一次梅雨锋降水系统三维风场双、三雷达对比研究

2002年，“我国重大气候和天气灾害的形成机理与预测理论研究”项目首次启用三多普勒天气雷达组网对暴雨系统进行同步观测，作者使用MUSCAT技术对6月24日梅雨锋雨带上的一个中β系统进行了双、三多普勒雷达三维风场对比分析，表明大气中低层辐合线是此次暴雨系统的一个重要特征。     

洋脊和年轻洋壳俯冲与埃达克岩生成的热模拟

新生代以来 ,环太平洋周边分布的埃达克岩 (Adakite)主要与年轻洋壳俯冲时在 70～ 90km深处的部分熔融有关。利用数值方法 ,模拟了洋壳俯冲的热演化过程并讨论了脱水、熔融对埃达克岩浆活动的影响。结果表明 :仅在活动海岭俯冲前后约 10Ma内 ,年轻的、热的俯冲海洋板片在 75～85km深度范围内 ,温度升高至 82 5～ 10 0 0℃脱水 ,导致年轻洋壳中角闪岩部分熔融 ,形成埃达克岩(Adakite)。而一般洋壳俯冲在 10 0km以下深度才脱水 ,由于脱水区压力较高洋壳自身不能熔融 ,水进入上覆地幔楔状体导致部分熔融 ,形成安山岩 (Andesite     

基于灵敏度分析的结构损伤识别中的传感器优化配置

本文提出了结构损伤识别中的传感器测点优化配置的方法。该方法是通过仅考虑结构刚度变化的结构特征灵敏度分析，以结构各自由度的损伤信息为条件，计算出结构的Fisher信息阵，并且考虑到Fisher信息阵的逆阵可能不存在，而将Fisher信息阵对应于每个自由度进行分解，通过计算每个分解的Fisher信息阵的迹而确定每个自由度含有的损伤信息的多少，从而从结构的全部自由度中去掉那些含损伤信息少的自由度。建立直接利用结构不完整的实测模态来定位结构的损伤，避免结构模态扩阶带来不必要的误差。最后，通过数值算例表明，该方法能有效地识别出结构的损伤。     

前驱地震波的试验研究及波谱分析

研究了含预置裂纹的有机玻璃试样在加载实验过程中，大破裂之前出现的长周期、小振幅低频事件，并与大地震前可能出现的同类现象（即前驱地震波）进行了对比研究，根据波形记录和频谱分析得出：前驱地震波是地壳介质的长周期波动，是一种客观存在的前兆特征，具有短临前兆意义。     

Intercomparison of Stratospheric Chemistry Models under Polar Vortex Conditions

Several stratospheric chemistry modules from box, 2-D or 3-D models, have been intercompared. The intercomparison was focused on the ozone loss and associated reactive species under the conditions found in the cold, wintertime Arctic and Antarctic vortices. Comparisons of both gas phase and heterogeneous chemistry modules show excellent agreement between the models under constrained conditions for photolysis and the microphysics of polar stratospheric clouds. While the mean integral ozone loss ranges from 4–80% for different 30–50 days long air parcel trajectories, the mean scatter of model results around these values is only about ±1.5%. In a case study, where the models employed their standard photolysis and microphysical schemes, the variation around the mean percentage ozone loss increases to about ±7%. This increased scatter of model results is mainly due to the different treatment of the PSC microphysics and heterogeneous chemistry in the models, whereby the most unrealistic assumptions about PSC processes consequently lead to the least representative ozone chemistry. Furthermore, for this case study the model results for the ozone mixing ratios at different altitudes were compared with a measured ozone profile to investigate the extent to which models reproduce the stratospheric ozone losses. It was found that mainly in the height range of strong ozone depletion all models underestimate the ozone loss by about a factor of two. This finding corroborates earlier studies and implies a general deficiency in our understanding of the stratospheric ozone loss chemistry rather than a specific problem related to a particular model simulation.     

长白山天池火山区上地壳三维速度层析成像

利用三维地震透射观测系统所获得的莫霍界面反射波对长白山天池火山区下方上地壳的三维速度细结构进行了反演计算，得到了研究区下方地壳内不同深度的P、S波速度层析成像和VP/VS扰动分布图像，结果表明，天池火山区及其周边速度结构所呈现出的非均匀性变化与该区的地质构造和岩浆系统的存在有着密切的关系，异常变化比较明显的低P波速度异常体分布和高VP/VS扰动体意味这些介质体处在“软化高温”的状态，这与该地区广泛分布的地热异常和低Q值结构的研究结果是一致的.     

地下水对地电前兆影响的实验研究

以含水岩土为样本，研究了不同含水率，不同矿化度，不同压力，不同温度以及岩土层中重力水面的不等高度状态下岩土电阻率的定量变化，实验表明，岩土介质电阻率与所含水的特性有十分密切的关系，该实验首次把地下水前兆与地地前兆作为一个整体，来研究地者之间的内在联系，并分析其相关特征。     

边坡及其它类工程地质问题研究

本文提出有关边坡工程地质研究方面的一些新概念，看法和问题，并概述了属地这一专题的边坡及其它各类工程地质问题的研究成果。     

Wide-angle seismic velocities in heterogeneous crust

Seismic velocities measured by wide-angle surveys are commonly used to constrain material composition in the deep crust. Therefore, it is important to understand how these velocities are affected by the presence of multiscale heterogeneities. The effects may be characterised by the scale of the heterogeneity relative to the dominant seismic wavelength (λ); what is clear is that heterogeneities of all scales and strengths bias wide-angle velocities to some degree. Waveform modelling was used to investigate the apparent wide-angle P -wave velocities of different heterogeneous lower crusts. A constant composition (50 per cent felsic and 50 per cent ultramafic) was formed into a variety of 1- and 2-D heterogeneous arrangements and the resulting wide-angle seismic velocity was estimated. Elastic, 1-D models produced the largest velocity shift relative to the true average velocity of the medium (which is the velocity of an isotropic mixture of the two components). Thick (width > λ) horizontal layers, as a result of Fermat's Principle, provided the largest increase in velocity; thin (width ≪λ) vertical layers produced the largest decrease in velocity. Acoustic 2-D algorithms were shown to be inadequate for modelling the kinematics of waves in bodies with multiscale heterogeneities. Elastic, 2-D modelling found velocity shifts (both positive and negative) that were of a smaller magnitude than those produced by 1-D models. The key to the magnitude of the velocity shift appears to be the connectivity of the fast (and/or slow) components. Thus, the models with the highest apparent levels of connectivity between the fast phases, the 1-D layers, produced the highest-magnitude velocity shifts. To understand the relationship between measured seismic velocities and petrology in the deep crust it is clear that high-resolution structural information (which describes such connectivity) must be included in any modelling.