DYNAMICS OF REGIONAL URBANIZATION IN FUJIAN COASTAL AREA

I.DynamicStI.uctureofRegioIlalUl.baIlizati0llRegionalurbanizationa11dregionaleconol11icdevelopl1lel1tarecloselyrelated.Tl1eprocessofregionaleconol11icdevelopmentisactuallytheprocessofurbangroWthandurbansystel11developn1ent.Regiol1alurbal1izatiol1isl1otonlythespatiall11anifestati0nofregionaleconolllicdeveloplllent,butalsothespatialmeanstofosterregiol1aleconon1icdevelopment.Tl1el11ajortheoriesofdeveloplnentec0nomicsanddeveloplllel1ttheoriesofregiollaleconon1icsaftertl1eSec0l1dWorldWarareall…     

A Finite Element Method for Cracked Components of Structures

1 .IntroductionOffshoreplatformsarelargescalesteelorconcretestructures.Theyexperiencevariouskindsofdamagessuchasdents ,corrosionpits ,cracks ,deformation ,etc .,afteryearsofenvironmentalimpactofwinds ,waves ,currents ,soilreactions ,earthquakesandice (DuanandLiu ,1 995) .Thesafetyofthestructureshasalwaysbeenthemostimportantissueconcerned ,anditdependsontheassessmentoftheintegrityofthestructures,orspecificallyontheassessmentofthedamagesinthestructures .Riclesetal.( 1 994)experimentallyinvestig…     

兰蛤营养成分的研究

对兰蛤的主要营养成分 ,以及氨基酸、脂肪酸、无机元素等的组成进行了研究 ,并同贻贝、蛤蜊、虾夷扇贝、牡蛎进行了比较分析。研究结果表明 ,兰蛤的蛋白质含量仅低于虾夷扇贝 ,其粗脂肪的含量居中 ,碳水化合物的含量最低 ,无机元素的含量最高。兰蛤的氨基酸组成非常全面 ,必需氨基酸总量高于牡蛎的 ,丙氨酸含量居于 5种贝类之首。兰蛤的 EPA和 DHA含量之和明显高于其它 4种贝类。兰蛤中还含有丰富的无机元素 ,Fe、Mn的含量均高于其它 4种贝类 ,其它无机元素的含量也较高     

2005-2014年安徽省区域经济时空差异特征分析

采用多指标对安徽省2005—2014年的区域经济差异进行评价,并用变异系数、基尼系数对安徽省区域经济差异进行测度,分析10年来区域经济差异的演变;将位序-规模法则应用于县域经济的发展变化分析,运用空间自相关方法分析区域经济差异的空间格局,并从政策导向、地理区位等方面分析其原因。研究结果表明：10年来安徽省区域经济差异略有起伏,但总体相对稳定,近年来有逐渐缩小的趋势,区域之间有明显的集聚效应。     

上海市常住人口增长趋势研究院基于劳动年龄人口的情景模拟

国内外大城市的快速发展很大程度上依赖于劳动力的充分供给,制定合适的人口发展战略及政策至关重要。本文基于队列要素法,以劳动年龄人口规模作为重要变量对上海市人口规模进行情景模拟,依据结果对上海市未来常住人口发展趋势进行判断。结果显示,外来劳动年龄人口对上海市未来发展有重要支撑作用,上海应该给予外来迁入人口更多的关注和肯定,而不是盲目地限制;同时,判定上海市2040年常住人口规模将增长到3000万～3870万之间。本方法可以广泛应用于与上海具有相似人口年龄结构和人口规模变化趋势的大型城市和特大型城市,对中小型城市的人口规模模拟和政策制定也具有一定的参考意义。     

长白山自然保护区生态环境质量的遥感评价

人类的生存质量与生态环境密切相关,利用遥感技术可快速地进行生态环境质量评价,为区域生态环境的治理、改善以及发展规划提供重要参考。本文以长白山自然保护区为例,选取1995、2007年Landsat5 TM影像和2015年Landsat8 OLI影像,反演得到能反映生态环境的绿度、湿度、热度和干度等指标,利用主成分分析法,依据新型遥感生态指数RSEI对长白山自然保护区1995-2015年的生态环境进行评价,结果表明：①绿度、湿度指标对区域生态环境起正向作用,热度、干度指标对区域生态环境起负向作用,且湿度对生态环境影响较大;②该区域1995、2007、2015年生态指数优良等级所占比例依次为49.520%、66.508%、76.189%,同时RSEI等级变差、不变、变好的比例分别为3.945%、55.598%、40.457%。生态环境质量整体不断改善,说明长白山自然保护区的天然林资源保护工程以及一系列生态保育措施起到了一定作用;而天池周边生态环境质量有所下降可能与旅游活动的快速发展有关;③逐步回归分析的结果表明,所选的各指标均为指示生态环境质量的关键指标;而裸露、干化地表的治理则是改善生态环境质量的关键。     

Crustal reworking in a shear zone: transformation of metagranite to migmatite

This study uses field, microstructural and geochemical data to investigate the processes contributing to the petrological diversity that arises when granitic continental crust is reworked. The Kinawa migmatite formed when Archean TTG crust in the São Francisco Craton, Brazil was reworked by partial melting at ~730 °C and 5–6 kbar in a regional‐scale shear zone. As a result, a relatively uniform leucogranodiorite protolith produced compositionally and microstructurally diverse diatexites and leucosomes. All outcrops of migmatite display either a magmatic foliation, flow banding or transposed leucosomes and indicate strong, melt‐present shearing. There are three types of diatexite. Grey diatexites are interpreted to be residuum, although melt segregation was incomplete in some samples. Biotite stable, H₂O‐fluxed melting is inferred via the reaction Pl + Kfs + Qz + H₂O = melt and geochemical modelling indicates 0.35–0.40 partial melting. Schlieren diatexites are extremely heterogeneous; residuum‐rich domains alternate with leucocratic quartzofeldspathic domains. Homogeneous diatexites have the highest SiO₂ and K₂O contents and are coarse‐grained, leucocratic rocks. Homogeneous diatexites, quartzofeldspathic domains from the schlieren diatexites and the leucosomes contain both plagioclase‐dominated and K‐feldspar‐dominated feldspar framework microstructures and hence were melt‐derived rocks. Both types of feldspar frameworks show evidence of tectonic compaction. Modelling the crystallization of an initial anatectic melt shows plagioclase appears first; K‐feldspar appears after ~40% crystallization. In the active shear zone setting, shear‐enhanced compaction provided an essentially continuous driving force for segregation. Thus, Kinawa migmatites with plagioclase frameworks are interpreted to have formed by shear‐enhanced compaction early in the crystallization of anatectic melt, whereas those with K‐feldspar frameworks formed later from the expelled fractionated melt. Trace element abundances in some biotite and plagioclase from the fractionated melt‐derived rocks indicate that these entrained minerals were derived from the wall rocks. Results from the Kinawa migmatites indicate that the key factor in generating petrological diversity during crustal reworking is that shear‐enhanced compaction drove melt segregation throughout the period that melt was present in the rocks. Segregation of melt during melting produced residuum and anatectic melt and their mixtures, whereas segregation during crystallization resulted in crystal fractionation and generated diverse plagioclase‐rich rocks and fractionated melts.     

小型气体质谱仪在中国大陆科学钻探钻井现场泥浆中气体的在线分析应用

采用OmniStar型质谱仪在线分析CCSD钻井泥浆中的H2、He、O2、N2、Ar、CH4和CO2等气体组分。采用脱气器、大气平衡仪、气体流量剂、冷冻干燥等样品采集装置,通过合理的设计可以有效地采集到井下气体并且克服大气的污染,除去气体中的水分。根据OmniStar型质谱仪的分析原理及分析能力,建立了可靠的分析方法,其精密度优于2%,准确度高,分析周期为8 s,为科学研究提供了及时、可靠的数据。     

熔片制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定海洋沉积物样品中主次量组分

采用混合熔剂熔融制备样片,用Axios X射线荧光光谱仪测定海洋沉积物样品中SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、MgO、CaO、Na2O、K2O、P2O5、TiO2、MnO、BaO、Ni、Cu、V、Cr和Zn等16种组分,用理论α系数校正基体效应,分析方法的精密度(RSD,n=12)为Cu和Cr小于6%,其余大多数主次量组分小于2%。方法用海洋沉积物国家一级标准物质验证,测定值与标准值相符。     

Modeling and prediction of ventilation methane emissions of U.S. longwall mines using supervised artificial neural networks

Methane emissions from a longwall ventilation system are an important indicator of how much methane a particular mine is producing and how much air should be provided to keep the methane levels under statutory limits. Knowing the amount of ventilation methane emission is also important for environmental considerations and for identifying opportunities to capture and utilize the methane for energy production.Prediction of methane emissions before mining is difficult since it depends on a number of geological, geographical, and operational factors. This study proposes a principle component analysis (PCA) and artificial neural network (ANN)-based approach to predict the ventilation methane emission rates of U.S. longwall mines.Ventilation emission data obtained from 63 longwall mines in 10 states for the years between 1985 and 2005 were combined with corresponding coalbed properties, geographical information, and longwall operation parameters. The compiled database resulted in 17 parameters that potentially impacted emissions. PCA was used to determine those variables that most influenced ventilation emissions and were considered for further predictive modeling using ANN. Different combinations of variables in the data set and network structures were used for network training and testing to achieve minimum mean square errors and high correlations between measurements and predictions. The resultant ANN model using nine main input variables was superior to multilinear and second-order non-linear models for predicting the new data. The ANN model predicted methane emissions with high accuracy. It is concluded that the model can be used as a predictive tool since it includes those factors that influence longwall ventilation emission rates.