生物合成FeS及其稳定性柱迁移研究

金属纳米硫化亚铁(FeS)在重/类金属修复上具有广阔的应用前景。使用嗜酸性铁还原菌(JF-5)和硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)合成生物纳米FeS,探讨其自然沉降规律,并使用羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)作为稳定剂,探讨CMC-FeS在石英砂柱中的迁移特性。结果表明,SRB和JF-5菌液在一定比例下混合即能生成纳米FeS,且当混合菌液中n(Fe)/n(S)=0.2时FeS生成量最多,颗粒物浓度达2 400 mg/L;FeS的自然沉降速率在0.1%CMC溶液中得到有效减缓。对流扩散模型能很好地描述CMC-FeS悬浮颗粒在石英砂柱中的迁移行为,相比于纯水-FeS体系(R²=0.20),其模型相关性最高达0.85;在90、180和360 mL/h这3种输入流速下,中等流速180 mL/h能够获得最佳渗透性,其渗透系数平均值为243.97 cm/h。实验结果表明,CMC-FeS的稳定性和迁移性较纯水-FeS均得到加强,可为土壤污染修复提供理论参考。     

北斗卫星导航技术在建筑深基坑变形 监测中的应用研究

：为研究北斗卫星测量技术在建筑深基坑位移监测中应用效果,以柳州市一深基坑工程监测为案例,介绍了BDS系统与常规测量方法的优点,基坑监测系统的组成,测点的选择,监测实施方法及效果。研究表明,BDS为主的GNSS技术在精度和可靠性方面均能满足要求,完全适用于基坑的位移监测。     

钻孔灌注桩桩顶混凝土下沉冒水泛砂原因分析

近几年来,在温州地区钻孔灌注桩的施工与验收过程中,桩顶混凝土常出现3种现象：下沉、冒水、泛砂,严重影响到基桩的工程质量。从环境因素、材料因素、工艺因素出发,结合钻孔灌注桩的施工经验,分别对上述3种现象的形成原因进行分析研究,并作出相关解释,同时对3种现象之间的关联也作出了相应的说明。     

Effects of frequency and cyclic stress ratio on creep behavior of clay under cyclic loading

The mechanical behavior of clay subjected to cyclic loading is important to consider in the design of the foundations of many types of structures that must resist cyclic loading, such as subgrades and offshore foundations, because clay undergoes greater settlement under cyclic loading than under static loading. The difference in settlement between these two loading patterns due to creep behavior is affected by the cyclic frequency and the cyclic stress ratio. This study investigated the effects of the frequency and cyclic stress ratio of cyclic loading on the creep behavior of a natural clay in China using stress-controlled triaxial tests. The assessed the following parameters: three frequencies, four cyclic stress ratios, and six vertical stresses. The test results indicate that the soft clay displays accelerated creep behavior under dynamic loads. A specific “limit frequency” (in this case, 0.2 Hz) and a “safe load” at which the strain of the soft clay increases very slowly were observed. The effect of the effective axial stress on the creep behavior increases with the increase in the cyclic stress ratio. Based on the tests, the critical cyclic stress ratio is 0.267 at a certain effective axial stress and frequency.     

Thermal and settlement analyses under a riverbank over permafrost

Thermal regime evolution and settlement behavior of a riverbank over ice-rich permafrost in 20 years were estimated by numerical simulation and layerwise summation calculation. The results show that the permafrost under the riverbank will undergo a thawing process at a dramatically rate under the conditions of practical geology and construction structure, which is responsible for a remarkable settlement. The cases on different conditions of concrete hydration, backfilled soil temperature, seepage and mean annual ground temperature were also discussed, suggesting that these factors have the capability in improving the riverbank performance, among them seepage may be of the most importance.     

Long-term Non-linear creep and swelling behavior of Hong Kong marine deposits in oedometer condition

The time-dependent stress-strain behavior of clayey soil is a great concern for predicting long-term settlement especially for large-scale land reclamation projects. In this paper, long-term time-dependent behavior of Hong Kong Marine Deposits (HKMD) under the loading stage and unloading stage is investigated by multi-staged loading oedometer test. Special emphasis has been given to study creep and swelling behavior. It is found that the clayey soil demonstrates the creep behavior during the loading stage, whereas it shows the swelling behavior during the unloading stage. The analysis of the creep behavior shows that there exists a linear trend between creep strain and time (in log-scale) within a certain period, whereas a nonlinear relationship in a long term view. Similar result is found for the swelling behavior. A nonlinear function is found to be suitable to predict the long-term creep and swelling behavior. The creep strain limit and swelling strain limit can be obtained if the nonlinear function is adopted to fit the experimental data. In addition, a new modified Elastic Visco-Plastic model considering Swelling (EVPS model) is proposed and presented, which considers the nonlinear creep and swelling behavior. In this modified EVPS model, the final creep and swelling equilibrium stress-strain state can also be obtained when the time is infinite.     

京津冀地区城市人居环境气候舒适性评价

京津冀地区城市聚集,目前在京津冀协同发展规划下,随着都市圈产业结构调整,各城市面临大量人口流动迁移,人居环境气候舒适性将影响人口重布。以京津冀地区13个主要城市作为研究对象,根据1951-2013年的气候资料,采用温湿指数THI和风效指数K,综合评价各城市气候舒适度,并加以对比分析。结果表明：近63 a来,本区13个城市人居气候环境舒适性较高;区内各城市气候舒适性分布特点表现为由东北向西南,舒适性呈现降低趋势,河北省内秦皇岛、唐山、廊坊、邯郸等多个城市气候舒适性均高于北京天津两大城市。以全年气候舒适程度由高到低排序：秦皇岛>唐山>廊坊、邯郸、北京 > 承德 > 张家口 > 石家庄、邢台、保定、衡水 > 沧州、天津。这将成为引导人口分流的有利因素,驱动人口高度密集区进行有序合理疏散,缓解北京天津的大城市病问题。     

Mechanical properties of altered granite gneiss considering time effect

The altered granite gneiss is a special rock with loosely-structured and well-developed pores and cavities. The microstructure and mineral composition of the rock were analysed by SEM-EDS and creep triaxial tests were carried out and the axial and lateral deformations over time were discussed. Both the axial and the lateral creep curves show the typical three distinct creep stages (decay creep, steady state creep, accelerated creep). At a low stress level, the axial creep strain is unnoticeable, and only when loaded at a high stress level will the creep strain increase at an increasing rate until the rock specimen fails. The lateral creep strain is smaller than the axial creep strain, but the creep rate (dε/dt) in the lateral direction is higher than that in the axial direction at all stress levels. The failure pattern, which is affected by many factors, shows a shear failure with rather broken and rough failure surfaces.     

生态脆弱能源区人居环境与经济协调发展时空格局及演化机制——以晋陕蒙接壤区为例

以晋陕蒙接壤区为例,运用综合指数法、协调发展度模型和PCA模型方法,构建协调发展变化模型,借助GIS和SPSS技术,研究2000-2015年生态脆弱能源区人居环境与经济协调发展时空特征,揭示人居环境与经济系统时空协调演进机制。结果表明：2000年以来,晋陕蒙接壤区人居环境与经济系统协调发展度长期处于勉强协调发展类型;县域人居环境与经济系统协调发展度由“北高南低”演化为“中部高周边低”的空间分异特征;榆阳区、府谷县、横山县、神木县、东胜区、准格尔旗、伊金霍洛旗的人居环境与经济系统协调发展度显著提升,河曲县、保德县、偏关县、兴县、达拉特旗和托克托县的协调发展度出现下降态势;人居环境与经济系统时空协调演进是居住环境因子、产业结构因子、基础设施因子、公共服务设施因子和政府宏观政策调控因子等多重动力因子综合驱动的结果。据此提出推进区域人居环境与经济系统向优质协调发展类型演进的对策建议。