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101.
实验研究岩石圈深部流体及相关科学问题 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
实验研究地球岩石圈深部流体和对地球深部流体的观测发现,水溶液在跨越临界态时有许多特殊性质。使用水热金刚石压钻在200~800MPa,300~700℃条件下,可观测到:NaCl-H2O溶液两相不混溶相区的结构和近临界态现象。测量高温高压下NaCl溶液的电导率,在近临界和跨越临界态时发现最大电导率值。在对大洋中脊热水观测中可发现大多数喷口是在2200m深。喷口正在近临界态条件下喷出含矿流体。这些临界态研究对于重新分析岩石圈的地球物理测量结果和对认识大陆岩石圈内流体性质有很大意义。 相似文献
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In this paper, we study theoretically and experimentally the coherent control of non-resonant two-photon transition in a molecular system (Perylene dissolved in chloroform solution) by shaping the femtosecond pulses with simple phase patterns (cosinusoidal and π phase step-function shape). The control efficiency of the two-photon transition probability is correlated with both the laser field and the molecular absorption bandwidth. Our results demonstrate that, the two-photon transition probability in a molecular system can be reduced but not completely eliminated by manipulating the laser field, and the control efficiency is minimal when the molecular absorption bandwidth is larger than twice the laser spectral bandwidth. 相似文献
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台风Mindulle变性再发展的特征及机理研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对于2004年台风Mindulle登陆入海再发展进行研究分析。通过演变特征的分析,发现在台风北移时,冷空气入侵台风低层,台风经历一个变性再发展的过程,台风在高层一直保持暖心结构,并且在台风的西侧形成一个冷锋面结构,而在北侧为一个暖性锋面结构,使得暖空气被迫抬升,冷空气也逐渐包围了台风。冷平流与来自暖海面的暖平流交汇使得暖湿的海面对流加剧。同时高空急流入口处辐散区与台风低压的重合和西风槽的东移,对台风的维持和再发展起到了重要的作用。 相似文献
106.
河流相沉积的河型转换特征与控制因素及其油气地质意义
——以南苏丹Melut盆地Ruman地区坳陷期Jimidi组为例 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
河流相砂体是陆相含油气盆地的重要储层类型,其河型的时空转换不仅是研究盆地演化的直接证据,更是精准评价与预测油气储层的核心内容,已成为近年来国内外沉积研究的热点之一.以Melut盆地Ruman地区坳陷期Jimidi组为例,通过开展层序划分、岩相类型与岩相组合分析、高分辨率储层反演、以及砂体平面展布分析,结果表明:1)坳陷... 相似文献
107.
Simona Avnaim‐Katav Ahuva Almogi‐Labin Amir Sandler Dorit Sivan Naomi Porat Ari Matmon 《第四纪科学杂志》2012,27(7):675-686
The current detailed chronostratigraphic framework of the last 1 Ma of an eastern Mediterranean sequence (Haifa Bay, Israel) aims to examine the relative roles of sea‐level changes, climate and tectonics. Seven continuous marine cores, up to ~120 m long, were recovered from shallow water depths. The cores were dated by optically stimulated luminescence, 14C, magnetostratigraphy, 230Th/234U, 26Al/10Be, occurrence of index fossils and correlated to the global sea‐level curve and Marine Isotope Stages (MIS). The sedimentary sequence accumulated during the last ca. 1.0 Ma consists of 21 transgression–regression units with hiatuses between them. Five marine/terrestrial cycles, which occur in the lower part of the sequence, are attributed to the Jaramillo subchron and the Brunhes–Matuyama boundary, and correspond to MIS 29–21. The top ~50 m includes three sedimentary cycles deposited in the last ca. 400 ka. The regressive phases during this interval correspond to Glacial MIS 8, 6 and 2, while the transgressions correspond to Interglacial MIS 11, 7, 5 and 1. Thus, for the first time, this study documents the longest Quaternary succession dated so far in a key area of the Levant, sensitive to global history of sea‐level changes and glacial/interglacial fluctuations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
108.
Selection of sand models and identification of parameters using an enhanced genetic algorithm
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Numerous constitutive models of granular soils have been developed during the last few decades. As a consequence, how to select an appropriate model with the necessary features based on conventional tests and with an easy way of identifying parameters for geotechnical applications has become a major issue. This paper aims to discuss the selection of sand models and parameters identification by using genetic algorithm. A real‐coded genetic algorithm is enhanced for the optimization with high efficiency. Models with gradually varying features (elastic‐perfectly plastic modelling, nonlinear stress–strain hardening, critical state concept and two‐surface concept) are selected from numerous sand models as examples for optimization. Conventional triaxial tests on Hostun sand are selected as the objectives in the optimization. Four key points are then discussed in turn: (i) which features are necessary to be accounted for in constitutive modelling of sand; (ii) which type of tests (drained and/or undrained) should be selected for an optimal identification of parameters; (iii) what is the minimum number of tests that should be selected for parameter identification; and (iv) what is the suitable and least strain level of objective tests to obtain reliable and reasonable parameters. Finally, a useful guide, based on all comparisons, is provided at the end of the discussion. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Konstantinos I. Andrianopoulos Achilleas G. Papadimitriou George D. Bouckovalas 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2010,34(15):1586-1614
This paper presents a new plasticity model developed for the simulation of monotonic and cyclic loading of non‐cohesive soils and its implementation to the commercial finite‐difference code FLAC, using its User‐Defined‐Model (UDM) capability. The new model incorporates the framework of Critical State Soil Mechanics, while it relies upon bounding surface plasticity with a vanished elastic region to simulate the non‐linear soil response. Stress integration of constitutive relations is performed using a recently proposed explicit scheme with automatic error control and substepping, which so far has been employed in the literature only for constitutive models aiming at monotonic loading. The overall accuracy of this scheme is evaluated at element level by simulating cyclic loading along complex stress paths and by using iso‐error maps for paths involving change of the Lode angle. The performance of the new constitutive model and its stress integration scheme in complex boundary value problems involving earthquake‐induced liquefaction is evaluated, in terms of accuracy and computational cost, via a number of parametric analyses inspired by the successful simulation of the VELACS centrifuge Model Test No. 2 studying the lateral spreading response of a liquefied sand layer. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献