大兴安岭白音诺尔铅锌矿控矿构造研究与找矿预测

成矿物质来源及控矿因素是矿床学研究的前沿课题。过去人们认为成矿物质主要源于含矿围岩的萃取。因此,找矿重点是寻找矿源层。但是,更多的事实表明,成矿物质主要来自深源,通过地幔热柱多级演化迁移至地壳,并在幔枝构造较好的控矿构造空间聚集成矿。本文探讨了大兴安岭中南段的成矿作用,总结了该区的主要控矿构造,指出了不同级别构造对成矿的控制作用,并预测了不同级别的成矿靶区。     

安阳矿区双全井田岩性结构与煤体变形的关系

煤体变形程度控制着煤与瓦斯突出和煤层气的可开发性,煤体结构空间展布预测是人们长期关注的焦点。以岩体力学和分形几何学基本理论为指导,以安阳矿区双全井田为例,通过计算岩体强度因子和分形维数,系统探讨了岩性结构对煤体变形的影响。研究表明,岩体强度因子和分形维数与断层和测井曲线判识的煤体结构之间存在密切关系:低强度因子和分形维数区,煤体易发生韧性变形,软煤发育;高强度因子和分形维数区,煤体(和岩体)以脆性变形为主,以断层发育为特征。这一结论为井田构造发育特征和软煤空间展布所证实。岩体力学和分形几何学的引入,为煤体结构空间展布区域预测提供了一种新途径。     

Mobilization analysis of the dolmen of Dombate (Northwest Spain)

This paper presents an analysis of the mobilization of the dolmen of Dombate, a megalithic monument situated in the Northwest of Spain. The study is founded on simple static principles, with the application of basic concepts of soil mechanics (soil reactions were computed by the reaction modulus method) and rock mechanics (a simple secant approach was adopted to model the contact between orthostats). In addition, a simplified geometric model for dolmens was adopted. On the basis of these concepts, a numerical solver able to provide quick estimations of the system's mobilization was developed. Using this tool, a number of sensitivity analyses were conducted to estimate the mobilization that could be caused by a conservation project currently under consideration. It was found that mobilization might be excessive, and therefore, a safer procedure is proposed. In short, this paper puts forth a new rational approach for archaeological practices which may help to estimate the possible consequences of excavations and rehabilitations on megalithic structures.     

浙西北淳安银山地区银铅锌矿床矿石结构构造、矿石成分及成矿机制

浙西北与同处钦杭成矿带东段的赣东北和皖南相比,由于其地质研究程度较低,在该区尚未能找到大型多金属矿床。近年来,随着地质勘查程度的不断提高,淳安地区银山一带发现中型以上银铅锌矿床。本文选取银山矿区钻井岩芯中富含银、铅、锌矿石样品,利用显微镜观察和电子探针分析等方法,对其中的银等多金属的矿石结构构造、矿石成分及成矿机制等进行了较深入的研究。研究表明,银山地区多金属(银、铅、锌)矿体主要分布在蓝田组上段与上覆皮园村组之间的接触带中,另有部分处于蓝田组层内岩性变化的界面以及蓝田组底部白云质灰岩和下伏南沱组含砾泥岩之间,均呈似层状展布。矿石呈自形-半自形粒状结构、他形粒状结构和交代残余结构以及块状构造、浸染状构造和网脉状构造。金属矿物组合主要分为黄铁矿-黄铜矿-方铅矿-闪锌矿和磁黄铁矿-毒砂-闪锌矿两组,其中前者位于蓝田组顶部和皮园村组之间,属于中低温热液型的矿物组合,后者位于蓝田组下部和南沱组之间,属于中温热液型的矿物组合。通过对不同金属矿物中银含量的对比分析,得出银山地区银元素主要赋存在方铅矿中。脉石矿物有石英、方解石、白云母、绿泥石、单斜辉石等,尤其在矿石中多见的细粒单斜辉石按其成分上的差异分为透辉石和钙铁辉石两类,指示了热液作用对成矿的显著影响。综上所述,笔者认为浙西北银山多金属矿床成因很可能为早期层控-后期中低温热液改造的叠生型矿床。其形成机制是:震旦纪时期海相火山喷流沉积使得部分多金属成层聚集,蓝田组地层为银山多金属矿床的形成提供了部分的物质来源,加里东期的变质变形作用及其发育的断裂构造也具有一定的控制作用;随后,大规模的燕山期花岗质岩浆及其流体组分沿断裂带上侵,不仅使得原有地层中的多金属元素进一步富集,而且其本身也可能带入部分多金属流体,从而使得富含多金属元素热液流体在具有地球化学障的岩性界面上富集成矿。此项研究对该地区及邻区进一步找矿勘探具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。     

Effects from diaphragm wall installation to surrounding soil and adjacent buildings

A new approach for simulating the excavation and construction of subsequent panels is proposed to investigate the effects from the installation of diaphragm walls on the surrounding and adjacent buildings. The method has been combined with a 3-D nonlinear analysis and a constitutive law providing bulk and shear modulus variation, depending on the stress path (loading, unloading, reloading). From the application of the method in a normally to slightly over-consolidated clayey soil it was found that the panel length is the most affecting factor of ground movements and lateral stress reduction during panel installation. Moreover, from the evaluation of horizontal stress reduction and the variation of horizontal displacements arises that the effects from the construction of a panel are mainly limited to a zone within a distance of the order of the panel length. The effects on an adjacent building have also been investigated by applying a full soil–structure interaction including the whole building. Settlement profiles and settlements are given at specific points as increasing with subsequent installation of panels, providing the ability of specific monitoring guidelines for the upcoming construction of the diaphragm wall in front of the building. Contrary to lateral movements, which mostly take place at the panel under construction, it was found that the effect of settlements covers a larger area leading to a progressive settlement increase. The effect highly depends on the distance from the panel under construction.     

新型抗滑结构围桩-土的耦合效应分析

在引入围桩-土耦合式抗滑结构的基础上建立数值分析模型;通过分析该抗滑结构中围桩-土的应力、应变分布规律,详细探讨围桩-土整个结构的耦合效应特征。进一步开展模型试验,测试并分析围桩前、后土压力和桩身弯矩分布特征,论证了围桩-土耦合式抗滑结构的作用机制。最后,分析了桩后距离、不同深度及不同土体强度参数对土拱效应的影响。得到：（1）围桩与桩内土体耦合呈现出4种应力拱形态：紧邻围桩后为扩肩型拱、围桩间双曲线型拱、围桩间凸向桩外的抛物线型拱、围桩间凸向桩内的抛物线型拱;（2）相邻围桩采用约4倍桩径间距、正六边形布置并顶部用圈梁固结、锚固一定深度可形成一种耦合式抗滑结构。该结论对于该新型抗滑结构的推广应用具有一定的指导意义。     

Deformation history of the Naraku Batholith,Mt Isa Inlier,Australia: Implications for pluton ages and geometries from structural study of the Dipvale Granodiorite and Levian Granite

Plutons of the Naraku Batholith were emplaced into Proterozoic metasediments of the northern portion of the Eastern Fold Belt of the Mt Isa Inlier during two intrusive episodes approximately 200 million years apart. Structural relationships and geochronological data suggest that the older plutons (ca 1750 Ma) are contemporaneous with granites of the Wonga Batholith to the west. The Dipvale Granodiorite and the Levian Granite represent these older intrusive phases of the Naraku Batholith, and both contain an intense tectonic foliation, S₁, which is interpreted to have formed during the north‐south shortening associated with D₁ of the Isan Orogeny. The geometry of S₁ form surfaces at the southern end of the Dipvale Granodiorite, and of the previously unrecognised sheeted contact, defines a macroscopic, steeply south‐southwest‐plunging antiform, which was produced by the regional D₂ of the Isan Orogeny. S₁ form surfaces in the Levian Granite define open F₂ folds with wavelengths of several hundred metres. The structural age of emplacement of the Dipvale Granodiorite and the Levian Granite is interpreted to be pre‐ or syn‐ the regional D₁. An intense foliation present in some of the younger (ca 1505 Ma) granites that comprise the bulk of the Naraku Batholith is interpreted to represent S₃ of the Isan Orogeny. Foliations commonly have similar styles and orientations in both the pre‐D₁ and younger plutons. This emphasises the simplicity with which regional fabrics can be, and probably have been, miscorrelated in the Eastern Fold Belt, and that the classification of granites in general on the basis of structural and geometric criteria alone is fraught with danger.     

Kaolinite Claystones associated with the Wongawilli seam in the southern part of the Sydney basin

Kaolinite claystones that are similar in structure, texture and composition to the kaolin tonsteins of Western Europe, and to some of the flint clays of North America, are associated with the Wongawilli Seam in the southern part of the Sydney Basin, where they form thin persistent bands within the coal and somewhat thicker deposits immediately overlying the seam. The thin bands within the coal are fine grained and consist of brecciated to pelletal clasts composed of well‐ordered kaolinite set in a matrix of similar composition. The thicker deposits overlying the seam are much coarser grained and appear restricted in occurrence to the basin margins. They contain a predominance of oolites with kaolinite clasts bonded by a relatively sparse matrix and in places, remarkable ‘outgrowths’ of vermicular kaolinite. The origin of the deposits is discussed, and it is concluded that most of the unusual features of these claystones can be ascribed to a fluvial environment.     

岩石圈流变结构研究进展

岩石圈流变学研究,近年来国外已取得较大进展。国内学者在岩石圈热结构、强度剖面和盆地流变学演化、构造流变计等方面取得了丰富的成果。岩石圈流变性取决于岩石圈的地热状态、物质组成和结构,并量化为岩石圈总强度。不同构造区的地热状态可由地表热流值获得,岩石圈的物质组成和热力学结构可由地球物理资料获得,在此基础上可得出岩石圈流变性在区域上的变化。岩石圈流变性的空间变化产生了构造上的软弱带,成为极易变形区域。岩石圈流变性及岩石圈总强度反映的岩石圈热力学性质在盆地的形成过程中也起了重要作用,它决定了岩石圈的变形位置、盆地的几何形状及格局。构造流变计用来研究不同尺度地质体的流变结构和地质体的流变学演化,具有很好的发展前景。     

长白山火山活动发展阶段及火山灾害评价

长白山地区火山活动划分二个发展阶段：以点一线形式喷发形成的广阔玄武岩台地阶段一焊缝构造发展阶段;中心式大规模喷发形成的锥状火山机构一焊点构造发展阶段,长白山地区乃至吉林东部地区中一新生代以来抬升平均速率81m／Ma及白头山一泉阳一露水河一带中生代以来存在一个火山坳陷盆地。