Dating Micrometre‐Thin Rims Using a LA‐ICP‐MS Depth Profiling Technique on Zircon from an Archaean Metasediment: Comparison with the SIMS Depth Profiling Method

Laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) was examined as a tool for measuring isotopic variation as a function of ablation depth in unpolished zircon from an Archaean metasediment specimen. This technique was able to identify micrometre‐thin (> 3 μm) isotopically distinct mineral domains characterised by ca. 100 Myr younger ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb ages associated with 2s age uncertainties as low ~ 0.2%, as well as elevated U content relative to grain interiors (up to an order of magnitude). Our calculated drilling rate suggests that each laser pulse excavated depths of ~ 0.06 μm. Ages resolved through the LA‐ICP‐MS methods overlap the 2s uncertainties of ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb ages measured using SIMS depth profiling on the same zircon population. The rims were further evinced by the detection of relative enrichment (> 3 orders of magnitude) in REE in the outermost micrometres of the same zircon, measured using a different and independent LA‐ICP‐MS depth profiling technique. We propose a LA‐ICP‐MS U–Pb technique capable of quickly identifying and quantifying rims, which are indication of late, yet geologically significant, fluid events that are otherwise undefined.     

不同类型基性层状侵入体的成因

论述了不同类型基性层状侵入体的成因。根据母岩浆特征划分出玄武岩浆侵入体和拉斑玄武岩浆侵入体两大类。     

叠前深度域偏移成像技术及其应用

根据“西部煤炭资源高精度三维地震勘探技术”项目中对国内外各种深度域偏移成像方法和特点的调研成果．对各类深度域成像的算法和特点进行了总结,指出不同深度域成像算法选取原则主要依据构造复杂程度和横向速度变化情况。结合克希霍夫叠前三维深度域偏移模块说明深度域偏移原理和工作流程,并以实例说明叠前深度域成像能够解决因第四系地层厚度剧烈变化造成的下覆煤层赋存形态被扭曲、深度误差大、断层平面位置不准确等问题。该实例中,叠前深度域成像划分的煤层深度比时间域偏移剖面解释结果向下移动40多m,钻探结果证实其解释的煤层深度和断层位置比较准确。     

超固结土层垂向形变机理及临界水位控沉分析——以西安南郊钻孔土样研究为例

超固结地层发生地面沉降需要一个大于超固结应力的起始附加应力来驱动。依据有效应力原则,临界水位与超固结应力之间存在线性相关关系,则超固结地层垂向形变机理亦可通过临界水位描述为：当人为开采地下水引起的起始水位降深大于临界水位时,地面沉降将明显发生。西安南郊地质技校钻孔埋深100-300m内土样试验资料分析及计算结果表明：该地层普遍呈现超固结特性;第一、二承压含水组的临界水位值分别为63.44m及73.76m;将“临界水位”作为控制地面沉降与最大限度开采地下水资源的主控指标来考虑,是地面沉降的有效防治措施。     

爆破振动作用下城门洞形衬砌的临界振速研究

根据应力波理论,采用复变函数方法,对爆破振动作用下城门洞形衬砌的应力和振速分布进行了研究,进而求解了入射波入射角度不同时衬砌的临界振速。首先将城门洞形衬砌映射为一个内径为1,外径大于1的圆环,再求解稳态P波作用下圆环的动态响应;计算结果表明：入射波的入射方向对于城门洞形衬砌的临界振速有较大的影响,入射角度为90?时,衬砌的临界振速最大,入射角为0?时次之,入射角为270?时最小。     

河套灌区地下水临界深度的确定及其意义探讨

针对河套地区土壤盐渍化严重的实际情况,通过实测及参考前人研究成果,确定了河套地区地下水临界深度值为2.0 m,并讨论了临界深度的确定对于防治土壤盐渍化、合理利用水资源和提高农作物产量的实际意义。     

近水平岩层滑坡启动的临界水柱高度分析

从岩性特点和外部诱发因素等方面分析了近水平岩层滑坡的形成机制,提出此类滑坡启动的主要诱发因素是暴雨或持续降雨.从力学角度讨论了滑坡启动的判别依据,推导了滑坡启动时的临界水柱高度.研究表明,裂隙水对近水平岩层滑坡启动的影响是有条件的,在滑体厚度d一定的情况下,当滑面长度L小于安全长度LS时,滑坡就会启动,否则裂隙水不足以引起滑坡的启动.同时对应于一定的滑面长度,分析了浅层、中层、厚层滑坡的临界水柱高度值.     

模型偏差与定位震源深度

简要分析了定位模型偏差对震源深度测定的影响,提出了有利于抑制模型偏差作用,提高测震定位精度的主要途径。     

A note on the general concept of wave breaking for Rossby and gravity waves

A recently proposed general definition of wave breaking is further discussed, in order to deal with some points on which misunderstanding appears to have arisen. As with surface and internal gravity waves, the classification of Rossby waves into breaking and not breaking is a generic classification based on dynamical considerations, and not a statement about any unique signature or automatically recognizable shape. Nor is it a statement about passive tracers uncorrelated with potential vorticity on isentropic surfaces. A strong motivation for the definition is that proofs of the nonacceleration theorem of wave, mean-flow interaction theory rely, explicitly or implicitly, on a hypothesis that the waves do not break in the sense envisaged.The general definition refers to the qualitative behaviour of a certain set of material contours, namely those, and only those, which would undulate reversibly, with small slopes, under the influence of the waves' restoring mechanism, in those circumstances for which linearized, nondissipative wave theory is a self-consistent approximation to nonlinear reality. The waves' restoring mechanism depends upon the basic-state vertical potential density gradient in the case of gravity waves, and upon the basic-state isentropic gradient of potential vorticity in the case of Rossby waves. In the usual linearized theory of planetary scale Rossby waves on a zonal shear flow, the relevant material contours lie along latitude circles when undisturbed.     

Far infrared emission from three new planetary nebulae

As dust emission in the far infrared (FIR) is a characteristic property of planetary nebulae we searched the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) point-source catalogue for confirmatory evidence on the two new possible planetary nebulae S 68 and 248 - 5 identified by Fesen, Gull & Heckathorn (1983) and the high-excitation planetary nebula 76 + 36 detected by Sanduleak (1983). We identify the nebulae 248 - 5 and 76 + 36 with IRAS sources 07404 - 3240 and 17125 + 4919, respectively and have determined their dust temperature, total FIR emission and optical depth. We also set a lower limit ranging in value from 1.2 × 10^-6 to 3.7 × 10^-5 forM _dust /M _bd of the nebula 248 - 5 depending on whether its grain material is silicate or graphite. S 68 could not be identified with an IRAS source.