,第二次变质时间为207Ma,相当于晚三叠世晚期。复合锆石的核部(继承锆石)为发育韵律环带的岩浆碎屑锆石,其年龄值分别为560Ma、444Ma、394Ma、378Ma和331Ma,暗示其原岩非岩浆岩,而应为沉积岩;研究结果还表明,北大别石关混合岩经历了两次变质作用:①超高压变质作用,变质时间为232Ma(n=5加权平均年龄);②退变质作用,时间为207Ma。与苏鲁地区超高压变质和退变质时间一致。     

煤层瓦斯卸压抽放动态过程的气-固耦合模型研究

根据瓦斯渗流与煤体变形的基本理论,引入煤体孔隙变形与透气性演化的耦合作用方程,建立了考虑煤层吸附、解吸作用的含瓦斯煤岩固-气耦合作用模型。应用该模型模拟研究了不同压力影响下瓦斯抽放过程中煤层透气性的演化和抽放孔周围瓦斯压力的变化规律,其结果对于深入理解瓦斯抽放作用机制并采取相应的瓦斯预防和控制措施等具有重要的理论和实践意义。     

孔隙压力对煤岩基质解吸变形影响的试验研究

煤层气开采过程中,伴随着煤层气不断地吸附、解吸和渗流,煤体产生变形,极易导致煤和瓦斯突出事故。以晋城天地王坡煤矿为例,通过实验室内试验,模拟煤层气在复杂地层漫长的形成和逐渐开采过程,得到了孔隙压力与解吸量、应变的变化关系,并拟合得出其相应关系表达式,揭示了一些新的规律:(1)初期解吸速度较快,解吸量随时间的增长而不断增加,后期解吸速度减缓,解吸量逐渐趋于稳定;(2)孔隙压力与解吸量、应变呈现抛物线曲线关系,随孔隙压力的升高,吸附和膨胀变形占主导,其值均在增大;(3)存在最小孔隙压力值,随孔隙压力的增大,解吸时间增长,孔隙压力越小,吸附解吸规律越不明显,对于晋城天地王坡煤矿3#煤样,该值在1.0MPa左右;(4)不同加载方式对解吸量和变形量影响较大,先部分加载吸附后全部载荷解吸结果同比加全部载荷吸附解吸结果高13%～77%。试验结果可为煤层气(CBM)抽放安全和煤与瓦斯突出防治提供理论依据。     

Phase Chemistry Study of the Zabuye Salt Lake Brine: Isothermal Evaporation at 15°C and 25°C

Zabuye Salt Lake in Tibet, China is a carbonate-type salt lake, which has some unique characteristics that make it different from other types of salt lakes. The lake is at the latter period in its evolution and contains liquid and solid resources. Its brine is rich in Li, B, K and other useful minor elements that are of great economic value. We studied the concentration behavior of these elements and the crystallization paths of salts during isothermal evaporation of brine at 15°C and 25°C. The crystallization sequence of the primary salts from the brine at 25°C is halite (NaCl) → aphthitalite (3K2SO4·Na2SO4) → zabuyelite (Li2CO3)→ trona (Na2CO3·NaHCO3·2H2O) → thermonatrite (Na2CO3·H2O) → sylvite (KCl), while the sequence is halite (NaCl) → sylvite (KCl) → trona (Na2CO3·NaHCO3·2H2O) → zabuyelite (Li2CO3) → thermonatrite (Na2CO3·H2O) → aphthitalite (3K2SO4·Na2SO4) at 15°C. They are in accordance with the metastable phase diagram of the Na+, K+-Cl?, CO32?, SO42?-H2O quinary system at 25°C, except for Na2CO3·7H2O which is replaced by trona and thermonatrite. In the 25°C experiment, zabuyelite (Li2CO3) was precipitated in the early stage because Li2CO3 is supersaturated in the brine at 25°C, in contrast with that at 15°C, it precipitated in the later stage. Potash was precipitated in the middle and late stages in both experiments, while boron was concentrated in the early and middle stages and precipitated in the late stage.     

涡阳花沟区28-5煤田孔粘钻事故的处理实践

介绍了涡阳花沟区28-5煤田孔粘钻事故的原因和处理方法,加强对泥浆比重、滤失性和流变性能的调整,对预防孔内发生粘钻事故有积极作用。     

真空预压法加固吹填土的孔隙水压力试验研究

利用真空预压法处理吹填土时,孔隙水压力变化常常反映土体固结程度的好坏。通过6个模型箱试验,监测不同排水系统下孔隙水压力变化,确定有效排水体间距。研究发现0.4m间距的土内孔压下降效果比0.8m间距的土内孔压下降效果好;排水体内的孔隙水压力与排水体类型有关,且距离排水体10 cm处土体内的孔隙水压力仅为排水体内孔隙水压力的1/2弱;滤膜排水系统中的吹填土孔隙水压力下降幅度最快,B型排水板系统次之,而砂井系统最慢。另外,对于吹填土而言,排水体有效间距介于0.4m与0.8m之间,其中滤膜的有效间距最大,B型排水板次之,砂井远小于前两者。     

迭代法计算H2O-CO2-NaCl包裹体均一压力的改进及其应用

文章在宋玉财等于2007年提出的利用迭代法计算流体包裹体成分及均一压力的基础上,结合Duan等通过热力学模拟研究所获得的最新的热力学方程及H2O-CO2-NaCl包裹体pVtx计算程序,对宋玉财等所提出的H2O-CO2-NaCl包裹体成分及均一压力的迭代计算法提出了改进意见,同时对其进行了适当的修改。文章利用中-低温条件下求解CO2在盐水中的溶解度及摩尔体积的方程,提高了原方法的计算精度,并将原方法的适用范围（均一温度≥300 ℃）扩展到中_低温（0～260 ℃）、中_低压力（0～1 000×105Pa）以及中等盐度的范围。本方法适用于求解CO2部分均一温度高于笼形物融化温度、不含石盐子矿物且完全均一到水溶液相的H2O-CO2-NaCl包裹体。     

Influences of overburden pressure and soil dilation on soil nail pull-out resistance

Soil nailing is the most popular technique for stabilizing newly formed and existing sub-standard slopes in Hong Kong because of its economic and technical advantages. The nail–soil interface shear resistance is an important parameter in design of soil nailed structures. A three-dimensional finite element model was established and used for simulating soil nail pull-out tests. The finite element model was verified by comparing simulated results with measured data. The agreement between the experimental and simulated results in terms of both average pull-out shear stress and stress variation was very good. Using this finite element model, a parametric study was carried out to study the influences of the overburden pressure and soil dilation angle on the soil nail pull-out resistance. The simulated peak pull-out resistance was not directly related to the overburden pressure, which was coincident with the observations in laboratory pull-out tests. The simulated pull-out resistance increased significantly with the increase in dilation angle of the shearing zone. This analysis indicated that the constrained dilatancy of the nail–soil interface and the soil surrounding the nail contributed a lot to the development of peak pull-out resistance.