真实自回避行走中晶体生长界面结构的分形行为

晶体生长过程实际上就是生长基元从周围环境中不断地通过界面而进入晶格座位的过程。一般认为,研究生长基元以何种方式以及如何通过界面进入晶格座位是晶体生长界面结构研究中的关键。在生长基元以分子或者原子的微粒子形式在生长环境中进行无规游走的前提下,本文运用真实自回避行走(TSAW)模型,通过重整化群思想来研究晶体生长界面结构的分形行为。研究发现:晶体生长界面结构的分形行为与生长基元的游走路径形态密切相关,并且在理想状况下真实自回避行走与标准Koch曲线的分形维极为接近。     

宣城沸石热处理结构和阳离子交换容量演化

根据宣城沸石化学成分、可交换阳离子组成和热处理晶体结构演化,判断宣城沸石为富钙斜发沸石,具有低热稳定性的特点。通过正交实验研究了沸石CEC测定的最佳条件,并在此条件下对不同温度焙烧后沸石CEC进行了测定。结果表明,焙烧温度小于400℃时,沸石CEC变化很小;250℃时CEC稍微升高,达到最大值,这是由于焙烧导致体积密度降低、计算基准差异造成的;在250～400℃之间,焙烧样品CEC缓慢降低;焙烧温度大于400℃,沸石CEC迅速降低。热分析和X射线衍射分析结果证实,沸石晶体结构发生变化的起点在250℃,结构发生突变的温度为400℃。在高温焙烧中沸石CEC迅速降低是沸石晶体结构破坏所致。富钙沸石作为离子交换剂使用时,热加工温度不能超过400℃。     

多轨道探测资料实时查询统计系统的实现

为了实时监视新增资料的时效和质量情况，国家气象信息中心承担了“中国气象局多轨道探测资料实时监控与统计平台”项目。其中，实时资料的查询统计系统是整个项目的主要开发任务之一，该系统采用．NET技术结合水晶报表工具进行开发，提供了灵活的监视、查询和统计功能以及完善的报表操作功能。从系统分析、系统实现以及系统特点3个方面对该系统进行了详细的介绍。     

AVR单片机在水准仪数字化改造中的应用

利用低功耗、高性能的AVR单片机作为系统的数据处理主控单元,结合光照灵敏度较高的图像传感器和具有汉字显示的图形点阵液晶显示设备,对传统光学水准仪进行数字化改造,设计了硬件电路和软件编程,通过实验测试,提高了水准测量的精度。     

板状绿柱石晶体的结构测定

自然界中绿柱石晶体多为柱状,具板状晶形的绿柱石非常少见。本文对产于四川雪宝顶云英岩晶洞中的无色透明板状绿柱石进行了精确的结构分析,并与产于阿尔泰山号伟晶岩脉中的柱状绿柱石进行了比较。与阿尔泰柱状绿柱石相比,雪面板状绿石富Ｌi、Ｎａ,ｃ／ａ值较高,为１．００１,属钠－锂绿柱石或“四面体”绿柱石。本文还对这种特殊形貌柱石的形成机制进行了初步讨论,成矿流体中Ｌi的浓度以及Ｓi的化学形态可能是影响柱石忻驳闹     

A possible new molecular mechanism of thundercloud electrification

Thunderclouds are electrified when charge is transferred between small and large ice particles colliding in a cloud that contains strong updrafts. The small ice particles rise with one type of charge and the large ice particles fall and carry with them downward the other type of charge, which is most often negative, so that normally lightning lowers negative charge from cloud to the ground. While the collisional mechanism of thundercloud charging is well established, the nature of the charge transfer between the colliding ice particles is not very well understood on the atomic level, and no present theory can explain it in full detail. Here we propose a new charge separation mechanism that is based on molecular dynamics simulations of particle surfaces and collisions, keeping track of the individual charges as they move in the form of salt ions from one ice particle to another. Under normal conditions, when sulfates dominate as cloud condensation nuclei, this ionic mechanism is consistent with the prevailing negative charging of graupels in thunderclouds. Moreover, with dearth of sulfate anions, the present mechanism predicts a shift towards positive charging. This fits well to a large range of observations of enhanced positive lightning, connected with smoke rich in chlorides and nitrates, that could not be explained satisfactorily previously.     

人工晶体(Bi38CrO60)--驾鹿矿在自然界的首次发现及矿物成因和地质意义

1983年, ZhitomirsKii等人在实验室条件下合成了四方晶体Bi16CrO27和立方晶体Bi38CrO60.它们在自然界首次发现于中国陕西省洛南县驾鹿金矿床中,分别被命名为铬铋矿(Bi16.006Cr0.997O27)和驾鹿矿(Bi38.008Cr0.996O60).驾鹿矿较铬铋矿形成较晚,其共生、伴生矿物有黄铜矿、自然金、碲金矿、含氧金矿物、石英等.常呈不规则粒状集合体,偶见＜0.05 mm立方体微晶,棕黑色,金属光泽;平均维克硬度Hv=232.78 kg/mm2 ,平均摩氏硬度Hm=4.15;实测密度D=14.10(3) g/cm3,计算密度Dx=14.08(2) g/cm3,折射率n=3.14(3).采用2种电子探针进行波谱定量分析的成分及计算的化学式分别是①EPM8100分析的结果w(Bi2O3)为98.854%、w(CrO3)为1.111%,总和为99.965%;化学式为Bi38.009Cr0.995O60;②CAMEBAX-SX51分析的结果w(Bi2O3)为98.862%,w(CrO2)为1.112%,总和为99.974%;化学式为Bi38.008Cr0.996O60.均可写为Bi38CrO60.2种仪器测定的结果非常接近,说明所测定的化学成分和计算的化学式是十分可靠的.X-射线粉晶分析主要强线d(I)(hkl)分别为0.3215(100),(310); 0.27211(72),(321); 0.17145(40),(530); 0.1696(30), (600);0.1651(30),(611);0.1608(30),(620);0.29411(25),(222);0.3596(22),(220);0.2171(20),(332);0.1503(20),(631);0.1996(18),(510);0.2401(13),(330);0.2275(13),(420);0.1217(12),(653);0.1184(12),(750);0.1858(10),(521)等轴晶系,可能的空间群为Im3m;a=1.0181(1) nm,c/a=1,晶胞体积V=1.05529(1) nm3,Z=1.1-Kp/Kc=0.019.Cr+6,Bi+3,O-2.驾鹿矿和人工晶体(Bi38CrO60)在化学成分、X-射线粉晶数据基本一致,充分证明了驾鹿矿是人工晶体(Bi38CrO60)在自然界的首次发现.新矿物--铬铋矿及驾鹿矿是在碱性高温热液条件下形成的,受体系组份浓度的影响,特别是Cr+6的影响,驾鹿矿的形成稍晚于铬铋矿.Bi在金矿物中含量较高,因此铬铋矿及驾鹿矿的发现和研究对该金矿床找矿和研究有着重要的理论和实际意义.     

Electric-field gradient and mean-squared-displacement tensors in hedenbergite from single-crystal Mössbauer milliprobe measurements

We report Mössbauer milliprobe measurements on small single-crystals of a magnesium-rich hedenbergite, approximate composition CaFe_0.54Mg_0.46 (SiO₃)₂, in which each of the electric-field gradient and mean-squared displacement tensors for Fe²⁺ in the M1 site of the crystal are precisely determined. Each tensor has in common, as required of crystal symmetry, the twofold axis of the monoclinic unit cell, but the principal directions of the two tensors in the perpendicular plane are non-coincident. The mean-squared displacements determined in the Mössbauer experiment exceed those determined from the X-ray vibration ellipsoids for Fe²⁺/M1 by a factor of 1.6; the anisotropy in the mean-squared displacement tensor from the Mössbauer measurements exceeds that from X-ray by a factor of around 5. The ramifications of these differences are discussed.     

流入型洞穴——山东沂源九天洞初步研究

九天洞是一个典型的直接由外源水补给形成的流入型洞穴。洞内大片分布的石花起源于四大古水池沉积物的存在。九天洞发育于第四纪早更新世晚期至中更新世早期,经历过成洞期、残余水流(古水池)活动期(中更新世中、晚期)石花发育期(晚更新世以来)和主要滴石、流石(含浅水池)沉积期(晚更新世晚期至今)等发育阶段。今日的九天洞又是一个残余洞穴,已被完全蚀去的近流入口段的洞穴长度不小于200m,约占洞穴全长的37%。九天洞及其洞穴群的景观资源价值和科学价值,在我国北方喀斯特洞穴中占有重要的地位。      

Contact metamorphism and crystal size distribution studies in the Shivar aureole,NW Iran

The Shivar pluton, a large granodiorite–monzonite intrusion in NW Iran, was intruded into Cretaceous sedimentary rocks during the Oligo‐Miocene. Its thermal aureole contains a variety of pelitic, basic and calc‐silicate hornfelses. Mineral parageneses in the pelitic and calc‐silicate hornfelses are studied here and mineralogical zones are determined. The maximum pressure of contact metamorphism is estimated to have been about 2.2 kbar on the basis of mineral parageneses in the pelitic rocks, indicating that the intrusion was emplaced no deeper than 8 km in the crust. Crystal size distribution (CSD) studies in the calc‐silicate hornfelses indicate that the degree of overstepping was high near the igneous contact. Secondary solid phases (SSP) inhibited growth of calcite grains in the calc‐silicate rocks and impure marbles. Garnet had a greater inhibitory effect as a SSP than tremolite or clinopyroxene. The time required for coarsening of calcite is calculated for two samples collected at different distances from the igneous contact. The time required for calcite coarsening is about 33 000 years for the sample 800 m from the contact and about 226 000 years for the sample 120 m from the contact. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.