The enrichments of organic matter and total nitrogen in sediment as affected by relavant factors

1IntroductionResearch results have shown that overland flow firstly removes fine particles of topsoil because the fine soil particles can be easily transported in runoff (Burwell etal., 1975; Alberts etal., 1983; Gregory 1991). The component differences of fine soil particles between the sediment resulting from soil erosion and the original soil were studied (Meyer etal., 1975; Loch etal., 1982; Cogo, 1983). Sediment was normally composed of soil aggregates and particles of different diamet…     

剪跨比和箍筋率对钢筋混凝土框架柱动态特性的影响效应

基于通用有限元软件ABAQUS,分别在准静态和动态加载条件下,对不同剪跨比和箍筋率的钢筋混凝土柱进行了数值模拟。对比现有试验结果发现,ABAQUS的模拟效果与试验结果吻合较好;加载速率的影响随着剪跨比和箍筋率的增大而降低;钢筋混凝土柱的峰值承载力随着加载速率增大而增大的趋势明显,刚度无明显变化,延性比趋于稳定。因此,在进行地震作用下钢筋混凝土结构的抗震分析时,对加载速率的影响效应要给予足够的考虑。     

Ri-μi/μm-Ci dependent oblateness of deformed pebbles in the Baraitha conglomerate,Central India and tectonic implications

Strain analysis of the Baraitha conglomerate is attempted by direct measurements on extracted pebbles and by micrometric analysis. The overall deformation is of flattening type, with thek value lower by more than half in the matrix than in the pebbles. The viscosity contrast between pebbles and matrix (μ _i/μ_m) is in the ratio of 2:1 and the bulk deformation appears to be strongly controlled by C_i (concentration of pebbles expressed as percentage). The total shortening (≃35%) in the Baraitha conglomerate is comparable with the shortening accomplished in the folding of the overlying Bijawar Group volcanosedimentary sequence. The bulk strain axesX _t, Y_t andZ _t, as determined from the analysis of the deformed conglomerate, are unsymmetrically oriented with reference to folds formed by oblique flexural-slip with neitherX _t norY _tcoincident with the fold hinges. The lack of transection of folds by cleavage again suggests flattening deformation. The extension in theY _tdirection is greater in the matrix than in the pebbles.     

应用硅化-水泥灌浆法快速处理地基

合肥市望江东路某小区因新建住宅楼使相邻建筑物基础产生不均匀沉降,造成墙体、地面多处裂缝,裂缝的发展很快,采用硅化-水泥灌浆法快速地阻止了不均匀沉降,保证相邻建筑物安全使用.     

A nonparametric characterization of vertical ground motion effects

Design guidelines have traditionally oversimplified the vertical ground motion effects by defining a constant vertical‐to‐horizontal response spectral ratio (V/H). With the recognition that such practice is not always conservative, recent studies have proposed improvements to the representation of vertical seismic effects in design codes, based on empirical ground motion relations. Conventional empirical modeling requires selecting the functional form of the predictive model. Because of the complicated nature of ground motions, identification of the underlying function is a challenge. A related drawback to this approach is its high susceptibility to overfitting, especially with today's highly complex models. To address these issues, this paper proposes a nonparametric approach to characterize the vertical seismic effects. Using support vector machines, the V/H ratio is determined without an assumed functional form. The accuracy of the model is measured by adopting an epsilon‐insensitive residual function with a regularization term added to prevent overfitting. An example application using ground motion records from strike‐slip and normal faulting earthquakes is presented, and the results are compared with a current empirical model, for different magnitude, distance, and local soil conditions. The median V/H estimates from the two models are shown to be in good general agreement. The standard deviation estimates from the proposed model are consistently larger than the estimates from the empirical model. The results from this study show that the proposed method is a viable alternative and offers the opportunity to characterize vertical seismic effects without an assumed functional form. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新田县富锶地下水动态特点与成因分析

为掌握湖南省新田县富锶地下水的动态特点,在2017年1-12月对两处富锶地下水进行了一年定期采样分析。结果表明：S045下降泉Sr2+含量在丰水期、平水期、枯水期基本保持稳定,其值分别为0.27 mg?kg-1、0.25 mg?kg-1、0.26 mg?kg-1,S045下降泉Sr2+含量全年保持相对稳定的主要原因是水文地质特点决定了降雨对S045富锶下降泉Sr2+含量的稀释效应有限;ZK1机井Sr2+含量表现为丰水期＞平水期＞枯水期,其值分别为0.73 mg?kg-1、0.68 mg?kg-1、0.52 mg?kg-1,水循环条件的差异引起水位的变化导致高锶潜流带水与低锶浅潜流带水混合比例不同,使ZK1机井中锶含量与大气降雨具有正相关性。而离子比值法表明：S045下降泉的γ（Na?）/γ（Cl?）比值在丰水期、平水期、枯水期分别为0.78、0.44、0.49,γ(HCO〖_3^-〗+SO〖_4^(2-)〗)/γ(Ca2++Mg2+)比值在丰水期、平水期、枯水期分别为0.99、0.98、0.96;ZK1机井的γ（Na?）/γ（Cl?）比值在丰水期、平水期、枯水期分别为75.24、71.34、126.08,γ(HCO〖_3^-〗+SO〖_4^(2-)〗)/γ(Ca2++Mg2+)比值在丰水期、平水期、枯水期分别为37.13、30.54、44.89,这说明ZK1机井中地下水发生了阳离子交换。S045下降泉的γ（Cl?）/γ（Ca2?）比值在丰水期、平水期、枯水期平均值分别为1.09×10-2、1.06×10-2、1.05×10-2,ZK1机井的γ（Cl?）/γ（Ca2?）比值在丰水期、平水期、枯水期平均值分别为1.29、0.98、0.94,ZK1机井γ（Cl?）/γ（Ca2?）显著高于S045下降泉,表明ZK1机井水水动力条件弱于S045下降泉,这是机井中Sr2+高于下降泉的重要因素。     

类质同象的研究方法及意义

结合研究史作者论述了元素类质同象、间隙原子和固溶体概念的异同。指出类质同象元素的3个属性：同生性、共生性和同晶体化学位。提出元素统计式均匀分布为鉴别类质同象状态的理论准则,例举电子探针、矿物物性鉴别“杂质”属性的可行性,指出电子探针方法为最佳选择。论述了类质同象的重要地学意义：岩浆演化的指示剂和地质温压计。提出类质同象副成分作为找矿地球化学标志的新思路。元素不同存在状态的查定在矿产资源评价中具有重要意义。     

A comment on the use of spectral characteristics of teleseismic body waves to evaluate fine crustal structure

An investigation of the crustal response in the time and frequency domains is presented to show that for models with similar crustal transit times of P and S waves, any important changes in the internal configuration of the crust such as layering, layer thickness and velocity contrast only influence the amplitudes of the transfer function ratio. Frequency positions of peaks and troughs remain unperturbed unless the total transit time of P and/or S waves through the crust are varied. This would imply that fine crustal structure derived from a matching of peak positions of observed spectral ratios with theoretical transfer function ratios, as is commonly practiced, is not very meaningful. This limitation in the application of the spectral ratio method for detailed crustal structure is demonstrated using two recent applications of this technique.     

断层活动协调比在地震预测中的应用

为了有效捕获潜在震源区前兆变化信息与断层应变积累状态, 本文应用断层活动协调比概念, 对川滇地区和首都圈地区断层活动进行了分析。 结果表明: ① 丽江7.0级地震前震源区经历了至少有10多年的断层闭锁阶段, 不同观测场地协调比变化的时空差异性特征可能反映了震源区以及外围的异常演化特征; ② 断层活动协调比参数可帮助判识断层活动的性质, 当基线、 水准原始观测曲线出现显著的变化, 而协调比处于正常水平时, 断层活动即为无应变积累的自由蠕滑; ③ 断层活动协调比在大部分地震前都出现一定的离散性变化, 对分析强震前的断层活动性质和应变积累状态以及地震中长期预测具有一定的参考价值。     

勘查金矿的一种新的地球化学方法

利用黄铁矿进行找金是一种新的地球化学找矿方法。其特点是黄铁矿在矿化作用的早期对金及其伞生元素的富集，使金矿外围散染状黄铁矿中出现的金的异常；在金的成矿时期，由于自然金的形成，黄铁矿中金的含量下降。