海温与鲁西南夏季降水分析及在长期预报中的应用

本文对北太平洋海温与鲁西南夏季降水关系进行相关分析建立１２个相关场，得出赤道海域，黑潮海域和北太平洋海域三大主要优势相关区。选出３５个预报因子进行主成份分析，应用前１０个合成主成份变量建立预报方程，收到了较好的预报效果。     

Environmental influences on temporal patterns of settlement in two littoral labrid fishes in the Mediterranean Sea

Correlations between daily fish settlement and environmental and physical parameters were examined during two consecutive years in two labrid species (Symphodus roissali and Symphodus ocellatus) in the NW Mediterranean Sea. Both these species have a short planktonic larval duration (12±0.3 and 9±0.4 days, respectively) and limited offshore larval dispersal. Time-series analysis was used to compare the daily settlement patterns with various environmental variables, and non-linear generalized additive models (GAM) were used to examine the relationship between environmental conditions averaged over larval period and daily settlement patterns. Settlement was not uniform and took place as pulses of different length. Although the analyses detected a few significant correlations between day-to-day patterns in environmental variables and settlement (e.g. solar radiation, atmospheric pressure, daytime or nocturnal wind components), these were not consistent among years. In S. ocellatus, however, wind components (daytime or nighttime) explained part of the variance in settlement intensity. The correlations (GAM outputs) observed between settlement patterns and environmental variables (averaged during the whole planktonic period) suggest that calm weather during the planktonic period usually increases settlement success.     

Using chemometrics to evaluate anthropogenic effects in Daya Bay, China

In this work, we have monitored 12 stations to study the effects caused by natural, marine and anthropogenic activities on water quality in Daya Bay, China. Results show that the N:P ratios are 71.54, 41.29, 81.50 and 98.27 in winter, spring, summer and autumn, respectively. Compared with the data of the past 20 years, the atomic N:P ratios have increased, indicating increased potential for P limitation; the atomic Si:N ratios have decreased; the nutrient structure has substantially changed over a period of 20 years. These findings show that the nutrient structure may be related to anthropogenic influence. The data matrix has been built according to the results, which were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA). This analysis extracted the first four principal components (PC), explaining 73.58% of the total variance of the raw data. PC1 (25.53% of the variance) is associated with temperature, salinity and nitrate. PC2 (21.64% of the variance) is characterized by dissolved oxygen and silicate. PC3 (15.91% of the variance) participates mainly by nitrite (NO₂-N) and ammonia (NH₄-N). PC4 explaining 10.50% of the variance is mainly contributed by parameters of organic pollution (dissolved oxygen, 5-day biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand).PCA has found the important factors that can describe the natural, marine and anthropogenic influences. Temperature and salinity are important indicators of natural and marine characters in this bay. The northeast monsoons from October to April and southwest monsoons from May to September have important effects on the waters in Daya Bay. It has been demonstrated that anthropogenic activities have significant influence on nitrogen form character. In spatial pattern, a marine aquaculture area and a non-aquaculture area are widely identified by the scores of stations. In seasonal pattern, dry and wet season characters have been demonstrated.     

惠州西湖水环境信息管理系统的建立与应用

分析了水环境信息管理的研究现状和不足,在前人研究的基础上,以软件工程原理和系统工程分析法为指导,进行系统的分析、设计和系统体系结构的介绍。阐述了系统的各功能模块的实现,重点介绍了专题地图和富营养化综合评价模块的实现及其在实际水环境监测和决策中的应用。该研究的总结为:系统基于SuperMap Object组件技术、数据技术和数据挖掘技术,以Visual Basic为平台集成专业模型与GIS于一体,实现了模型辅助水环境的评价和决策,并以直观的图形界面显示,是一种有益尝试。     

冲绳海槽岩浆源的三分量混合模型

综合分析了冲绳海槽玄武岩中微量元素的地球化学特征，发现最少要求三分量混合作用来解释其岩浆源成分，并通过最大方差因子分析估算了3个分量的贡献比例。亏损型地幔是海槽岩浆源的主体，但其中舍有富集型地幔的成分，尤其是海槽中部玄武岩岩浆源中这种富集型地幔成分的特征表现得更为明显。俯冲组分是岩浆源中的另一个主要成分，贡献量为20％左右，是造成海槽区玄武岩中Pb强烈富集的重要原因。     

CTD电控多瓶采水器中电磁式释放机构设计与试验

文章概述了用电磁方式控制采水器释放机构的可行性，介绍了释放机构的工作原理、结构和特点，给出了应用实例试验中的测量方法和结果。     

基于方差分量估计的不同截止高度角下的组合单点定位

BDS/GPS/GLONASS组合系统定位时,由于系统间卫星测距精度的差异性,需要合理确定卫星间权比,Helmert方差分量估计常被用于确定不同类观测值间权比;而当观测值含有粗差时,Helmert方差分量估计定位结果容易被粗差污染或收敛失真,出现大的偏差。文中基于Helmert方差分量估计,引入等价权因子IGGIII函数,建立抗差Helmert方差分量估计权函数模型,对比分析其在低截止高度角10°、15°和20°下,在BDS/GPS/GLONASS组合系统定位中的应用及定位精度,并讨论分析在高截止高度角30°和40°下,组合系统和单系统BDS的定位精度。实验结果表明:当观测值无明显粗差时,Helmert方差分量估计和抗差分量估计的定位精度相当,略低于高度角权函数的定位结果,点位精度RMS优于2.5m;含粗差时,抗差解定位精度最高;当截止高度角为30°时,BDS单系统定位精度RMS优于5m,而组合系统RMS接近3m;为40°时,组合系统平面精度RMS优于2m,三维精度RMS优于6m,而单系统不能定位。     

基于PCA的高光谱遥感图像分类

高光谱遥感图像的出现进一步提升遥感图像分类的准确性,但高光谱遥感图像的数据量大,处理高光谱遥感图像复杂度高、效率低。为解决这一问题,将主成分分析算法作为遥感图像分类的预处理技术。分析主成分分析算法的原理,利用主成分分析算法提取高光谱图像的主要波段图像。通过实验验证得出结论:高光谱遥感图像的主波段图像包含分类所需的大部分信息,利用少数的主波段图像即可达到70%以上的分类正确率。实验结果表明,在保证分类正确率的前提下,PCA算法可有效地减少图像分类处理的数据量,提高图像的处理效率。     

居民出行活动特征与收入水平的关系——以上海市为例

居民出行活动与居民的收入水平关系是公共交通、城市地理研究的重要问题。传统获取居民出行活动信息主要基于问卷调查的方式,不仅成本高、样本量有限,且研究局限于定性讨论,研究结果易因受访者的主观意识而产生偏颇。随着信息技术的革新,传感器记录的大规模人类活动信息为研究居民出行活动特征与居民收入水平关系提供了可能性。本文利用上海市居民时空轨迹数据,从居民出行活动的角度出发,首先构建居民出行活动指标,并利用主成分分析法提取居民出行活动特征的主要成分;然后对主成分进行K-Means聚类,并针对不同出行活动特征的类别,分析居民出行活动特征与居民收入水平的关系,结果表明：①居民出行地点多样性与居民出行范围大小是反映居民出行活动特征的主要成分;②移动范围越小、移动地点多样性越低的居民类别,其平均工资水平越高;③不同移动性特征的类别平均收入水平差异与各类别居民工作地的产业发展有关。研究结论可为城市规划及相关经济政策制定提供参考。