新疆准噶尔地区花岗岩中微粒闪长质包体特征及后碰撞花岗质岩浆起源和演化

新疆准噶尔地区也布山、庙儿沟两个晚古生代后碰撞准铝一过铝质花岗岩体中，广泛发育大量的暗色微粒闪长质包体。岩石学、矿物学、主量元素和微量元素地球化学研究表明，包体与其寄主岩存在明显的亲缘关系。东准噶尔也布山黑云母花岗岩体中的暗色微粒包体与寄主岩有相似的地球化学成分，表明它是与寄主花岗岩相同成因的同源包体，是来自上地幔的基性岩浆经过高度演化、结晶分异的产物；西准噶尔庙儿沟二长花岗岩体中含钾长石斑晶的微粒包体则主要是由幔源的下地壳基性岩部分熔融形成的残余体，被酸性岩浆携带并发生成分上的同化和混染，最后在上地壳侵位的产物。同准噶尔碱性花岗岩一样，载荷包体的准铝一过铝质花岗岩是晚古生代后碰撞阶段构造一岩浆活动的岩石类型之一，其形成和演化标志了准噶尔地区后碰撞幔源岩浆底侵作用导致大陆地壳垂向生长的过程。     

鄂东南铜山口、殷祖埃达克质（adakitic）侵入岩的地球化学特征对比：（拆沉）下地壳熔融与斑岩铜矿的成因

鄂东南地区铜山口花岗闪长斑岩体是与斑岩铜钼矿床共生的岩体,但殷祖花岗闪长岩体是与金属成矿无关的岩体。铜山口和殷祖侵入岩的元素地球化学特征与埃达克岩的地球化学特征非常类似,如高Al2O3、Sr含量与La/Yb、Sr/Y比值,富Na2O(Na2O/K2O>1.0),亏损Y与Yb,极弱负Eu异常-正Eu异常以及正Sr异常等。但是铜山口和殷祖侵入岩也存在 明显的差别:前者比后者更偏酸性,但具有较高的K2O,MgO,Cr,Ni和Sr含量,较低的Y和Yb含量,轻重稀土元素分异更明显,并主要显示出正铕异常,区别于后者的极弱负Eu异常-不明显Eu异常。这表明铜山口埃达克质侵入岩的岩浆来源可能比殷祖埃达克质侵入岩的岩浆来源更深:前者可能由拆沉的下地壳熔融形成,残留物主要含石榴子石;而后者可能由增厚的下地壳熔融形成,残留物可能为石榴子石±斜长石±角闪石。另外,热的地幔上涌,底辟(diapir)进入下地壳,导致含角闪石的榴辉岩发生熔融也可形成铜山口埃达克质岩浆。铜山口埃达克质岩浆在穿过地幔的过程中,将会与地幔橄榄岩发生交换反应:一方面由于受橄榄岩的混染而使得岩浆的MgO,Cr和Ni增高;另一方面岩浆中的Fe2O3不断加入到地幔中,导致地幔的氧逸度(fo2)增高,地幔中金属硫化物被氧化并进入岩浆中,富含Cu-Mo等成矿物质的岩浆上升很容易形成斑岩铜钼矿     

Sounding of electrical structure of the crust and upper mantle along the eastern border of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its tectonic significance

Sounding and study on electrical structure of the crust and upper mantle within the eastern border region of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau by using the magnetotelluric sounding (simply MT) method permitted us to understand the characteristics of specific electrical structure in the region. The sounding result clearly revealed that: (1) The Xianshuihe fault zone represents a large-scale lithospheric fault and is an important boundary fault of the rhombic Sichuan-Yunnan block. (2) The sounded region is a strong earthquake-prone zone. The different crustal media of blocks on both sides of the fault became an important deep background for the strong seismo-active zone. (3) A large-scale low-resistivity layer is found to exist at a depth more than ten kilometers beneath the northern part of the rhombic Sichuan-Yunnan block. Its electrical resistivity is only several to tens Ω?m. The layer northeastward extends down at an angle of 45°. It is related to an obstacle to the lateral squeeze of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and eastward flow of mass by the rigid block. It is inferred from the characteristics of electrical property of deep media that the northern part of the recent rhombic Sichuan-Yunnan block is in a thermal state and is one of the recently fairly active blocks. (4) The lithosphere in the sounded region is gradually thickened from the western segment (northern Sichuan-Yunnan block) to east (Yangtze block).     

Shear-wave splitting in a critical crust: III. Preliminary report of multi-variable measurements in active tectonics

This is a preliminary report on two sets of recent observations from a region of active tectonics that provide comparatively direct evidence for the critical state of the fluid-saturated microcracked crust. The first data set from crosshole seismics in a controlled source stress-monitoring site (SMS) shows that the crust of the Earth is highly compliant and responds to low-level changes of tectonic stress at substantial distances. The second set of data from earthquake seismograms shows that the seismically active Húsavík–Flatey Fault plane is pervaded by critically high pore-fluid pressures, which cause 90° flips in the polarisations of seismic shear waves. We suggest that both sets of observations confirm previous hypotheses for a compliant crack-critical (CCC) crust. This is a new understanding of low-level pre-fracturing deformation that has fundamental implications for a range of applications in solid earth geophysics. These applications range from monitoring hydrocarbon production with time-lapse seismics to monitoring tectonic stress in in situ rock and stress-forecasting the times and magnitudes of impending large earthquakes.     

Anisotropy in the Earth's crust and uppermost mantle in southeastern Europe obtained from Rayleigh and Love surface waves

Digital seismograms from 25 earthquakes located in the southeastern part of Europe, recorded by three-component very broadband seismometers at the stations Vitosha (Bulgaria) and Muntele Rosu (Romania), were processed to obtain the dispersion properties of Rayleigh and Love surface waves. Rayleigh and Love group-velocity dispersion curves were obtained by frequency–time analysis (FTAN). The path-averaged shear-wave velocity models were computed from the obtained dispersion curves. The inversion of the dispersion curves was performed using an approach based on the Backus–Gilbert inversion method. Finally, 70 path-averaged velocity models (35 R-models computed from Rayleigh dispersion curves and 35 L-models computed from Love dispersion curves) were obtained for southeastern Europe. For most of the paths, the comparison between each pair of models (R-model and L-models for the same path) shows that for almost all layers the shear-wave velocities in the L-models are higher than in the R-models. The upper sedimentary layers are the only exception. The analysis of both models shows that the depth of the Moho boundary in the L-models is shallower than its depth in the R-models. The existence of an anisotropic layer associated with the Moho boundary at depths of 30–45 km may explain this phenomenon. The anisotropy coefficient was calculated as the relative velocity difference between both R- and L-models at the same depths. The value of this coefficient varies between 0% and 20%. Generally, the anisotropy of the medium caused by the polarization anisotropy is up to 10–12%, so the maximum observed discrepancies between both types of models are also due to the lateral heterogeneity of the shear-wave velocity structure of the crust and the upper mantle in the region.     

南北地震带及青藏块体东部垂直形变与地震活动研究

通过对南北地震带及青藏块体东部各形变监测区近30年区域水准资料的计算分析，发现地壳运动和地震活动之间存在一定的呼应关系，地壳运动呈激烈的继承性运动，地震处于弱活动阶段；地壳运动继承性减弱(或呈逆继承性运动)，地震处于强活跃阶段，地震活动强弱在时间上明显滞后于地壳运动，二活动方式具有明显的波动性和周期性。现今地壳运动在运行到波谷后呈缓慢增强的继承性运动，估计未来几年内南北地震带地震活动仍将维持现状，不会出现明显的增强趋势。     

西秦岭温泉混浆花岗岩的微量与稀土元素地球化学特征

西秦岭温泉岩体是壳、幔岩浆混浆的产物。寄主岩石高Mo、Sn、Bi、W等高温热液成矿元素及Co、Ni、Cr等亲铁元素。而基性端元的暗色微细粒镁铁质包体及基性岩墙则异常富集轻稀土和Ba、Rb、Sr、Zr、Th、Hf、Nb等大离子亲石元素，贫Co、Ni、Cr等亲铁元素，微量元素的反常分布，指示了两个端元元素演化的显著依从性和交换性。LREE／HREE值在寄主岩石中为10～15，受岩浆混合作用影响在基性端元为9．98～13．5，异常富轻稀土。δEu值及(La／Sm)N、(Gd／Yb)N、(La／Yb)N等比值，显示该岩体为混浆花岗岩。岩浆混合作用强烈的混浆暗色花岗岩具有显著的壳慢过渡性质。     

低应变动测法在水泥土桩工程质量检测中的应用初探

本文对水泥土桩强度的影响因素和低应变动测与水泥土桩强度特性的关系进行了分析，结合工程实践探讨了低应变动测法在水泥土桩质量检测中的适用性。     

鄂尔多斯盆地中部气田天然气混源的地球化学标志与评价

鄂尔多斯盆地中部气田奥陶系风化壳天然气藏的气源问题是迄今尚有争议的重要问题。在前人大量研究的基础上，系统研究了该气田天然气混源的地球化学特征与标志，并利用多指标综合评价了气藏的气源。研究结果表明，鄂尔多斯盆地中部气田奥陶系风化壳天然气具有高一过成熟干气的组分和同位素特征。天然气的来源比较复杂，既有以石炭一二叠系来源为主的煤成气，又有以下古生界来源为主的油型气。该气田东部区块的天然气主要为煤成气，中部气田北部、西部及南部区块的天然气主要为油型气。     

西秦岭糜署岭岩体镁铁质微粒包体的特征及成因

糜署岭岩体的岩石组合为灰白色似斑状二长花岗岩-花岗闪长岩-石英闪长岩，其中镁铁质微粒包体十分发育。包体密集成群、成带状分布，个体大小悬殊且有定向性。有的包体具有细粒边，有的见冷凝边；包体与寄主岩石在成分、色率以及组构上多呈弱过渡关系，界线模糊；包体中发育斜长石异常环带及针状磷灰石，常有寄主岩石中的钾长石巨晶(捕虏晶)。这些特征提供了基性岩浆与酸性岩浆混合的证据，也为探讨本区中生代壳幔混合作用和地壳增生提供了信息。