水温对文昌鱼生殖活动的影响及其内分泌机制

采用慢性实验方法,研究在不同水温条件下饲养性腺发生前的文昌鱼(Branchiostoma belcheri)对其性腺分化和发育的影响。另外,在繁殖季节研究在低温16℃、中温22℃和高温28℃下饲养性成熟的文昌鱼对其产卵和排精的影响。同时,采用免疫组织化学方法对几种生殖相关激素在不同发育期文昌鱼的生殖调控轴(脑-哈氏窝-性腺)中的分布进行免疫识别,并用磁酶免定量测定方法检测睾酮和17 β-雌二醇在文昌鱼性腺中的含量,以分析和探讨水温影响文昌鱼生殖活动的内分泌机制。结果表明:低温有利于文昌鱼性腺向雌性分化,雌雄比例为4.2:1,中温和高温组则不受影响,雌雄数量大致相等。高水温则有利于文昌鱼的精巢发育和生精活动。28℃海水适于文昌鱼的产卵和排精。根据免疫组织化学和磁酶免定量测定的结果分析提示,温度影响文昌鱼性别分化和发育以及繁殖活动的内分泌机制是:首先水温经皮肤或哈氏窝化学感受器,刺激神经系统(脑泡)释放GnRH。然后GnRH促进哈氏窝分泌LH,从而可能刺激性腺产生和分泌性类固醇激素,始动文昌鱼性腺的发育至成熟及其生殖活动。此外,脑中芳香化酶可能介导文昌鱼性别分化。     

水温对文昌鱼生殖活动的影响及其内分泌机制

采用慢性实验方法,研究在不同水温条件下饲养性腺发生前的文昌鱼(Branchiostoma belcheri)对其性腺分化和发育的影响。另外,在繁殖季节研究在低温16℃、中温22℃和高温28℃下饲养性成熟的文昌鱼对其产卵和排精的影响。同时,采用免疫组织化学方法对几种生殖相关激素在不同发育期文昌鱼的生殖调控轴(脑-哈氏窝-性腺)中的分布进行免疫识别,并用磁酶免定量测定方法检测睾酮和17 β-雌二醇在文昌鱼性腺中的含量,以分析和探讨水温影响文昌鱼生殖活动的内分泌机制。结果表明:低温有利于文昌鱼性腺向雌性分化,雌雄比例为4.2:1,中温和高温组则不受影响,雌雄数量大致相等。高水温则有利于文昌鱼的精巢发育和生精活动。28℃海水适于文昌鱼的产卵和排精。根据免疫组织化学和磁酶免定量测定的结果分析提示,温度影响文昌鱼性别分化和发育以及繁殖活动的内分泌机制是:首先水温经皮肤或哈氏窝化学感受器,刺激神经系统(脑泡)释放GnRH。然后GnRH促进哈氏窝分泌LH,从而可能刺激性腺产生和分泌性类固醇激素,始动文昌鱼性腺的发育至成熟及其生殖活动。此外,脑中芳香化酶可能介导文昌鱼性别分化。     

Extended Kalman filter for material parameter estimation in nonlinear structural finite element models using direct differentiation method

This paper presents a novel nonlinear finite element (FE) model updating framework, in which advanced nonlinear structural FE modeling and analysis techniques are used jointly with the extended Kalman filter (EKF) to estimate time‐invariant parameters associated to the nonlinear material constitutive models used in the FE model of the structural system of interest. The EKF as a parameter estimation tool requires the computation of structural FE response sensitivities (total partial derivatives) with respect to the material parameters to be estimated. Employing the direct differentiation method, which is a well‐established procedure for FE response sensitivity analysis, facilitates the application of the EKF in the parameter estimation problem. To verify the proposed nonlinear FE model updating framework, two proof‐of‐concept examples are presented. For each example, the FE‐simulated response of a realistic prototype structure to a set of earthquake ground motions of varying intensity is polluted with artificial measurement noise and used as structural response measurement to estimate the assumed unknown material parameters using the proposed nonlinear FE model updating framework. The first example consists of a cantilever steel bridge column with three unknown material parameters, while a three‐story three‐bay moment resisting steel frame with six unknown material parameters is used as second example. Both examples demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed parameter estimation framework even in the presence of high measurement noise. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Geochemical and Sr–Nd isotopic constraints on the petrogenesis of the Goesan monzodiorite pluton in the central Okcheon belt,Korea

The Permian–Triassic high pressure metamorphism and potassic magmatism in central Korea attest to the extension of the Dabie‐Sulu collision belt in central‐eastern China towards the Korean Peninsula and possibly the Japanese Islands. We present major and trace element and Sr–Nd isotope data for a ca. 230 Ma monzodiorite pluton emplaced in the Goesan area, central Okcheon belt, Korea. This pluton shows geochemical features comparable with those of the coeval monzonite–syenite–gabbro–mangerite suite documented recently in the Gyeonggi massif. The metaluminous and alkali–calcic signatures of the Goesan intrusives correspond to the Caledonian‐type post‐orogenic granitoids. The K₂O/Na₂O ratios of all analyzed samples are greater than 1, and are not correlative with their SiO₂ contents. The enrichment of both large‐ion‐lithophile elements and highly compatible elements in the Goesan pluton is probably indicative of metasomatized mantle origin. The elemental fractionation in the source region must have occurred in the distant past, possibly the Paleoproterozoic, to generate significantly negative ε_Nd(t) values (< –16). Chondrite‐normalized rare earth element patterns as well as Rb/Sr and Ba/Rb ranges suggest that the source consists of amphibole‐bearing rocks. Progressive decreases in negative Eu anomaly and Ba, Sr, Ni, Cr and V contents with increasing SiO₂ contents reflect an important role of plagioclase, biotite and hornblende for the fractionation process. Zr is undersaturated in the potassic, metaluminous melt. The initial Sr–Nd isotopic compositions of the samples are correlated with their SiO₂ contents, substantiating a role of crustal assimilation during the magmatic differentiation. The Sr–Nd elemental and isotopic modeling suggests that the Goesan pluton was initially slightly heterogeneous in its isotopic composition, and underwent concurrent assimilation and fractional crystallization. The occurrence of the Goesan pluton provides further evidence corroborating the amalgamation of allochthonous terranes within the Okcheon belt during the Permian–Triassic collisional orogeny.     

陕西省人口空间分异研究

基于第六次乡镇级人口普查数据,利用GIS技术展示陕西省人口信息的空间分异格局,通过计算Moran’s I指数、信息熵、分异指数、隔离指数等空间自相关和空间分异指标,结合地貌、资源、产业等地域特征,得出陕西省人口数量、属性及不同社会群体的空间分异特征,探讨其内在机理并提出政策建议。     

长沙市农村居民点景观格局变化及地域分异特征研究

以1989年、1999年和2009年3期Landsat TM影像及2005年的土地利用现状图为数据源,结合野外实地调查,应用GIS空间分析、重心迁移定量模型和景观生态学方法,对长沙市1989-2009年农村居民点的用地面积、规模、空间分布、形状的动态变化过程及地域分异特征进行了研究。研究结果表明: ① 20 a来农村居民点总面积及斑块平均规模不断扩大,农村居民点空间分布日趋集中和密集,斑块形状不断向完整与规则转变;② 农村居民点空间布局地域分异特征明显,在平均斑块面积、斑块密度等指标方面平原区、丘岗区与山区之间存在着显著差异;③ 20 a来,长沙市农村居民点的空间分布重心由西向东迁移,迁移距离为6.62 km。     

大陆地壳中元素地球化学分异指数排序模式

深入分析了元素相容性、元素两相间的分配系数与壳幔元素地球化学分异间的关系,建立壳幔元素地球化学分异模型,提出不相容元素在地壳富集与壳幔岩石部分熔融过程相关的观点。收集并整理了原始地幔、地壳各层圈60余种元素的平均化学成分。以壳幔元素的地球化学分异理论模型为依据,计算得到壳幔元素地球化学分异强度指数,并分析了元素分异指数与元素相容性的关系。根据分异指数数值大小由高到低排序得到大陆地壳元素地球化学分异强度的序列。最左边元素为正强分异元素,即强不相容元素,富集于大陆上地壳;最右边为负强分异元素,即强相容元素,在大陆上地壳相对贫化。分异指数值靠近1的元素在地壳的富集和贫化不明显,属于过渡型。根据该序列提出元素地球化学一种新的分类法,分布于序列左边的正强分异元素为亲地壳元素类,分布于序列右边的负强分异元素为亲地幔元素,处于两者之间的元素成为亲地壳 亲地幔的过渡元素,并在周期表中列出了各类元素的位置。新划分的三大类元素在周期表中呈现有规律的分布。     

GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION WITHIN ERIOCHOIR SINENSIS(MILNE,EDWARDS) REVEALED BY ALLOZYME AND RAPD

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＥｒｉｏｃｈｏｉｒｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａｉｓｃｏｍｍｏｎｌｙｃａｌｌｅｄｍｉｔｔｅｎｃｒａｂ .Ｉｔｉｓａｎａｄｒｏｍｏｕｓ,ｗｉｔｈｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌｓｍｏｖｉｎｇｆｒｏｍｆｒｅｓｈｔｏｍａｒｉｎｅｗａｔｅｒｔｏｓｐａｗｎ .Ｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｔｗｏｃｏｍｍｅｒｃｉａｌｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｓ:ＣｈａｎｇｊｉａｎｇＲｉｖ ｅｒ (ＣＲ)ａｎｄＬｉａｏｈｅＲｉｖｅｒ (ＬＲ) .Ｔｈｅｓｅｔｗｏｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｓａｒｅｖｅｒｙｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｔｏｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｙｆｒｏｍｔｈ…     

Genetic differentiation withinEriochoir sinensis (milne, edwards) revealed by allozyme and RAPD

We analyzed 17 allozymes, and 20 primers in order to detect the genetic differentiation between commercial populations (Changjiang River, Liaohe River) ofEriochoir sinensis. Ten allozymes (LDH, MDH, ME, IDH, EST, ALP, AAT, CTL, POD, SOD) showed 21 loci by vertically discontinuos buffer system polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. RAPD profiles generated by 12 ten-base primers showed 63 loci. The percentage of polymorphic loci and the expected heterozygosity obtained by using allozyme analysis were lower than those obtained by RAPD. The index of similarity between these two populations were 0.955 and 0.932 as revealed by allozyme analysis and RAPD technology. There was gene flow between the above populations. Contribution No. 4025 from the Institute of Oceanology and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Project 39470141 supported by NSFC. Work also supported by Climbing Program B (PDB 6-5-3) and No. 863 High-technology Program 863-819-01-05.     

基于栅格的安徽省人居环境人文适宜性评价

新时期新型城镇化建设对适宜的人居人文环境提出了切实要求.运用GIS技术,基于夜间灯光遥感影像、交通矢量、兴趣点(POI)、统计年鉴等多源数据,以500 m×500 m栅格为基础单元,选取经济水平、交通通达、历史文化、公共服务等因子(权重分别为0.36、0.27、0.17、0.20),采用综合指数法构建人居环境人文适宜性...