城市内部居住环境评价的指标体系和方法

“宜居城市”已经引起了政府、媒体和学者极大的关注,但主要集中在概念层面上,关于“宜居城市”的倡导或研究不应停留概念的炒作上,应该明确其内涵、量化其评价指标、确定其建设的方向和步骤等。立足于国内外相关研究基础,凸现“以人为本”的城市建设理念,就城市内部居住环境的评价内容、指标体系设计和评价方法等进行探讨。重点对构成居住环境评价的5大指标体系,安全性、环境的健康性、生活的便利性、出行的便捷度、居住的舒适度等具体评价内容、数据获取和方法选择等进行了研究。     

钻孔灌注桩的施工质量控制

该文通过对钻孔灌注桩的主要施工工艺如：泥浆比重及粘稠度、孔内沉渣厚度、钢筋笼的制安以及水下混凝土的灌注等工艺技术要求的控制方法的阐述,指出在钻孔灌注桩施工过程中只要对这些工序加强控制,就能确保钻孔灌注桩的质量     

基于大数据的上海市人居环境适宜性评价

人居环境是居民生活和社会发展的重要基础,科学量化人居环境适宜性有助于引导区域人口规划,促进人口与资源协调发展。本文基于大数据,运用GIS技术,从居住环境、社会环境、经济环境和生态环境四个方面构建综合评价指标体系,以1 km栅格为基本单元,对上海市人居环境适宜性进行空间测度评价。结果表明:上海市人居环境指数介于-1.79~45.57之间,空间分布上呈现中心城区向周边区域递减的态势,整体分布趋势与人口密度相关性较高。高值区主要集中在中心城区一带,土地面积较小,人口密度大,承载压力较大;发展潜力较高的中等适宜区主要涉及外环及新城区域,土地面积大,是未来人口导向的潜力区。     

雷州半岛地裂缝及其构造蠕变成因

从1969年开始,雷州半岛每年或隔年频繁发生地裂缝,论述了雷州半岛地裂缝的分布特征．指出区内的地裂缝主要与地质构造、地壳活动（海岸抬升）相关,也和邻区强震、中强地震及区内的小震和微震部分相关．认为区内的地裂缝主要属构造蠕变地裂缝。推测与1969年其邻区阳江发生的6.4级强震对本区构造活动的激发并改变其地壳活动性有关。     

中强地震前地磁极化异常特征及其与后续地震的关系

基于国家地磁台网中心的地磁秒采样数据,采用地磁垂直强度极化法,计算了2019年1月1日至2020年7月31日全国各地磁台站的极化值,对2019年中国大陆西部(110°E以西)极化异常进行了分析,研究了2020年于田M_S6.4等中强地震前地磁极化异常变化特征及其与后续地震的关系。研究发现:(1)地磁极化异常具有空间成组特征,即空间上多个地区可以同时出现地磁极化异常;地磁极化异常一般被认为是震前震源区发生断层蠕动或岩石破裂导致的电磁辐射,这意味着震前可能会有多个地区同时发生断层蠕动或岩石破裂,这一现象似乎表明有一个"力源"在主导多区域同时发生断层蠕动或岩石破裂。(2)地磁极化异常的后续地震具有成组特征,即一个地区出现极化异常后可能发生多次地震。该现象对日常会商分析具有重要参考意义,即此类异常发生预期地震后可能还会有类似地震的发生。(3)以往的一些研究认为地磁极化异常一般在震前2—3个月出现,但本研究发现极化异常出现后10个月在异常区域仍然会发生地震,这表明电磁辐射异常可能不仅仅是短临异常,还可能具有中期指示意义,即断层蠕动或岩石破裂发生时间可能在震前近1年左右便已开始...     

Analysis of the behavior of large underground oil storage caverns in salt rock

The storage of petroleum products above ground surface has many constraints and limitations. A viable alternative is to excavate large underground spaces in rock to provide a safer way for oil storage. Soft rock formations such as salt domes provide suitable conditions from environmental and operational aspects. The potential for high volume storage and low permeability are among advantages of oil storage in caverns excavated in salt rocks. The complicated shape of oil storage caverns, complex behavior of salt rock, and boundary conditions associated with large underground openings are major challenges in the design of salt caverns excavated for oil storage purposes. In this study, the deformation mechanism and stability of salt caverns were investigated. A comprehensive 3D numerical study was carried out to investigate the effects of cavern size and depth, salt rock deformation modulus, and ground in‐situ stress regime on the behavior of large salt caverns. The stress field and deformation mechanisms were studied numerically aiming at shedding lights into the design aspects of salt caverns for oil storage. The analysis results show that the cavern safety factor is reduced as a function of cavern depth and storage volume. Also, with decrease in k (ratio of horizontal to vertical in‐situ stress), the stability of salt caverns will increase; however, with increase in salt rock young modulus, the sensitivity of cavern stability to k ratio is reduced. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Three‐dimensional modelling of differential railway track settlement using a cycle domain constitutive model

A method for simulation of differential (spatially varying) track settlement in a ballasted railway track is presented. It employs a cycle domain constitutive model to determine accumulated plastic (permanent) deformation of the granular layers supporting the track. The constitutive model is adopted for both the ballast and the sub‐ballast but with different parameter sets. The proposed framework can be used to predict differential track settlement accounting for heterogeneous (space‐variant) track characteristics and loading conditions. Here, it is demonstrated for three‐dimensional continuum modelling of a railway crossing panel subjected to a large number of axle passages. Because of the design of the crossing panel and the transient character of the impact loads on the crossing, the load transferred into the track bed is not uniform along the track, and the resulting differential settlement leads to vertical irregularities in track geometry. The spatial variation of track settlement is calculated both along the sleepers and along the rails. The influences of the number of adjacent sleepers accounted for in the model and the stiffness of the subgrade on the predicted settlement at the crossing are studied. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

ON THE RELATION BETWEEN THE EVOLUTION OF NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN FACTORS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN SETTLEMENT——Take the Lanzhou Valley Basin as An Examples

Lanzhou Valley Basin is composed of two smaller diamond-shaped basins striking from NW to SE and including 6 river terraces. The lower terraces remaining even and smooth are main sites for city buildings. The main function of Lanzhou urban settlement is a ferry and transport centre. Lanzhou used to be an im-portant crossing site and post on the "silk road",and then became a transport and trade centre in Northwest China. In the middle part of the 17th century, Lanzhou became the capital of Gansu,a new province. The development process of Lanzhou urban settlement indicates that urban settlement is a system consisting of natural environment and human society based on the former.     

南水北调西线区域多年冻土分布特征及其现象

南水北调西线区域处于高原连续片状冻土区向高山不连续岛状冻土区过渡的中间地带。区域内多年片状冻土、岛状冻土和季节性冻土三种类型并存,造成了冻土分布的复杂性与多变性。依据大量实际资料,系统论述了区域内冻土、地下冰、融区的分布与特征,冻胀与融沉的各种现象。     

饱水砂层中结构的融沉附加力研究

在试验研究的基础上,探讨了饱水砂层的竖向冻结及融化过程土中结构切向受力的变化．试验结果表明,冻结饱和砂土融化过程可分为负温升温、相变和自由水温升３个阶段;与此对应,融化沉降过程可分为开始、急降和缓降３个阶段;而模型结构切向应力则经历了上升、陡降和缓降３个过程;最终模型受有切向融沉压缩附加应力．这对于进一步研究季节性冻土中的结构受力、冻结井井壁应力历史以及井壁裂漏颇有意义．